Martin Jung

Martin Jung
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Martin verified their affiliation via an institutional email.
Verified
Martin verified their affiliation via an institutional email.
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis | IIASA · Biodiversity and Natural Resources (BNR)

Phd

About

94
Publications
75,654
Reads
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3,408
Citations
Introduction
Widely interested in (Macro-)Ecology, Conservation Biology and Sustainability Science with regards to global change and biodiversity nexus issues. Specialist in remote-sensing analysis, ecological modelling and interpreting spatial data. Many years of experience in project management and providing quantitative solutions to environmental problems.
Additional affiliations
April 2019 - present
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Position
  • Researcher
Education
September 2015 - March 2019
University of Sussex
Field of study
  • Environmental science
February 2013 - March 2015
University of Copenhagen
Field of study
  • Ecology and Evolution
October 2009 - October 2012
Philipps University of Marburg
Field of study
  • Biology

Publications

Publications (94)
Article
Full-text available
Abrupt land change, such as deforestation or agricultural intensification, is a key driver of biodiversity change. Following abrupt land change, local biodiversity often continues to be influenced through biotic lag effects. However, current understanding of how terrestrial biodiversity is impacted by past abrupt land changes is incomplete. Here we...
Article
Full-text available
We provide a global, spatially explicit characterization of 47 terrestrial habitat types, as defined in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) habitat classification scheme, which is widely used in ecological analyses, including for quantifying species' area of Habitat. We produced this novel habitat map for the year 2015 by crea...
Article
Full-text available
Context There is an ongoing debate whether local biodiversity is declining and what might drive this change. Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) are suspected to impact local biodiversity. However, there is little evidence for LULC changes beyond the local scale to affect biodiversity across multiple functional groups of species, thus limiti...
Article
Full-text available
To meet the ambitious objectives of biodiversity and climate conventions, the international community requires clarity on how these objectives can be operationalized spatially and how multiple targets can be pursued concurrently. To support goal setting and the implementation of international strategies and action plans, spatial guidance is needed...
Article
Full-text available
Most knowledge about species and habitats is in-homogeneously distributed, with biases existing in space, time and taxonomic and functional knowledge. Yet, controversially the total amount of biodiversity data has never been greater. A key challenge is thus how to make effective use of the various sources of biodiversity data in an integrated manne...
Article
Full-text available
The Nature Futures Framework (NFF) is a novel approach for the development of positive scenarios centered on the relationship of nature and people, emphasizing biodiversity as part of the solution to environmental challenges across various spatial and temporal scales, explicitly addressing a plurality of values for nature. In this work, we describe...
Article
Full-text available
Although variation in effect sizes and predicted values among studies of similar phenomena is inevitable, such variation far exceeds what might be produced by sampling error alone. One possible explanation for variation among results is differences among researchers in the decisions they make regarding statistical analyses. A growing array of studi...
Preprint
Full-text available
We developed a six-step decision-support framework to facilitate effective decision making for the conservation of multiple species and habitats, accounting for ecological dynamics across terrestrial – freshwater – marine realms, and the integration of socio-economic activities. The framework provides also guidance on how to address climate change...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose of Review Landscapes can be defined as mosaics of different land covers, habitats, ecosystems, or land-use systems. The link between spatial heterogeneous patterns and ecological processes is the core concept in the research field of landscape ecology. Nowadays, advanced computational methods are essential to the field due to its cross-disc...
Preprint
Full-text available
Systematic conservation planning (SCP) is an operational and scientific framework that assists in deciding where, how and when to implement conservation intervention, given known constraints and preferential weights. Studies using SCP approaches have proliferated due to their immediate relevance for applied conservation. For example, they can help...
Preprint
Full-text available
Systematic conservation planning (SCP) is an operational and scientific framework that assists in deciding where, how and when to implement conservation intervention, given known constraints and preferential weights. Studies using SCP approaches have proliferated due to their immediate relevance for applied conservation. For example, they can help...
Article
Full-text available
The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) requires airlines to offset their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions above 2019 levels by either buying carbon offsets or using Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs). These are drop-in jet fuels made from biomass or other renewable resources that reduce GHG emissions by at least...
Preprint
Full-text available
The expansion of area-based conservation measures, such as protection and restoration efforts, as well as the design of multi-functional green and blue infrastructure, are widely seen as instrumental in halting or reversing further biodiversity decline. Europe has a long history of protection for biodiversity such as through the Natura 2000 program...
Preprint
The Nature Futures Framework (NFF) is a novel tool for the development of positive scenarios centred on the relationship of nature and people, emphasising biodiversity as part of the solution to environmental challenges across various spatial and temporal scales, explicitly addressing a plurality of values for nature. In this work, we describe the...
Preprint
Full-text available
The extent and intactness of natural ecosystems is a key factor enabling species populations to thrive. However, the distribution of ecosystems is changing owing to both climatic and anthropogenic factors. Recently negotiated European policy directives, such as the Nature Restoration Law, argue for the restoration of natural ecosystems. Yet to dete...
Article
Full-text available
Aim Habitat loss is the dominant cause of biodiversity decline around the world, yet the complexity and stability of terrestrial assemblages related to suitable habitats have been almost unknown on a global scale. Location Global. Time Period Contemporary. Major Taxa Studied Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia. Methods We constructed gridded map...
Article
Full-text available
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species underpins much decision-making in conservation and plays a key role in monitoring the status and trends of biodiversity. However, the shortage of funds and assessor capacity slows the uptake of novel data and techniques, hampering its currency, applicability, consistency and long-term viability. To help addre...
Article
Full-text available
Expanding and managing current habitat and species protection measures is at the heart of the European biodiversity strategy. A structured approach is needed to gain insights into such issues is systematic conservation planning, which uses techniques from decision theory to identify places and actions that contribute most effectively to policy obje...
Article
Full-text available
Mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer use is essential to maintain high-yielding cropping systems that presently provide food for nearly half of humanity. Simultaneously, it causes a range of detrimental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, and contamination of drinking water. There is growing recognition of the need to balance crop...
Preprint
Full-text available
Opportunity costs, the foregone economic benefits from alternative activities or uses of a resource on a particular site, represent one of multiple options to approximate costs of nature conservation and can be used alongside biodiversity and ecosystem services data in spatial conservation prioritisation analyses. However, such cost data are not ye...
Article
Full-text available
The article presents results of using remote sensing images and machine learning to map and assess land potential based on time-series of potential Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) composites. Land potential here refers to the potential vegetation productivity in the hypothetical absence of short–term anthropogenic i...
Article
Full-text available
Food production is at the heart of global sustainability challenges, with unsustainable practices being a major driver of biodiversity loss, emissions and land degradation. The concept of foodscapes, defined as the characteristics of food production along biophysical and socio-economic gradients, could be a way addressing those challenges. By ident...
Article
Full-text available
Comparative extinction risk analysis—which predicts species extinction risk from correlation with traits or geographical characteristics—has gained research attention as a promising tool to support extinction risk assessment in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, its uptake has been very limited so far, possibly because existing model...
Preprint
Full-text available
Nature-based climate solutions, such as forest landscape restoration, offer a promising approach to mitigate the effects of global climate change, conserve biodiversity, and enhance rural livelihoods. Heinrich et al. (Nature, 2023) used satellite observation products to assess rates and drivers of aboveground carbon accumulation in tropical recover...
Presentation
Full-text available
6 page overview of the LAMASUS project, consortium, purpose and expected outputs
Preprint
Full-text available
The paper presents results of using remote sensing time series and machine learning to map and assess land potential based on time-series of potential Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) composites. Monthly aggregated FAPAR time series of three percentiles (0.05, 0.50 and 0.95 probability) at 250 m spatial resolution we...
Preprint
Full-text available
The paper presents results of using remote sensing images and machine learning to map and assess land potential based on time-series of potential Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) composites. Land potential here refers to the potential vegetation productivity in the hypothetical absence of short–term anthropogenic inf...
Preprint
Full-text available
The European Union is committed to achieving ambitious area-based conservation and restoration targets in the upcoming decade. Yet, there is concern that these targets may conflict with societal needs, particularly food and timber production. Ensuring that competing demands for land are balanced, while the underlying objectives of these targets to...
Preprint
Full-text available
Although variation in effect sizes and predicted values among studies of similar phenomena is inevitable, such variation far exceeds what might be produced by sampling error alone. One possible explanation for variation among results is differences among researchers in the decisions they make regarding statistical analyses. A growing array of studi...
Article
Full-text available
Despite being central to the implementation of conservation policies, the usefulness of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species is hampered by the 14% of species classified as data‐deficient (DD) because information to evaluate these species’ extinction risk was lacking when they were last assessed o...
Article
Full-text available
The restoration of tree cover has been placed at the top of international policy agendas, yet often, the ‘type’ of restored forests can be widely different, with consequences for biodiversity and livelihoods. Here we used a map of forest management types to assess the extent of managed forests in recent tree cover gains globally. We call on policym...
Preprint
Full-text available
Expanding and managing current habitat and species protection measures is at the heart of the European biodiversity strategy. A structured approach to gain insights into such issues is systematic conservation planning, which utilizes techniques from decision theory to identify places and actions that contribute most effectively to policy objectives...
Article
Full-text available
Tropical and subtropical dry woodlands are rich in biodiversity and carbon. Yet, many of these woodlands are under high deforestation pressure and remain weakly protected. Here, we assessed how deforestation dynamics relate to areas of woodland protection and to conservation priorities across the world's tropical dry woodlands. Specifically, we cha...
Preprint
Full-text available
Comparative extinction risk analysis – which predicts species extinction risk from correlation with traits or geographical characteristics – has gained research attention as a promising tool to support extinction risk assessment in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, its uptake has been very limited so far, possibly because these mode...
Preprint
Full-text available
Most knowledge about species and habitats is in-homogeneously distributed, with biases existing in space, time and taxonomic and functional knowledge. Yet, controversially the total amount of biodiversity data has never been greater. A key challenge is thus how to make effective use of the various sources of biodiversity data in an integrated manne...
Technical Report
Full-text available
Citation: United Nations Environment Programme (2022). Strengthening Synergies: Climate change mitigation benefits from achieving global biodiversity targets. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge. Key messages: 1. Well-directed action to conserve and restore biodiversity in line with the targets bein...
Preprint
Full-text available
The production of food is at the heart of global sustainability challenges, with unsustainable practices being a major driver of biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions, water overextraction, and land degradation. The concept of foodscapes, defined as the characteristics of food production along biophysical and socio-economic gradients, could p...
Article
Full-text available
Background Biodiversity varies in space and time, and often in response to environmental heterogeneity. Indicators in the form of local biodiversity measures–such as species richness or abundance–are common tools to capture this variation. The rise of readily available remote sensing data has enabled the characterization of environmental heterogene...
Article
Full-text available
Several safe boundaries of critical Earth system processes have already been crossed due to human perturbations; not accounting for their interactions may further narrow the safe operating space for humanity. Using expert knowledge elicitation, we explored interactions among seven variables representing Earth system processes relevant to food produ...
Article
Full-text available
Aim Many vertebrate species globally are dependent on forests, most of which require active protection to safeguard global biodiversity. Forests, however, are increasingly either being disturbed, planted or managed in the form of timber or food plantations. Because of a lack of spatial data, forest management has commonly been ignored in previous c...
Article
Full-text available
Spatially explicit information on forest management at a global scale is critical for understanding the status of forests, for planning sustainable forest management and restoration, and conservation activities. Here, we produce the first reference data set and a prototype of a globally consistent forest management map with high spatial detail on t...
Article
Full-text available
Global biodiversity is rapidly declining, and goals to halt biodiversity loss, such as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, have not been achieved. To avoid further biodiversity loss, area-based protection will form part of new biodiversity targets. We use a state-of-the-art global land-use model, the Land System Modular Model, to explore global and reg...
Preprint
Full-text available
The majority of vertebrate species globally are dependent on forests, most of which require active protection to safeguard global biodiversity. Forests, however, are increasingly either being disturbed, planted or managed in the form of timber or food plantations. Because of a lack of spatial data, forest management has commonly been ignored in pre...
Preprint
Full-text available
Biodiversity varies in space and time, and often in response to environmental heterogeneity. Indicators in the form of local biodiversity measures, such as species richness or abundance, are common tools to capture this variation. The rise of readily available remote sensing data has enabled the characterization of environmental heterogeneity in a...
Article
Full-text available
Deforestation contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions and must be reduced if the 1.5°C limit to global warming is to be realized. Protected areas represent one intervention for decreasing forest loss and aiding conservation efforts, yet there is intense human pressure on at least one-third of protected areas globally. There have been numerou...
Preprint
Full-text available
Several safe boundaries of critical Earth system processes have already been crossed by human perturbations. Recent research indicates that not accounting for the interactions between these processes may further narrow the safe operating space for humanity. Yet existing work accounts only for transgression of single boundaries and only a few studie...
Article
Full-text available
Human activities are altering the structure of ecosystems, compromising the benefits they provide to nature and people. Effective conservation actions and management under ongoing global change rely on a better understanding of socio-ecological patterns and processes across broad spatiotemporal scales. Both macroecology and conservation science con...
Preprint
Full-text available
Global biodiversity is rapidly declining and goals to halt biodiversity loss, such as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, have not been achieved. To avoid further biodiversity loss and aid recovery some have argued for the protection of 50% or 30% of the Earth’s terrestrial land surface. We use a state of the art global land use model, LandSyMM, to ass...
Technical Report
Full-text available
The essential contribution of nature to addressing climate change provides an opportunity to strengthen the links between the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity. As we move towards the next Conferences of the Parties of both Conventions, there is a need to assess explicitly the role of n...
Article
Full-text available
Increased efforts are required to prevent further losses to terrestrial biodiversity and the ecosystem services that it provides1,2. Ambitious targets have been proposed, such as reversing the declining trends in biodiversity³; however, just feeding the growing human population will make this a challenge⁴. Here we use an ensemble of land-use and bi...
Preprint
Full-text available
paragraph To meet the ambitious objectives of biodiversity and climate conventions, countries and the international community require clarity on how these objectives can be operationalized spatially, and multiple targets be pursued concurrently ¹ . To support governments and political conventions, spatial guidance is needed to identify which areas...
Article
Full-text available
Most land on Earth has been changed by humans and past changes of land can have lasting influences on current species assemblages. Yet few globally representative studies explicitly consider such influences even though auxiliary data, such as from remote sensing, are readily available. Time series of satellite-derived data have been commonly used t...
Article
Agricultural conversion of tropical forests is a major driver of biodiversity loss. Slowing rates of deforestation is a conservation priority, but it is also useful to consider how species diversity is retained across the agricultural matrix. Here, we assess how bird diversity varies in relation to land use in the Taita Hills, Kenya. We used point...
Article
Land-use change is the single biggest driver of biodiversity loss in the tropics. Biodiversity models can be useful tools to inform policymakers and conservationists of the likely response of species to anthropogenic pressures, including land-use change. However, such models generalize biodiversity responses across wide areas and many taxa, potenti...
Article
Full-text available
The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used t...