Martin Hilmi

The article is a stocktaking and reflection of research conducted over a two decade period in developing economies on agri-food marketing, set in bottom of the pyramid-subsistence market contexts. The article is based on previously published research provided by the author, research work conducted that was not published formally and publicly, and o...

The research was provided using a qualitative research approach, based on both literature and sources of secondary data and information, and primary data and information found within, for example case studies, and all such being analysed via thematic analysis. The research is structured via introducing the context of negotiations, and then addressi...

The overall aim of the research was to attempt to understand how has Iranian cultural diplomacy reshaped relations with the West since 1979. The technical report is structured with an introduction that caters for the research’s rationale, limitations, aim and objectives, and background that covers public diplomacy (PD), CD and soft power. The secon...

The main aim of the research was to attempt to ascertain how gender mainstreaming (GM) global public policy (GPP) could possibly disguise other inequities. The report provides initially a background on the main subjects related to the aim, how these are interrelated, and provides some of the preliminary matters that concern gender, GM and how GM GP...

The technical report first delineates what is welfare, social welfare, equality, inequality and development. It then considers inequality in the MENA region from a ‘secular’ perspective. It then turns to consider inequality within the Islamic religion per se, and then considers inequality in the MENA region from an Islamic social welfare perspectiv...

This article is within the same stream as previous research conducted on Iranian gastro-diplomacy. The main aim of the research was to attempt to ascertain if Iranian culinary enterprises in foreign countries do contribute to Iranian gastro-diplomacy. An initial 'baseline' of gastro-diplomacy practices was ascertained from literature. This was then...

International trade has always been a main stay in diplomatic relations between countries and so much so that diplomacy and international trade go hand in hand. Over the past decades there has been a surge in international and global trade that has not been seen previously in history. In particular there has been a growth in international agri-food...

The main aim of the research was focused on attempting to appraise, assess and diagnose the entrepreneurial marketing characteristics and practices of street food vendors in Tehran, Iran. The research was qualitative, abductive, systematic, exploratory and descriptive in nature. It was based on two researches and reviews of literature and sources o...

The research had as its main aim to consider the role and importance of Persian cuisine in diplomacy (gastro-diplomacy) within the context of Iranian foreign policy. The research considered the Iranian context in terms of the economy, society, culture, politics and agri-food sector and its foreign policy and public diplomacy. It also considered the...

The aim of the research was to attempt to better understand the sharing economy practice in developing countries using as a case, agricultural mechanization hire service enterprises (AMHSEs). The research was based on literature and sources of secondary data and information. The research identified 35 characteristics of the sharing economy and used...

The main aim of the research was to attempt to asses, appraise and diagnose entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship typologies in agricultural mechanization hire service enterprises (AMHSEs) in developing economies. The research identified 24 characteristics of AMHSE entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship, and these provided that AMHSEs commonly have a 'mix...

The main aim of the research was to identify, ascertain and better understand the practices of agri-food marketing in BOP-SM in developing economies. The research was based on previous researches conducted by the author on agri-food marketing in bottom of the pyramid-subsistence markets (BOP-SM) in developing economies; over two decades of knowledg...

The main aim of the research was to identify agri-food marketing characteristics in bottom of the pyramid-subsistence markets in developing economies. The research was based on previous studies conducted on the subject matter by the author and was further augmented by an in-depth literature and sources of secondary data and information research and...

Tomatoes are cultivated and marketed in many countries around the world, they have considerable consumer acceptance and can be consumed with many foods. Tomato production not only requires better cultivation practices to ensure tomato supply, uphold food safety and quality, and feed ever growing populations, but also better tomato marketing practic...

The main aim of the research was to consider the rural and urban marketing components, if any, within agri-food marketing in bottom of the pyramid-substance markets in developing countries. The research considered rural and urban contexts in bottom of the pyramid-substance markets in developing countries. The research also considered agri-food mark...

Agri-food marketing in developing countries is usually seen from a micromarketing perspective, and to a relatively lesser degree, from a macromarketing perspective. However, there is also another perspective within agri-food marketing that is mesomarketing. In this regard, the research attempted to further research the realm of agri-food mesomarket...

This publication has been conceived and written to support the development of micro and small-scale enterprises that operate in the bee products sector. It is mainly for commercial micro and small-scale enterprises. It is also intended for encouraging micro-scale beekeepers that may just be starting to become more commercial. What is covered in the...

The main aim of the research was to attempt to ascertain, assess and diagnose the characteristic similarities between agri-food marketing specifically in the bottom of the pyramid-subsistence markets (BOP-SM) and digital marketing. The research found a total of 33 characteristics that were identical or similar between agri-food marketing in BOP-SM...

The aim of the research was to attempt to ascertain and better understand the marketing practices of agricultural mechanization hire service enterprises (AMHSEs) in development contexts. The research approach taken was mainly qualitative and abductive. It took an exploratory, historical and descriptive approach and was based on two literature resea...

Green food value chain development: The way forward. Concept note: 2021

The green food value chain development (GFVCD) approach has its foundations in the green, circular and low-carbon economies as well as within green growth. It was developed, mainly, with a 'bottom-up' approach focused on realism. The thrust of the process was and is to partner with bottom of the pyramid (BOP)/subsistence marketplaces (SM) stakehold...

Agricultural mechanization hire service enterprises (AMHSEs) tend to be seen mainly as business enterprises that operate on servicing farm production operations and other services along the agri-food value chain. But what type of enterprise is an AMHSE and can it be considered as a business enterprise only or can it be defined in terms of other typ...

The main aim of the research was to attempt to better understand agripreneurship and agripreneurs' characteristics in small-scale farming in Iraq. This involved researching the small-scale farm as an enterprise as well as focusing on a common farm enterprise: agricultural mechanization hire service enterprises. The nature of the research taken was...

The Consultative Meeting provided a platform to discuss SAM in general, SAM strategies and implementation options, experiences and recommended concrete lines of future action for SSA. Lessons learned from Asia and past experiences in SSA were presented, as well as various models for SAM collaboration and diffusion in SSA. This platform allowed to b...

This workbook is a companion to the Farm Business Plan handbook. It provides a step by step workbook that can be used by farmers for developing their own farm business plan.

This handbook is a step by step guide, with its companion workbook, to support farmers in developing their farm as a business. It provides an easy to read and easy to use guide that supports developing farming as a business. The handbook is divided into two sections: Section A will help in defining the current business situation of the farm, while...

La tomate est une des cultures les plus répandues à travers le monde. C’est une source importante de vitamines ainsi qu’une culture de rente importante pour les petits exploitants et pour les agriculteurs/trices commerciaux qui ont une exploitation moyenne. Cet Agrodok est axé sur les bonnes pratiques qui permettent de faire pousser une culture sai...

L’objectif de ce guide est de fournir aux acteurs locaux un cadre conceptuel, des méthodologies et des exemples concrets pour la promotion et la préservation des produits de qualité liée à l’origine et pour la mise en oeuvre d’une démarche IG. Le présent guide propose une approche en quatre étapes pour renforcer le cercle vertueux de qualité liée à...

El objetivo de la presente guía, fruto de experiencias de campo de la FAO y de la red de investigación SINERGI en todo el mundo, es ofrecer a los actores locales un marco conceptual, ejemplos y metodologías concretas para la promoción y la preservación de productos de calidad vinculada al origen y la implementación de IG. En la guía se propone un p...

Résumé Selon de récentes estimations, les pertes et le gaspillage alimentaires représentent en Méditerranée un coût de plus de 50 milliards de dollars par an pour les producteurs. Ces pertes étant le plus souvent attribuées au manque d’infrastructures adaptées, il apparaît nécessaire de mettre rapidement en place des chaînes de valeur alimentaires...

The publication provides a report on the outcomes of the green food value chain development knowledge exchange forum held in FAO, HQ, Rome, Italy, in 2015. The forum was attended by a diverse group of participants deriving from international governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), public sector organizations, resea...

The research was conducted to ascertain, assess and diagnose street food vendors' entrepreneurial marketing characteristics and practices in BOP/subsistence marketplaces and what lessons could be leant that may be of use to improve food marketing in BOP/subsistence marketplaces. The research was conducted via a qualitative abductive research method...

The main objective of the research was to investigate further, via literature, secondary sources of data and information and field work conducted in one city, Erbil, Iraq, the climate smarting of local food systems considering the rural, peri-urban and urban context. The research in particular focused on looking at climate smarting local food value...

This training programme has been developed to support personnel who deliver training to agri-food value chain actors (farmers, traders, processors, retailers, etc.) and other value chain stakeholders ( public service employees, IGOs, NGOs etc.). The ultimate objective of this training is to increase and enhance the training competencies of trainers...

Hire services have the potential of providing improved livelihoods to small-scale farmers the world over. These services can reduce drudgery, expand or intensify crop production, contributing to food security, reduce production, post-harvest and marketing costs and increase smallholder incomes. The booklet is intended to raise awareness and promot...

Growing fruit requires only only a small plot of land, commonly a home garden, some labor and minimal capital. The food enterprise can provide a plethora of products: fresh fruit, jam, juices, chutneys and pickles. By-products can be used for fermented products such as fruit wines, fruit waste can be used of animal feeds. while fruit seeds and nuts...

This booklet is targeted at public and private advisory services providing support to rural communities, in particular advisers in developing and enhancing revenue-generating rural enterprises for farmers. The booklet focuses on promoting transport and traction services s a viable diversification enterprise for smallholders farmers and others in ru...

The green food value chain development approach was designed to allow for adaptability, flexibility and morphing in the most diverse local circumstances and contexts that are found globally. As such, the approach considers and attempts to learn from the over four billion people, who live and work in the bottom of the economic pyramid: a bottom-up p...

The foundations of the research conducted rest in the realms of the green economy, the circular economy and green growth. It considers in particular green food value chain development in rural, peri-urban and urban bottom-of-the pyramid (BOP) contexts. The BOP refers to the circa four (4) billion people of the world population earning between US$1...

This series of articles concern bee products marketing in tropical and sub tropical countries. In such countries beekeeping methods vary widely dependent on ecological conditions of each area and hence marketing methods of bee products will vary accordingly. Cleary such a vast and diverse set of readers will imply that there will be situations in w...

Nowadays, the distance that food travels from producer to consumer has increased as a result of food trade globalisation. Consequently, the upkeep of safety and quality along the food value chain is becoming a significant challenge. The twenty-two countries bordering the Mediterranean represent, in terms of value, almost 23% of the global trade in...

The article considers the potential agricultural mechanization hire services have as a viable business option. It is based mainly on empirical studies conducted in various countries. It points out the challenges to setting up such an enterprise, the necessity to conduct a feasibility study to set up such an enterprise and the importance of marketin...

Agricultural mechanization hire enterprises, commonly known as hire services, are service businesses that provide human, animal and mechanical-driven power technologies and equipment services. Much has been documented over the decades about such services at the farm level, but little has been documented on the role that hire services can have in su...

Cultivation of tomato

G r o w i n g veg e t a b l e s f o r h o m e and m a r k e t

Selling street and snack foods

Augmenting the production of laying chickens and improving farmers’ returns by effective production planning and marketing will improve farm incomes. Laying chickens are prolific, easy to raise and adaptable to various climates and altitudes and are an excellent diversification activity for small farmers. Poultry raising can often be combined with...

Nowadays, the distance that food travels from producer to consumer has increased as a result of food trade globalisation. Consequently, the upkeep of safety and quality along the food value chain is becoming a significant challenge. The twenty-two countries bordering the Mediterranean represent, in terms of value, almost 23% of the global trade in...

There have always been people in communities the world over who keep bees for their products and services that they offer. Bees produce numerous products, the most popular being honey, as well as beeswax. Importantly bees provide for pollination services that not only ensure a good harvest, with increased yields, but quality of the harvested produc...

Traditionally poultry is found in many communities the world over and can be, with adequate support, training and investment, a viable commercial enterprise for many small-scale farmers. As a start-up, poultry does not require large capital investments and labour needs are not excessive. Poultry can provide for a good source of nutrition for the fa...

These are the illustrations that can be used along side the farming as a business story book as part of training programmes devoted to FAB and are intended as a learning support for illiterate and semi-literate farmers.

The FAB story book can be of use to service providers in the public and private sector who are working with illiterate and semi-literate farmers. The publication is intended as a first step or introduction to FAB training. It can be used in farmer awareness and sensitization pro-grammes on FAB prior to commencing more formal FAB training pro-gramme...

The main objective of the paper was to conduct an exploratory research, using the literature review methodology, to ascertain the current status of knowledge on entrepreneurship in farming (agripreneurship) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). The literature review found many definitions of agripreneurship and who is a farmer entrepreneur (agripr...

The main objective of the research was to attempt to better understand green growth and its potential from a field-based, bottom-up perspective. The focus of the research covered commonly found greening practices of food value chain actors in bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) contexts that could potentially contribute to developing greener food value cha...

Following the introduction, Chapter 2 provides an overview of mitigation in the forest sector, addressing the handling of forests under UNFCCC. Chapters 3 to 5 focus on forest-based mitigation options – afforestation, reforestation, REDD+ and forest management – and Chapters 6 and 7 focus on wood-product based options – wood energy and green buildi...

The main aim of the study was to attempt to better understand environmentally friendly tomato post-harvest operations provided by micro- and small-scale farmers and traders in the context of bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) peri-urban and urban areas of four major cities: Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), Nairobi (Kenya), Tunis (Tunisia), and Cairo (Egypt). The...

La mécanisation offre des possibilités en matière d’intensification durable de la production, de création de valeur et de développement des systèmes alimentaires ainsi que sur les avantages inhérents qu’elle présente pour ce qui est de l’amélioration des économies et des moyens de subsistance locaux. Elle joue aussi un rôle clé dans la croissance d...

Mechanization provides opportunities for intensifying production in a sustainable manner, value addition and food systems development, and improved local economies and livelihoods. It also plays a key role in enabling the growth of commercial agrifood systems and improving the efficiency of post-harvest handling, processing and marketing operations...

Mechanization has the potential to expand production; improve timeliness of operations; widen the application of power to crop processing, irrigation and infrastructure improvement; compensate for labour shortages; and alleviate drudgery – particularly important when the greying, feminizing workforce continues to rely on the hand-hoe for primary cu...

Outlines the the Sub Sector Strategy Development Process (3SDP)

This article looks at the training methods and the training materials used to increase the business management and technical processing competencies of owner/managers in small and medium agri-food enterprises in Tanzania. Adapting training methods and materials requires an in-depth understanding of owner/manager training needs and how these can be...

The demand for agri-food products throughout the East African Community (EAC) region is increasing in parallel with population growth. As a result, many regional governments have recognized this issue as strategic for providing food security to national populations (as well as overall economic growth) and have prioritized the development of their n...

The case focuses on the use of mini hydro power by food processing entrepreneurs in Southern Tanzania. It covers the construction of mini hydros, how these can be environmentally, economically and socially sustainable and how further enterprises, over and above food processing, can such mini hydros provide.

Within the overall context of identifying the main factors contributing to the problems of contamination in Iranian pistachio, (the Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Aflatoxin Contamination in Iranian Pistachio Nuts [FAO/TCP/IRA/3104] project), the present study reports on a rapid supply chain appraisal conducted during November 2010. The study...

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the deli...