Martin Grosell

University of Miami | UM · Division of Marine Biology & Fisheries

Introduction: Although dozens of studies have attempted to determine the metabolic cost of osmoregulation, mainly by comparing standard metabolic rates (SMR) in fish acclimated to different salinities, consensus is still lacking. Methods: In the present study, using the Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, we aimed to determine the metabolic cost of esopha...

Crude oil is known to induce developmental defects in teleost fish exposed during early life stages (ELSs). While most studies in recent years have focused on cardiac endpoints, evidence from whole-animal transcriptomic analyses and studies with individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicate that the developing kidney (i.e., pronephros...

Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) are photopic predators that rely on vision for predator avoidance and foraging behavior. Research conducted on Mahi-mahi vision has been primarily focused on adults, with limited knowledge of the visual function and eye development in early life-stages. In this study, larval Mahi-mahi were obtained from spawning wild...

We examined copper accumulation in the hemolymph, gills and hepatopancreas, and hemolymph osmolality, Na+ and Cl− concentrations, together with gill Na+/K+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase activities, after dietary copper delivery (0, 100 or 500 Cu µg g−1) for 12 days in a fiddler crab, Minuca rapax. In contaminated crabs, copper concentration decreas...

Estuarine crocodiles Crocodylus porosus inhabit freshwater, estuarine and marine environments. Despite being known to undertake extensive movements throughout and between hypo- and hyperosmotic environments, little is known on the role of the cloaca in coping with changes in salinity. In addition to the well-documented functional plasticity of the...

Many ecologically important fishes, including mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), and their offspring were directly exposed to crude oil following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Early life stage fish are especially vulnerable to the toxicity of crude oil-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In teleosts, yolk sac proteins are the ma...

The mechanism(s) of ammonia and urea excretion in freshwater fish have received considerable attention; however, parallel investigations of seawater fish, specifically in the early life stages are scarce. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the patterns of ammonia and urea excretion in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) up to 102 hours p...

In this study, we performed a systematic evaluation of global microRNA-mRNA interactions associated with the developmental toxicity of Deepwater Horizon oil using a combination of integrated mRNA and microRNA deep sequencing, expression profiling, gene ontology enrichment, and functional predictions by a series of advanced bioinformatic tools. Afte...

Neurosensory and behavioural disruptions are some of the most consistently reported responses upon exposure to ocean acidification-relevant CO2 levels, especially in coral reef fishes. The underlying cause of these disruptions is thought to be altered current across the GABAA receptor in neuronal cells due to changes in ion gradients (HCO3− and/or...

Energetic costs associated with ion and acid-base regulation in response to ocean acidification have been predicted to decrease the energy available to fish for basic life processes. However, the low cost of ion regulation (6–15% of standard metabolic rate) and inherent variation associated with whole-animal metabolic rate measurements have made it...

Most marine teleosts defend blood pH during high CO2 exposure by sustaining elevated levels of HCO3- in body fluids. In contrast to the gill, where measures are taken to achieve net base retention, elevated CO2 leads to base loss in the intestine of marine teleosts studied to date. This loss is thought to occur through transport pathways previously...

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill contaminated the spawning habitats for numerous commercially and ecologically important fishes. Exposure to the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of oil from the spill has been shown to cause cardiac toxicity during early developmental stages across fishes. To better understand the molecular initiation events a...

The Gulf of Mexico ecosystem is a hotspot for biological diversity and supports a number of industries, from tourism to fishery production to oil and gas exploration, that serve as the economic backbone of Gulf coast states. The Gulf is a natural hydrocarbon basin, rich with stores of oil and gas that lie in reservoirs deep beneath the seafloor. Th...

The response of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPX and glutathione reductase, GR) and non-enzymatic responses (glutathione, GSH, oxidized glutathione, GSSG and GSH/GSSG) against acute Cu toxicity (2–90 μg/mL for 48 h) in different tissues of Lymnaea stagnalis were measured. Incubation conditions for enz...

Teleosts living in seawater continually absorb water across the intestine to compensate for branchial water loss to the environment. The present study reveals that the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) rectum plays a comparable role to the posterior intestine in ion and water absorption. However, the posterior intestine appears to rely more on SLC26a6 (...

The temporal and geographic attributes of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident in 2010 likely exposed pelagic gamefish species, such as mahi-mahi, to DWH crude oil. While much of the research assessing the effects of the spill has focused on early life stages of fish, studies examining whole-animal physiological responses of adult marine fish speci...

The first study to investigate the time-course transcriptomic responses in marine fish embryos exposed to two types of DWH oil.  Slick and Mass oil exposure induced similar transcriptional responses at early developmental stages, but transcript profiles were different at later developmental stages in mahi.  Informatic analyses with TOPPGene, Adva...

To better understand the impact of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident on commercially and ecologically important pelagic fish species, a mahi-mahi spawning program was developed to assess the effect of embryonic exposure to DWH crude oil with particular emphasis on the effects of weathering and dispersant on the magnitude of toxicity. Acute letha...

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in the accidental release of millions barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Photo-induced toxicity following co-exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one mechanism by which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil spills may exert toxicity. Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), an importa...

The gut sac is a long-standing, widely used in vitro preparation for studying solute and water transport, and calculation of these fluxes requires an accurate assessment of volume. This is commonly determined gravimetrically by measuring the change in mass over time. While convenient this likely under-estimates actual net water flux (Jv) due to tis...

Crude oils from distinct geological sources worldwide are toxic to developing fish hearts. When oil spills occur in fish spawning habitats, natural resource injury assessments often rely on conventional morphometric analyses of heart form and function. The extent to which visible indicators correspond to molecular markers for cardiovascular stress...

The osmorespiratory compromise, the trade-off between the requirements for respiratory and ionoregulatory homeostasis at the gills, becomes more intense during environmental hypoxia. One aspect which has been previously overlooked is possible change in transepithelial potential (TEP) caused by hypoxia which will influence branchial ionic fluxes. Us...

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most abundant proteins found in vertebrate erythrocytes with the majority of species expressing a low activity CA I and high activity CA II. However, several phylogenetic gaps remain in our understanding of the expansion of cytoplasmic CA in vertebrate erythrocytes. In particular, very little is known about iso...

The guanylin family of peptides are effective regulators of intestinal physiology in marine teleosts. In the distal intestinal segments, they inhibit or reverse fluid absorption by inhibiting the absorptive short-circuit current (Isc). The present findings demonstrate that mRNA from guanylin and uroguanylin, as well as at least one isoform of the g...

It is well known that marine fish must drink seawater to compensate for continual water loss caused by their dehydrating environment. Intestinal water absorption is linked to substantial intestinal base excretion. Previous research has shown that fish transferred to hypersalinity experience a perturbation in acid-base balance. The gill may play an...

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts were exposed to one of the four different aerobic exercise regimens for 10 weeks followed by a 1 week final smoltification period in fresh water and a subsequent eight-day seawater transfer period. Samples of gill and intestinal tissue were taken at each time point and gene expression was used to assess the effect...

Most fish studied to date efficiently compensate for a hypercapnic acid-base disturbance; however, many recent studies examining the effects of ocean acidification on fish have documented impacts at CO2 levels predicted to occur before the end of this century. Notable impacts on neurosensory and behavioral endpoints, otolith growth, mitochondrial f...

The physiological effects of guanylin (GN) and uroguanylin (UGN) on fluid and electrolyte transport in the teleost fish intestine have yet to be thoroughly investigated. In the present study, the effects of GN, UGN, and renoguanylin (RGN; a GN and UGN homolog) on short-circuit current (ISC) and the transport of Cl(-), Na(+), bicarbonate (HCO3 (-)),...

The Deepwater Horizon incident likely resulted in exposure of commercially and ecologically important fish species to crude oil during the sensitive early life stages. We show that brief exposure of a water accommodated fraction of oil from the spill to mahi-mahi as juveniles, or as embryos/larvae that were then raised for ∼25 days to juveniles, re...

The article discusses advances in osmoregulation and excretion with emphasis on how multicellular animals in different osmotic environments regulate their milieu intérieur. Mechanisms of energy transformations in animal osmoregulation are dealt with in biophysical terms with respect to water and ion exchange across biological membranes and coupling...

Significance The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (MC252) disaster in the northern Gulf of Mexico released more than 4 million barrels of crude oil. Oil rose from the ocean floor to the surface where many large pelagic fish spawn. Here we describe the impacts of field-collected oil samples on the rapidly developing embryos of warm-water predators, including...

While it is increasingly being recognized that biotic ligand models (BLM) are valuable in the risk assessment of metals in aquatic systems, the development of chronic BLMs for lead (Pb) has been less advanced than for other metals. Here, we investigated the univariate effects of Ca and pH on chronic reproductive toxicity of Pb to Ceriodaphnia dubia...

A radiotracer approach using diets labeled with (22)Na(+), (36)Cl(-), and [(14)C]polyethylene-4000 (PEG-4000) was employed to investigate the role of intestinal uptake from the food in ion homeostasis in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). This euryhaline teleost lacks both a stomach and a capacity for Cl(-) uptake at the gills in freshwater. PE...

This study provided an initial characterization of Na + uptake in saline freshwater by the endangered pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius. This species occurs only in several saline water systems in the southwestern USA and northern Mexico, where salinity is largely controlled by water-management practices. Consequently, understanding the osmoregulatory...

The euryhaline fish Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Cvv) is capable of tolerating ambient salinities ranging from 0.3 to 167 g l-1 , but incapable of long-term survival in freshwater (< 2 mM Na+ ). However, a population of this species, now designated as a subspecies (Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi; Cvh), has been isolated in several freshwater (0....

The weatherloach, Misgurnus angulliacaudatus, is an intestinal air-breathing, freshwater fish that has the unique ability to excrete ammonia through gut volatilization when branchial and cutaneous routes are compromised during high environmental ammonia or air exposure. We hypothesized that transepithelial gut NH(4)(+) transport is facilitated by a...

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