Martin Drapeau

McGill University | McGill · Counselling psychology & Psychiatry

Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders in Canada. Viable therapy options for the treatment of SAD include CBT being delivered virtually. In Australia, an innovative internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) program for social anxiety has been developed, implemented, and demonstrated as e...

Introduction Depressive symptoms, goal progress, and goal characteristics are interrelated, but the directionality of these relationships is unclear. Methods In a 6‐wave longitudinal study ( N = 431; 2002 total surveys), we examine the bidirectionality of the relationships between depressive symptoms, goal characteristics (commitment, self‐efficac...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid availability of evidence to respond in a timely manner to the needs of practice settings and decision-makers in health and social services. Now that the pandemic is over, it is time to put in place actions to improve the capacity of systems to meet knowledge needs in a situation of crisis. Th...

Anxiety disorders have been on the rise among adolescents over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have contributed to this increase, putting further pressure on often already overburdened health systems. Universal prevention programs may offer a potential solution, but few have been evaluated in the context of a pandemic. The objecti...

Objective Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are evidence‐based tools well‐suited to translate the latest research evidence into recommendations for routine clinical care. Given the rapid expansion of psychosocial oncology research, they represent a key opportunity for informing the treatment decisions of overburdened clinicians, standardizing ser...

Context Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychopathologies for children and adolescents in Quebec. The prevalence of anxiety disorders is very high and has been affecting a growing number of young people for the past 10 years. It is possible to observe an increased number of anxiety prevention programs for young people around the worl...

Introduction. Depression is related to poor achievement and impacts people's capacity to attain their goals (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Johnson et al., 2010; Street, 2002). But do depressive symptoms impact goal pursuit differently depending on the kinds of goals that people pursue? Methods. Across three studies (total N = 666 undergra...

Background Several studies conducted since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic have shown its harmful effects on young people’s mental health. In Québec and Canada, few studies have focussed on adolescents, and even fewer of these studies have examined this subject using a methodology that involved comparisons of data obtained before and during...

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been around for decades in medicine and have more recently made their way into the field of psychology and social sciences. They are designed to provide clinicians with up-to-date scientific evidence on various practices and offer recommendations that are grounded in science to guide clinical practices and i...

Rationale, aims and objectives: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) have been shown to improve healthcare services and clinical outcomes. However, they are useful resources only to the degree that they are developed according to the most rigorous standards. Multiple studies have demonstrated significant variability between CPGs with regard to spec...

Background The integration of a personal recovery-oriented practice in mental health services is an emerging principle in policy planning. Self-management support (SMS) is an intervention promoting recovery that aims at educating patients on the nature of their mental disorder, improving their strategies to manage their day-to-day symptoms, fosteri...

This brief report addresses the attitudes of psychotherapy providers and North American psychology regulatory leaders toward evidence-based practice (EBP) precepts as applied to their psychotherapy practices. Secondary descriptive analyses of a two-phase survey concerning these attitudes of Canadian psychotherapy providers (n = 684) and psychology...

The development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines has flourished over the past two decades. Unfortunately, many studies have found that the quality of such guidelines is highly variable (Alonso-Coello et al. in Qual Safe Health Care 19:e58, 2010; MacQueen et al. in Can J Psychiatry 62:11–23, 2016); research suggests that some of th...

La formation continue (FC) est une pratique valorisée et grandement encouragée parmi les professions d’assistance. Toutefois, il existe peu de recherches sur les pratiques en matière de FC parmi les psychologues au Canada. En particulier, il demeure incertain si le fait de rendre la FC obligatoire, au lieu de rester facultative, a des effets positi...

Si l’accent actuel sur la culture de la victimisation nuit clairement à la société dans toutes ses dimensions, il est temps de changer nos stratégies et de les orienter vers des pédagogies et des thérapies véritablement pluralistes qui sollicitent une vision positive de l’identité collective et de la richesse du dialogue avec l’autre. À la lumière...

Interest in the development and promotion of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) continues to grow in many professions. However, the potential benefits associated with CPGs are dependent upon their quality. A number of studies have shown that the quality of CPGs varies greatly. Furthermore, the quality of many of the CPGs used in health and social...

Introduction In response to the treatment gap for anxiety and depressive disorders, psychological treatments with innovative modalities and high implementation potential are essential. Internet CBT (iCBT) is a cost/effective approach that could improve access to a low-intensity evidence-based CBT intervention. Objectives To assess the feasibility...

The development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines has flourished over the past two decades. Unfortunately, many studies have found that the quality of such guidelines is highly variable (Alonso-Coello et al. in Qual Safe Health Care 19:e58, 2010; MacQueen et al. in Can J Psychiatry 62:11–23, 2016); research suggests that some of th...

In this article, Canadian psychotherapy researchers and teachers review the state of psychodynamic therapy (PDT) in Canada. We review the ways in which PDT has been implemented, developed and researched within the public and private sector, and how psychoanalytic and psychodynamic practitioners regionally have responded to the challenges of evidenc...

Rationale, aims, and objectives: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have become a common feature in the health and social care fields, as they promote evidence-based practice and aim to improve quality of care and patient outcome. However, the benefits of the recommendations reported in CPGs are only as good as the quality of the CPGs themselves....

Background: Melanoma can be lethal if not detected early and treated. Early detection can be facilitated via skin self-examination (SSE) and as such, SSE is part of melanoma follow-up care for individuals with a prior history, who face a life-long risk of reoccurrence. The objective of the current study was to identify short- and long-term predict...

Background Melanoma can be lethal if not detected early and treated. Early detection can be facilitated via skin self-examination (SSE) and as such, SSE is part of melanoma follow-up care for individuals with a prior history, who face a life-long risk of reoccurrence. The objective of the current study was to identify short- and long-term predictor...

This comprehensive review examined the continuing education (CE) training offered to psychologists by the Ordre des Psychologues du Québec (OPQ [College of Psychologists of Québec]). The aim was to determine the extent to which the CE workshops advertised by the OPQ promote evidence-based practices. All 26 psychotherapies that advertised for traini...

Background Despite the increasing attention given to evidence-based practice, little research has focused on the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) involving psychotherapy. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the quality of national CPGs for psychological treatments for depression in European countries. Methods A search of th...

Background Melanoma can be lethal if not detected early and treated. Early detection can be facilitated via skin self-examination (SSE) and as such, SSE is part of melanoma follow-up care for individuals with a prior history, who face a life-long risk of reoccurrence. The objective of the current study was to identify short- and long-term predictor...

Background Melanoma can be lethal if not detected early and treated. Early detection can be facilitated via skin self-examination (SSE) and as such, SSE is part of melanoma follow-up care for individuals with a prior history, who face a life-long risk of reoccurrence. The objective of the current study was to identify short- and long-term predictor...

Background Melanoma can be lethal if not detected early and treated. Early detection can be facilitated via skin self-examination (SSE) and as such, SSE is part of melanoma follow-up care for individuals with a prior history, who face a life-long risk of reoccurrence. The objective of the current study was to identify short- and long-term predictor...

Aim of the study Interpretations are a key technique that distinguishes psychodynamic therapies from many other treatment modalities (1,37). Research has explored elements of interpretations (e.g., accuracy, timing, depth) and their impact on various variables such as patient defensive functioning, the therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome. Ho...

Une évaluation systématique des résultats et progrès des patients est essentielle pour déterminer les effets de la psychothérapie et fournir des renseignements de qualité aux thérapeutes afin que ces derniers puissent ajuster les traitements. Dans le présent rapport, nous avons examiné les recherches sur le suivi des résultats et progrès, y compris...

This study examined therapist technique and patient change in emotional experiencing and defense mechanisms in the successful and unsuccessful long-term psychoanalytic treatments of two male patients. Two consecutive sessions every 6 months were analyzed for each patient. Therapist interventions, patient defense mechanisms, and patient emotional ex...

Cogniciones Importan: El Papel de los Mediadores Cognitivos en la Mejora del Funcionamiento Interpersonal y los Síntomas de la Depresión Objetivo: Pocos estudios han examinado cómo se relacionan los procesos cognitivos con funcionamiento interpersonal en la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) para el tratamiento de la Depresión Mayor. Este estudio e...

Aim of the study This study investigated the association between therapist interventions and patient defensive functioning in low-alliance and high-alliance sessions over the course of short-term dynamic psychotherapy (STDP) (n= 22). Subject or material and methods Lag sequential analysis was used to determine if there were predictable sequences o...

Cette étude porte sur la validité prédictive du Suicide Probability Scale ( SPS ; 1988) auprès d’une population considérée à haut risque, soit des hommes adultes séjournant dans une unité psychiatrique en milieu carcéral. Dans le cadre d’une mesure de prévention du suicide mise en place au Centre Régional de Santé Mentale (CRSM), un des cinq centre...

Objective: Individuals’ use of self-statements reflecting self-criticism, a sense of inadequacy, and low self-worth has been linked to the incidence, severity, and recurrence of major depressive disorder [de Graaf, L. E., Huibers, M. J. H., Cuijpers, P., & Arntz, A. (2010). Minor and major depression in the general population: Does dysfunctional th...

The landscape of psychotherapy continues to change with the accreditation of other mental health professionals—like social workers and clinical counsellors—as psychotherapy practitioners. Data about potential similarities and differences between psychologists and psychotherapists may provide the field with a more thorough understanding of diverse a...

Few studies have examined the relationship between interpersonal functioning and coping, two constructs that have been empirically linked to depression. This study examined the association between the coping strategies most commonly used by individuals with major depressive disorder and their interpersonal functioning. These processes were examined...

While innumerable studies have demonstrated the efficacy of CBT in patients with depression, the mechanisms responsible for depression reduction are not well understood. Aim: This study explored the relationship between therapists' individual techniques and patients' symptoms of depression, cognitive errors, and coping. Of particular interest was t...

Rationale, aims, and objectives Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) endeavour to incorporate the best available research evidence together with the clinically informed opinions of leading experts in order to guide clinical practice when dealing with a given condition. There has been increased interest in CPGs that are evidence based and that promot...

Background Interpersonal theories suggest that cohesion between two individuals can be described by the degree to which they communicate harmoniously or, the complementarity, of their interactions (Gurtman, 2001; Kiesler, 1996). Friendly complementarity within therapy dyads is linked to both alliance and treatment outcome (Kiesler & Watkins, 1989;...

Many professions have developed practice guidelines that clinicians can turn to in order to inform their practice and service delivery. Medicine for example has been developing guidelines for physicians for well over a decade, and has implemented various means to disseminate those guidelines. However, in psychology as well as in other fields, the v...

This study presents a means to address therapist accuracy in CBT as it relates to discussion of cognitive errors and coping strategies. Therapist interventions from CBT therapy sessions of 43 patients with depression were identified using the Comprehensive Psychotherapeutic Interventions Rating Scale, and focus of interventions on negative or posit...

Background Cognitive and interpersonal variables are often understood to be related to the etiology and maintenance of major depression. However, few studies have examined the relationship between these two constructs. Aim This study examined the association between cognitive errors (CEs) most commonly endorsed among individuals with major depress...

Aim of the study The present study aimed to determine if there is indeed a relationship between coping flexibility, defined as an ability to use a greater variety of coping strategies, and depression scores in patients suffering from major depression Subject or material and methods The participants of this study were clinical patients undergoing c...

Biased thinking is a common feature of patients presenting with borderline personality disorder (BPD). For the treatment of BPD, it was shown that the individualizing of the treatment, by using the motive-oriented therapeutic relationship (MOTR), had a beneficial short-term effect on process and outcome. So far, it remains unclear what the role of...

Introduction Methods to assess evidence and to use that evidence to inform practices and policies are under developed in the area of social services. Although health professions have developed robust methods in recent decades to collect, analyze and synthesize scientific evidence and to inform clinical recommendations, the use of these methods ofte...

The purpose of this study was to identify the potentially distinct defense profiles of athletes in order to provide insight into the complex associations that can exist between defenses and other important variables tied to performance in sports (e.g., coping, perceived stress and control) and to further our understanding of the complexity of the a...

Inmates and individuals suffering from a mental disorder have suicide rates that are significantly higher than that of the general population. To monitor the suicidality of these individuals, a number of scales such as the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS, Cull & Gill, 1988) have been developed and are widely used in psychiatric institutions and corr...

Inmates and individuals suffering from a mental disorder have suicide rates that are significantly higher than that of the general population. To monitor the suicidality of these individuals, a number of scales such as the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS, Cull & Gill, 1988) have been developed and are widely used in psychiatric institutions and corr...

Background: Defense mechanisms are a central component of psychodynamic theory [1,2] and their interpretation is key to psychodynamic practice. Over the years, varying perspectives on dealing with patients' defense mechanisms have been outlined [3]. Aim of the study: To examine how psychodynamic therapists deal with patient defenses in their clinic...

This study aimed to examine how coping and defenses are related over time, using a two-wave cross-lagged panel design. Coping and defenses were assessed before and after a sport competition in a sample of 296 competitive athletes. Partial least squares path modeling results showed that (a) pre-competitive mature defenses predicted increases in the...

Objective: The study estimated costs and effects associated with increasing access to publicly funded psychological services for depression in a public health care system. Methods: Discrete event simulation modeled clinical events (relapse, recovery, hospitalizations, suicide attempts, and suicide), health service use, and cost outcomes over 40...

The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate a measure of defense mechanisms: the short Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-26). A total of 296 competitive athletes completed the DSQ-26 and other self-report questionnaires both before and after a sport competition. Results of Principal Component Analyses (PCA) on the pre-competitive da...

Defense mechanisms have stood the test of time as important psychodynamic constructs. Despite their importance, there has been little effort directed at consolidating theory, research, and practice for defense mechanisms. This review aimed to address this gap. More specifically, it aimed to identify and integrate different scholars’ ideas, recommen...

One of the key technical guidelines outlined by psychodynamic theorists and clinicians is for therapists to interpret a patient's most prominent defenses (Greenson, 1967; Langs, 1973). However, a debate exists about what constitutes a patient's most prominent defense and which defenses therapists actually choose to interpret in-session. This study...

This special issue of Canadian Psychology is entirely dedicated to the opportunities and challenges that we face as a profession. The issue includes articles on social media policies and guidelines for psychologists, training in statistics and quantitative methods, ethics and the so-called war on terror, medical aid in dying, and interprofessional...

Research has extensively identified common factors and their contribution to successful psychotherapeutic outcomes. However, there are various inconsistencies in the literature and much debate regarding their importance and role in therapy. As such, in this study, we examined the extent to which different common factors are important in psychothera...

In the past decade, there have been key advances in research supporting the use of tools referred to as progress monitoring (PM) measures to track client change. Given that training is central in shaping future clinical practices, it is important to determine how PM measures are being incorporated into training experiences. The current study invest...

Cognitive errors (CEs) are evidenced to be related to depressive thinking in major depressive disorder (Beck Et Al., 1979; Dozois & Beck, 2008). Studies using self-report questionnaires demonstrate that CEs are more prevalent in individuals with depression than in non-depressed individuals (Gupta & Kar, 2008) and that CEs are related to depression...

Cognitive therapy (CT) aims to treat major depression symptomatology by restructuring the patients' cognitive distortions to more adaptive thinking patterns. This study examined changes in cognitive errors (CEs) as patients undergo CT for depression. Forty-five participants were assessed at early and late therapy for CEs using the Cognitive Errors...

Psychodynamic psychotherapies suggest that symptomatic relief is provided, in part, with the resolution of psychic conflicts. Clinical researchers have used innovative methods to investigate such phenomenon. This article aims to review the literature on quantitative psychodynamic conflict rating scales. An electronic search of the literature was co...

The present study examined the relationship between depth of defense interpretations by therapists, and patient defensive functioning, on the therapeutic alliance in a sample of 36 patients undergoing short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Defense interpretation depth was defined as the degree to which therapist interpretations contained information reg...

There is growing support for the use of progress monitoring (PM) measures to monitor client change throughout treatment. As little is known about the training of PM, the present study surveyed doctoral psychology graduate trainees across North America. Responses from 605 students indicated that the majority of trainees (69.9%) had heard of PM measu...

Following a trend observed in evidence-based practice, there has been a significant increase in the number of clinical practice guidelines that have been developed and disseminated in recent years in psychology, social work, and other social sciences. However, the methods used to develop those guidelines were not always optimal. Indeed, the social...

AbstrAct Different models have been developed to capture an individual's defensive functioning, including the DSM-IV Defensive Functioning Scale (DFS). These different models are often used to distinguish between psychologically healthy individuals and individuals presen-ting with a mental disorder, or to demonstrate change in patients over the cou...

Aim of the study The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), a well-established 60-item questionnaire based on the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality, provides a valuable framework for the interdisciplinary approach to personality research and clinical practice. In response to the need for briefer personality measures, a 30-item version of the NEO...

This article addresses the question of subjectivity in research. In order to facilitate the use of subjectivity in a research context, the author reminds readers of possible procedures as suggested in the literature. Particular attention is given to the idea of peer debriefing. Inspired by psychoanalysis, the author expands on the concept of discus...

L’amelioration de l’acces aux traitements en sante mentale est depuis longtemps une priorite tant au Quebec que sur la scene canadienne et internationale. Des initiatives pour accroitre l’acces a la psychotherapie subventionnee par l’Etat ont entre autres ete mises de l’avant en Australie et au Royaume-Uni. La presente etude a vise a documenter com...

Dans l’optique de l’amelioration d’une couverture de la psychotherapie au Quebec, le ministere de la Sante et des Services sociaux a confie a l’Institut national d’excellence en sante et en services sociaux le mandat d’evaluer l’efficacite de la psychotherapie comparee a la pharmacotherapie dans le traitement des adultes souffrant de troubles anxie...

Introduction In Quebec, mental disorders affect one in five people in their lifetime. Anxiety and depressive disorders are the main common or moderate mental health disorders. They affect both the individuals with the disorder and the people around them and have substantial economic impact. Psychotropic drugs are the treatment option most often pro...

Objectives Within the Quebec context, as well as the larger Canadian and International context, increasing access to mental health care treatment has become a major health care priority (see Peachey, Hicks, & Adams, 2013). Initiatives to increase access through government-funded psychotherapy have been successfully implemented in Australia and the...

Despite the availability and proliferation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and of methods to design such guidelines in recent years, a growing body of evidence suggests that the quality of CPGs can often be dubious, typically pointing to a lack of methodological rigor in guideline development. In the social sciences and in psychology, numero...

In 2011, the Board of Directors of the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) launched the Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice of Psychological Treatments to support and guide practice as well as to inform stakeholders. This article describes the work of this task force, outlining its raison d'etre, providing a comprehensive definition of evide...

The assertion that professional psychology is based on the science of psychology is embedded in the codes of ethics and standards for professional conduct of psychologists and in the accreditation criteria for professional training in psychology. However, this assertion has turned out to be far from straightforward, as indicated by the active debat...

The lack of accessibility to mental health care in Canada has been described as a silent crisis with the Canadian Psychological Association proposing possible actions that could be taken to achieve increased accessibility (Peachey, Hicks, & Adams, 2013). Efforts to make psychotherapy more accessible have been implemented in both the United Kingdom...

The topic of this special issue is access to services in psychology. Unlike previous issues, this one includes many more commentaries than what readers may be accustomed to with the journal. This special issue definitely adds to the data we already had on access to services. It also includes descriptions of efforts that have been made by different...