Martin Coy

University of Innsbruck | UIBK · Institute of Geography

Em meio às diversas contribuições e pesquisas de Neli Aparecida de Mello–Théry no campo ambiental e da sociedade, o presente artigo resgata a experiência do projeto Experimental Networks for Sustainability. Urban Biosphere Reserves as engines of transformation (ENESUS) e em especial destaque na Reserva da Biosfera do Cinturão Verde da Cidade de São...

This editorial gives a short introduction to the different strands of the Anthropocene and ties together the contributions of this Special Issue.

Since the 1960s, the integration of local economic activities into global structures has fostered a continuous increase in the production of cash crops in Brazil. This has led to a far-reaching transformation of formerly peripheral regions. Given their wide range of uses, soybeans are a prime example of flex crops, which are becoming ever more impo...

A crescente ameaça e destruição das florestas e savanas tropicais estão entre os principais desafios das mudanças globais, constituindo um tema central do debate sobre o antropoceno. Para melhor compreender a dimensão socioecológica, a dinâmica e os potenciais de conflito desse desafio, é importante lidar com os “motores” desse desenvolvimento, sua...

Die Sojabohne hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einer der erfolgreichsten Cash Crops auf den internationalen Agrarmärkten entwickelt. Sie ist wegen ihrer vielfältigen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten, beispielsweise als Nahrungsmittel oder Biotreibstoff, ein Musterbeispiel für die im globalen Agrargeschäft immer wichtigeren Flex Crops. Eines der weltw...

Das größte und bevölkerungsreichste Land Lateinamerikas ist bereits seit geraumer Zeit weitgehend verstädtert, was sich im aktuellen Urbanisierungsgrad von über 80 % niederschlägt. Das Spektrum reicht dabei einerseits von historischen Kolonialstädten bis zu wenige Jahrzehnte alten Stadtgründungen und andererseits von kaum urbanisierten Landstädten...

Biosphere Reserves (BR) in unmittelbarer Nähe zu Großstädten gehen mit spezifischen Herausforderungen einher. Dabei können peri-urbane BR sehr heterogene Funktionen erfüllen, vom Schutz der Natur über Naherholung bis hin zu innovativen Potenzialen sozial-ökologischer Transformation. Das besondere Konfliktrisiko peri-urbaner BR ist gleichzeitig nich...

Biosphere Reserves (BR) in unmittelbarer Nähe zu Großstädten gehen mit spezifischen Herausforderungen einher. Dabei können peri-urbane BR sehr heterogene Funktionen erfüllen, vom Schutz der Natur über Naherholung bis hin zu innovativen Potenzialen sozial-ökologischer Transformation. Das besondere Konfliktrisiko peri-urbaner BR ist gleichzeitig nich...

In Northern Mato Grosso, the expansion of the soybean agribusiness caused deep transformations of economic, social and territorial structures. This is especially true for the BR-163 corridor. Under the influence of a highly modernized and globalized production system, regional and local actor constellations, social and power relations, as well as t...

Parts of the chapter: - Introdução: Brasil “sob controle” do agronegócio. - Quem se beneficia com o boom global da soja? A expansão do agronegócio e suas consequências. - O Agronegócio – Empresa transnacional e o boom da soja. - Caracterização do boom da soja: processos de desenvolvimento no Centro-Oeste brasileiro. - O caso Sinop: como um projeto...

ENESUS is a transdisciplinary research project whose overall aim is to gain a better under-standing of the conditions for socio-ecological transformations. In particular, it focuses on the inhibiting and promoting role of urban biosphere reserves, also withregard to a multi-level regional governance system. Essential elements of such a transformati...

Win-Win, Entwicklung und Wohlstand – mit diesen drei Begriffen werden oftmals neue Städte des Agrobusiness charakterisiert. Sei es durch stetiges Bevölkerungswachstum, Integration in den globalisierten Commodities-Markt oder die schier grenzenlosen Möglichkeiten für die lokale Bevölkerung und Wirtschaftstreibenden, das Agrobusiness genießt oftmals...

Brasilien, das flächengrößte und bevölkerungsreichste Land Lateinamerikas, hat trotz einer ausgesprochen dynamischen Industrialisierung im Laufe der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts und einer damit verbundenen rasanten Verstädterung nach wie vor ein wichtiges ökonomisches „Standbein“ in der Agrarproduktion. Insbesondere für den Export des Landes...

O trabalho de campo apresentado no documento pdf em anexo foi realizado no âmbito do programa de mestrado “Geografia: Mudanças Globais – Sustentabilidade Regional, Especialização em Estudos de Desenvolvimento 2017/18”, da Universidade de Innsbruck (Áustria). Após um semestre inicial de introdução temática e regional, o semestre seguinte foi caracte...

Insbesondere in Metropolen manifestieren sich die sozioökonomischen und sozialökologischen Problembereiche der jeweiligen Gesellschaften wie unter dem Brennglas. Dabei bilden Fragen gesellschaftlicher und räumlicher Fragmentierungen sowie die Suche nach geeigneten Lösungsansätzen lokale und globale Herausforderungen. Ein Beispiel ist Sao Paulo. Die...

Subsections: -- Die globalen Rahmenbedingungen -- Lateinamerika: Ein verstädterter Subkontinent -- São Paulo – Struktur und Wandel einer Megacity -- Das Stadtzentrum – ein Identitätsort unter Druck -- Das »Recht auf Wohnen« in der fragmentierten Megacity -- Tendenzen der Stadtentwicklungsplanung -- Fazit

Mit dem Bedeutungsgewinn globaler Wirtschaftsbeziehungen gehen eine Vielzahl markanter Veränderungen einher, wobei diesbezüglich vor allem städtische Räume im Fokus stehen. Doch die Einbindung lokaler Wirtschaftskreisläufe in globale Strukturen hat beispielsweise in Brasilien durch eine seit den 1960er Jahren kontinuierlich zunehmende Produktion vo...

The handbook ‘Lateinamerika’ presents basic terms, political, economic, social and legal problems, and topics relating to and challenges faced by Latin America and its heterogeneous national realities. It also regards itself as obligated to area studies by presenting and understanding the aforementioned terms in their regional context. It provides...

Metropolization has become a global phenomenon of urbanization. In a highly urbanized country like Brazil this process is visible in mega cities as well as in regional metropoles, leading to vast urbanized areas stretching from the core cities to formerly distant neighborhood municipalities. Enormous urban agglomerations like the Macrometropole Pau...

Im Laufe der letzten drei Jahrzehnte entwickelte sich die Produktion von Soja in zunehmendem Maße zu einem lukrativen Business. Argentinien und Brasilien zeigten hierbei großes Wachstum. Mittlerweile sind beide voll in globale Wertschöpfungsketten eingegliedert; von außen betrachtet werden die lokalen Konsequenzen globalisierter Aktivitäten offensi...

Der Bedeutungsgewinn internationaler Wirtschaftsbeziehungen und die Einbindung lokaler Produk-tionskreisläufe in globale Strukturen haben in Brasilien eine enorme Umgestaltung ländlicher Räume (aber auch der darin eingebetteten Städte) bewirkt. In diesem Prozess sind einfache Beschäftigungs-möglichkeiten deutlich zurückgegangen, während neue Arbeit...

In the face of an increasing withdrawal of public authorities, the concept of territorial development is becoming important. A growing involvement of local actors in these development dynamics is visible. Here they increase their capacity to mobilize resources and create their own projects. Cooperative relations among local actors in short value ch...

In the Global North, suburbia is the result of processes of vertical and horizontal mobility that proceeded throughout the twentieth century. It is a product of what is thought to be socio-economic progress, increased income, individual well-being, private property, and the changing perception of quality of life in the city and its outskirts. In co...

Nova Califórnia, ein Distriktort des Munizips Porto Velho mit ca. 3.600 EinwohnerInnen, liegt nahe der Grenze zwischen Rondônia und Acre an der Fernstraße BR-364 (Porto Velho-Rio Branco). Er ist die Heimat des Projektes RECA, welches im Vordergrund der empirischen Arbeiten im Rahmen der Vertiefungsrichtung „Entwicklungsforschung“ im September 2016...

Once again, resources are at the centre of scientific and public interest. From 2000 onwards, soaring commodity prices and the unrestricted proliferation of extractive activities have caused significant spatial, political and socio-economic consequences in producer countries with large extractive economies. We exemplify these consequences by tellin...

Brasilien weist bei einem Verstädterungsgrad von 84 % eine ebenso ausgeprägte Urbanisierung wie Europa oder Nordamerika auf. Mittlerweile wachsen die Metropolen hier wie dort jedoch ähnlich langsam. Und von der Karte der Ausrichter von Großsportveranstaltungen sind brasilianische Städte nicht mehr weg zu denken. So weit, so gut!? Trotz aller Parall...

If there exists a world region, where the frontier constitutes one of the large socio-temporal narratives and hence also an important field of inquiry in history, social sciences and particularly geography, then it is the Americas. This holds particularly true inasmuch as the incorporation of land through settler colonisation after Latin American c...

At the moment, almost all South American countries are facing deep socio-economic and political crises caused by fundamental changes within the global economic system. The so-called “resource supercycle”, which had been shaping the global economy for several decades, has come to an end. During this period, South American countries moved towards a r...

This transdisciplinary research project addresses the Biosphere Reserve (BR) Großes Walsertal and its influence on regional development. Building upon a prior monitoring study in the BR Großes Walsertal in Vorarlberg/Austria this project unfolds recent developments and future trends and therefore provides different forms of knowledge for resulting...

Brazil and Argentina are now fully incorporated in globalized value chains. Local consequences of globalised activities are observed. Rising demands allow for diversified producer strategies from mere focus on pricing and availability to socio-ecologically sound and “fair” production. Given this socio-economic framework, the chapter deals with theo...

Wenn es eine Weltregion gibt, in der die Frontier zu den großen zeitlich-räumlichen Narrati- ven und somit zu den wichtigen Feldern historischer, sozialwissenschaftlicher und vor allem auch geographischer Forschung gehört, dann sind es die Amerikas. Dies, zumal Landerschlie- ßung durch Siedlungskolonisation nach der Unabhängigkeit der lateinamerika...

Der globale Boom der commodities hatte einen fundamentalen Einfluss auf die Wirtschaft vieler lateinamerikanischer Länder hin zur Reprimarisierung. Nach einer neoliberalen Phase der Öffnung in den 1990er Jahren, die stark durch den Washington Consensus geprägt sind, bringen die 2000er Jahre einen komplexeren politischen, sozialen und ökonomischen K...

The article by Martin Coy discusses the aspects of social ruptures and inequalities from a social geographical point of view and, in the process, he turns the attention to the great complexity that permeates all areas of public life in Brazil. In spite of the recent improvements in poverty reduction, Coy identifies a number of challenges in the soc...

São Paulo ist hinsichtlich ihrer sozioökonomischen und räumlichen Entwicklungsdynamik, ihrer sozialräumlichen Strukturen und urbanen Lebensbedingungen eine zutiefst fragmentierte Metropolregion mit deutlichen sozialräumlichen Segregationstendenzen. Dabei hat São Paulo die planerischen und – wenn auch sicher nicht ausreichende – finanzielle Kapazitä...

Over the last years, the production of soy has become an increasingly lucrative business in Brazil and Argentina. Now fully incorporated in globalized value chains, local consequences of globalised activities are observed: Socio-territorial fragmentation, increasing vulnerability, particularly in the nuclei of production, rising polarisation betwee...

Port.: A Amazônia evoca para si, como nenhuma outra região, o mito de terra livre, riquezas minerais e re-cursos energéticos supostamente inesgotáveis. Re-cordes anuais na colheita de soja e prognósticos oti-mistas sobre a produção e exportação para os mer-cados internacionais refletem a imagem de sucesso do Mato Grosso. Até hoje, muitos migrantes...

This research aims at identifying factors that contributes to the creation of vulnerable condition in Yogyaka(a province of lndonesia and comparing strategies its rural inhabitants develop in coping with natural hazards. Two distncts are opted as example: Bantul, the district most seriously devastated by earthquake event of 2006 and Gunung Kidul, a...

Brasiliens wirtschaftliche und soziale Dynamik der letzten Jahre ist erstaunlich. Das Land ist der drittgrößte Flugzeughersteller der Welt, es ist einer der wichtigsten KFZ-Produzenten und es verfügt über Spitzenforschung in den unterschiedlichsten Bereichen. Vor allem ist Brasilien ein flächen- und rohstoffreiches Land, was ihm eine führende Stell...

This paper suggests that the institutional theory gives us a comprehensive view of basic institutional obstacles that influence the contribution Biosphere Reserves (BR) deliver to regional sustainability. Using the four aspects of path dependence, fit, scale and interplay outlined by institutional theory as analytical axes for the analysis, the imp...

The development of inner cities in Latin America during the twentieth ­century is characterised by three stages: growth and “beautification”, ­modernization according to the Athens Charter as well as degradation and renewal. During the first and second stages, the city centre of São Paulo has experienced a strong verticalisation and an orientation...

As urbanization continues, and even accelerates, scientists estimate that by 2015 the world will have up to 60 ‘megacities’ - urban areas with more than five million inhabitants. With the irresistible economic attractions of urban centers, particularly in developing countries, making the influx of citizens unstoppable, many of humankind’s coming so...

Der Nordwesten Argentiniens, eine der ärmsten Regionen des Landes, verzeichnet seit der in den 1990er Jahren vorangetriebenen neoliberalen Zurichtung auf globale Wertschöpfungsketten eine besonders dynamische Wirtschaftsentwicklung. Das Voranschreiten der Sojapionierfront im Chaco, die Internationalisierung des Tourismus und neue Bergbau-Großprojek...

Northwest Argentina, one of the poorest regions of the country, has experienced a highly dynamic economic development, particularly since the attempt to align the country to global value chains through the implementation of neoliberal policies in the 1990s. The three most important factors of change in rural areas are the advancement of the soy pio...

Rio e cidade: uma interacao em transformacao Desde os principios, a relacao rio-cidade revela-se sendo um aspecto primordial para o desenvolvimento urbano. A disponibilidade de agua constituia sempre um dos principais fatores para o estabelecimento definitivo e a localizacao especifica de povoamentos humanos. Neste sentido, os rios nao forneceram s...

Weshalb macht es Sinn. sich heutzutage aus geographischer Perspektive mit den lateinamerikanischen Metropolen zu beschäftigen? Die aktuelle quantitative Dynamik des Metropolisierungsprozesses in lateinamerika ist es sicherlich nicht. denn die Hochphase des quantitativen Wachstums der großen Städte in Lateinamerika ist bereits überschritten.

Seit jeher ist Brasilien durch wirtschaftliche, soziale und räumliche Disparitäten gekennzeichnet, in denen sich historisches Erbe, Entwicklungsstile und ihre Folgen sowie in jüngeren Jahren sicherlich auch die Konsequenzen der Einbindung des Landes in die Globalisierung niederschlagen. Gleichzeitig ist Brasilien gerade in jüngeren Jahren Bühne zah...

Through all of its history Brazil has been marked by spatial disparities in society and economy, mirroring historic burdens, development policies and their consequences, but also recently the integration of Brazil in the process of globalization. At the same time Brazil is an arena for diverse dynamic processes in a socio-economic and political per...

El presente artículo da cuenta de la situación actual de los estudios latinoamericanistas en Austria, la posición que ocupan en la universidad y en el sistema de investigación científica de ese país. A partir de ese análisis se derivan conclusiones acerca de los principales desafíos a los que se enfrenta el latinoamericanismo austríaco y se perfila...

During the last years the incidence of environmental hazards and socio-economic in Latin American countries tends to increase. The same applies to the degree of vulnerability and this is, above all, a function of the social position of the actors. This paper is dedicated to the discussion of the several concepts of risk and vulnerability within an...

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Production and trade with minerals remains to be an important tool for the development of South America's economy. Chile and Brazil are the most important countries of export of ore and energy resources worldwide. With regard to this it is crucial asking for social and economic consequences of economic primarisation during financial and economic cr...

Megacities are a global phenomenon, but, due to the different urbanisation dynamics between the North and the South, megacity growth is predominantly a phenomenon of the "poorer" world. What unites the megacities of the South and makes them a priority field of research and action in global terms is their unresolved problem of control and governance...

Produktion und Handel mit Mineralien sind nach wie vor ein wichtiges Instrument für die Entwicklung der südamerikanischen Wirtschaft. Chile und Brasilien sind weltweit die wichtigsten Exportländer von Erzen und Energieressourcen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, die sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Folgen der wirtschaftliche...

For several decades Amazonia has been one of the main issues within the international discussions on degradation and scarcity of ecological resources. In this context, mega-projects, mostly initiated by the state, are causing conflicting processes between contrary interests of involved actors. By the example of the pavement of the BR-163 In the Bra...

Complex landscape management instruments based on a dynamic, innovative land-conservation paradigm and spatial zoning to provide for graded intensity of protection and human use are being implemented in the newer generation of biosphere reserves and biosphere parks. The multifunctionality of these exemplary landscapes with sustainable development i...

However one may define "emerging economy", Brazil always is included. Over the past decades, Latin America's largest country and richest in population has developed into a leading economy in the world, despite high foreign debt, economic crises and political ruptures. This coincides with Brazil picturing herself as a "leader in Latin America" and h...

Complex landscape management instruments based on a dynamic, innovative land-conservation paradigm and spatial zoning to provide for graded intensity of protection and human use are being implemented in the newer generation of biosphere reserves and biosphere parks. The multifunctionality of these exemplary landscapes with sustainable development i...

Complex landscape management instruments based on a dynamic, innovative land-conservation paradigm and spatial zoning to provide for graded intensity of protection and human use are being implemented in the newer generation of biosphere reserves and biosphere parks. The multifunctionality of these exemplary landscapes with sustainable development i...

Since the mid-1970s, gated housing areas of the privileged have been spreading in Latin American cities. They have to be seen as a visible consequence of the deepening social disparities within Latin American societies and the resulting fragmentation of urban space. Condomínios fechados (Brazil) or barrios cerrados (Argentina) can be typified follo...

Zwar sind Untersuchungen in den so genannten Entwicklungslndern mit human- oder naturgeographischem Fokus klassischer Gegenstand der Geographie, jedoch ist es dem Fach im Vergleich mit anderen Disziplinen bisher nicht in ausreichendem Mae gelungen, sich als ernst genommener Partner der praktischen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zu etablieren. Allerding...

Inspite the tensions of the past, Brazil has jumped into the group of the world's ten biggest economies. Such an economical development could only be achieved by an extraordinary increase of energy production, mostly based on the country's hydro-electricity potential. However, the social costs of constructing large dams such as resettlement of the...

Large cities in developing countries are characterized by a number of phenomena, structures, problems and processes much different from those of the developed world: Substantial functional urban re-organization, concomitant with the disintegration of traditional structural and organizational patterns, gives rise to the formation of diffuse centrali...

During the last decades, the agglomeration of Paris was subject to far-reaching changes. Demographic dynamics shifted from the inner city to the Grande Couronne, the outer areas of the agglomeration. De-industrialization especially affected the northern and eastern parts of the metropolitan area, whereas it is the west which profited most from the...

Seit Mitte der 1970er Jahre verbreiten sich in den brasilianischen Städten abgeschottete Wohnviertel der Privilegierten. Diese sogenannten condomínios fechados lassen sich nach unterschiedlichen Kriterien (Genese. Lage, Größe, Ausstattung, Bautypologie sowie Sozialstruktur) typisieren. Drei Akteursgruppen nehmen Einfluss auf ihre Verbreitung: Die I...

Since the 197Oies Brazil's Amazonia, the last settlement frontier in South America, experienced a development boom of never seen dimensions: construction of interregional highways, colonization of small farmers, establishment of large farms and agro-business, exploitation of natural resources, and construction of huge hydro-electric projects. As a...

Within recent years, the expansion of gated communities has become an increasingly important element in the changing Latin American megacities and their suburban areas. In this paper, the internal structure and differentiation as well as sociospatial consequences of gated communities will be discussed, based on case studies from Rio de Janeiro, Saì...

Agriculture and rural areas in Brazil have been going through a far-reaching economic and social change for the last 40 years. On the one hand, the policy of "conservative modernization" has promoted the orientation of Brazilian agriculture on the national and international market, the introduction of new products (e.g. soya) and the emergence of a...

Brasilien hat in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts einen auf gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Modernisierung ausgerichteten Entwicklungsweg beschritten. Dies hat einen außerordentlichen Verstädterungsprozeß hervorgerufen. Insbesondere der Ballungsraum Säo Paulo hat von der ökonomischen Dynamik profitieren können und ist inzwischen zur gr...

This contribution gives an overview of the current state of discussion concerning the farming rights in developing countries and discusses fundamental arguments for an institution-based theoretical interpretation of land conflicts. Against the background of typical conflict constellations and of the success or failure of previous agrarian reforms,...

With the end of the 20th century, the global growth of cities has, above all, shifted into Third World countries. There, the rapid and, most of the time, unplanned process of urbanization is accompanied by numerous socio-economic and ecological problems as well as an increasing fragmentation of urban spaces. Thus, urban planning based on the aims o...

The socioeconomic upheaval in the old frontier areas of the Brazilian centre-west is, like that in Amazonia, the result of a policy of agricultural modernisation. The regional economy was subjected to external forces, the principal factors in which were the grain and soya markets, mechanisation, the coffee crisis, and the timber trade. The idea of...

Explains the growth and regional importance of Cuiaba (founded in 1719); current development has focussed on improved communications. Since 1940, the population has grown from 50 000 to 401 000, and its functions have grown and changed. The ecological and social problems arising from rapid growth are discussed. -D.J.Davis

The vast area of the floodplain of the upper Paraguay River is undergoing very rapid economic, social and environmental change. This includes ranching, cropping, gold and diamond mining, tourism, and urbanisation. The environmental problems caused are discussed. Recent plans for the region lay greater emphasis on this aspect of development in the P...

Defines "pioneer front' and "pioneer town', and examines the function of the pioneer town as the development of Amazonia has recently opened up by private settlement companies. It is an area with 50% increase of population in the last 10 yr. The author then turns to northern Mato Grosso as an area of private colonization, an area poorly linked to t...

La région analysée constitue un des fronts pionniers les plus dynamiques en Amazonie brésilienne. Le développement régional du Rondônia est caractérisé, pendant les dernières années surtout, par une migration continue de paysans "expulsés" provenant des régions rurales du sud et sud-est du Brésil, et par la colonisation publique basée sur une distr...