Marta Camacho-Cardenosa

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• phD in Sport Sciences
• Post-Doc Research at Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba

Three-dimensional bioprinting is a new advance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Bioprinting allows manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) structures that mimic tissues or organs. The bioinks used are mainly made of natural or synthetic polymers that must be biocompatible, printable, and biodegradable. These bioinks may incorporate pro...

The objective of this study was to analyze the psychological responses of the Brazilian population and understand their level of anxiety, depression, and stress during different times of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as how the PA level and sociodemographic aspects may have influenced them. This longitudinal study collected data in two periods: Ap...

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of a novel respiratory muscle training protocol on the running performance of semiprofessional endurance athletes. Methods: The sample consisted of 11 endurance athletes (aged 25.5 ± 5.7 years; BMI 22.6 ± 3.4 kg·m2), who performed a test of incremental respiratory endurance to design an inspiratory muscle...

Background: The prevention and treatment of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures is a public health challenge. Combined with normobaric hypoxia, whole-body vibration has a high clinic potential in bone health and body composition. The effect of this therapy may be mediated by its action on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Objectives: Eval...

There is increasing evidence about the role of inflammation in sarcopenia and tumor progression; thus, its modulation would represent a valuable strategy for improving clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Several studies have reported that whey protein has significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics in humans. We aimed to ev...

Alba Camacho-Cardenosa, Marta Camacho-Cardenosa, Johannes Burtscher, Pedro R. Olivares, Guillermo Olcina, and Javier Brazo-Sayavera. Intermittent hypoxic training increases and prolongs exercise benefits in adult untrained women. High Alt Med Biol. 00:00-00, 2024. Background: Exercising in hypoxia may confer multiple health benefits, but the eviden...

The aims were to identify the symptoms and comorbidities predictive for severe illness and analyse the mild-term health sequelae in Brazilian recovered from COVID-19. Eighty-four participants were divided into mild (n = 16), moderate (n = 51), severe (n = 9) or critical (n = 8) gravity. A standardized assessment included: anamnesis to identify the...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different protocols of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training in patients who had recovered from COVID-19 on quality of life (QoL) and mental health. The sample of this clinical trial-controlled double-blind study consisted of 67 participants aged 30–69 years, who were organized rand...

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is commonly associated with pathological conditions, particularly obstructive sleep apnoea. However, IH is also increasingly used to enhance health and performance and is emerging as a potent non‐pharmacological intervention against numerous diseases. Whether IH is detrimental or beneficial for health is largely determined...

Background Obesity (OB) is a chronic metabolic disease with important associated comorbidities and mortality. Vitamin D supplementation is frequently administered after bariatric surgery (BS), so as to reduce OB-related complications, maybe including chronic inflammation. Aim This study aimed to explore relations between vitamin D metabolites and...

Olive tree (Olea europaea) leaf extract (OELE) has important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its use in human clinical practice. We recently designed an amorphous hydrogel called EHO-85 (EHO indicates olive leaf extract in Spanish) containing OELE for skin ulcer treatments. Yet, its effectiveness has not been previously com...

DPP4 may play a relevant role in MSC differentiation into osteoblasts or adipocytes. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4i), such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, are used as antidiabetic drugs. However, vildagliptin is not a specific DPP4i and also inhibits DPP8/9, which is involved in energy metabolism and immune regulation. The aim of...

Bone metabolism is regulated by osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and stem cells. Pathologies such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, and traumatic fractures require effective treatments that favor bone formation and regeneration. Among these, cell therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has been proposed. MSC are osteoprogen...

Hard-to-heal chronic wounds associated with aging and high-prevalence pathologies, such as diabetes, are a global health problem. Therefore, it is necessary to advance effective treatments to accelerate wound healing. Among these potential treatments are new therapies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their secretomes, including extracellul...

Triathlon is a sport modality that has been on the rise in recent years, and represents a great physical load for the body. Therefore, the first goal of the present study was to investigate physiological response in non-professional half-distance triathlon participants regarding to muscle and kidney damage. Secondly, we evaluated the short-term rec...

Hypoxic exposure is safely associated with exercise for many pathological conditions, providing additional effects on health outcomes. COVID-19 is a new disease, so the physiological repercussions caused by exercise in affected patients and the safety of exposure to hypoxia in these conditions are still unknown. Due to the effects of the disease on...

The aim of this study was to determine team offensive performance indicators during exclusions related to the final ranking obtained in the tournament. Twenty-nine matches from the 2017 Pan-American Female Championship played by 10 national teams were analyzed using observational methodology. Cramer’s V and Fisher’s exact test were applied to ident...

Purpose: Aging leads to gradual irreversible decline in bone mass. As adherence to pharmacological treatment is poor, hypoxia combined with strength training has been suggested for therapeutic benefit for clinical populations. The present study investigated the effects of normobaric cyclic hypoxic exposure combined with resistance circuit training...

Background Recent studies have indicated that people who live at altitude have a lower incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and lesser severity in infection cases. Hypothesis Hypoxia exposure could lead to health benefits, and it could be used in the recovery process as an additional stimulus to physical training to improve cardiorespirator...

The use of mesenchymal stem-cells (MSC) in cell therapy has received considerable attention because of their properties. These properties include high expansion and differentiation in vitro, low immunogenicity, and modulation of biological processes, such as inflammation, angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Curiously, the regenerative effect of MSC is...

Introduction: Long periods of home confinement may lead to fear, panic, anxiety, and depression states, which, in turn, could drive to a reduction of active lifestyles. Objetive: To determine the association between the characteristics of the physical activity performed and the risk of experiencing mental health issues among peopleduring confinemen...

Use of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) has been validated as a performance factor during incremental exercise with portable near-infrared stereoscopy (NIRS) technology. However, there is little knowledge about the use of SmO2 to identify training zones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic zones by SmO2: maximum lipid oxidation...

Although preliminary studies suggested sex-related differences in physiological responses to altitude/hypoxia, controlled studies from standardised exposures to normobaric hypoxia are largely lacking. Hence, the goals of this study were to provide information on cardiorespiratory responses to a 7-h normobaric hypoxia exposure and to explore potenti...

Background Hypoxic conditioning has been proposed as a new tool to mitigate the sarcopenia and enhance health-related function, but decrements in standing balance have been observed during hypoxia exposure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a hypoxic conditioning training on functional fitness, balance and fear of falling in health...

Background Recent studies point to a lower number and reduced severity of cases in higher altitude cities with decreased oxygen concentration. Specific literature has shown several benefits of physical training, so, in this sense, physical training with hypoxic stimulus appears as an alternative that supports the conventional treatments of the COVI...

Ageing is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and with a decrease in muscle mass and strength. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a resistance training programme in conditions of intermittent hypoxia on inflammatory biomarkers in older people. A total of 54 older adults (aged 65–75 years), who voluntarily participated in...

The aim was to determine the effects of repeated-sprint training in hypoxia on haematocrit and haemoglobin in different sporting modalities. Seventy-two participants were randomly allocated to Active-Repeated sprint in hypoxia (A-RSH, n= 8); Active-Repeated sprint in normoxia (A-RSN, n= 8); Active-Control (A-CON, n= 8); Team Sports-RSH (T-RSH, n= 8...

Background: Recent studies point to a lower number and a reduction in the severity of cases in higher altitude cities, with decreased oxygen concentration. Specific literature has shown several benefits of physical training, so, in this sense, physical training with hypoxic stimulus appears as an alternative that supports the conventional treatment...

Muscle oxygen consumption could provide information on oxidative metabolism in women soccer players. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze muscle oxygenation dynamics during repeated sprint ability (RSA): (8 sprint × 20 s recovery) by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The sample was made up of 38 professional women soccer players....

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of bone marrow are the progenitor of osteoblasts and adipocytes. MSC tend to differentiate into adipocytes, instead of osteoblasts, with aging. This favors the loss of bone mass and development of osteoporosis. Hypoxia induces hypoxia inducible factor 1α gene encoding transcription factor, which regulates the...

Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) is used as a supplement to improve performance and reduce fatigue in athletes. However, the potentially beneficial effects of HRW intake could be mediated by the training status of athletes. The purpose of the study was to analyse the ergogenic effect of intake of HRW for one week on aerobic and anaerobic performance, both...

The aims of this study were: i) to describe the situations of numerical inequality due to exclusions during the Female Handball at Panamerican Games Tournament 2015; ii) to analyse the efficacy to relate these situations with the final performance and results. All matches played by teams ranked 1 to 4 in the tournament were analysed using the obser...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 4 weeks in-water swimming-specific repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) compared to similar training in normoxia (RSN). Following a repeated-measures, counterbalanced cross-over design, 10 swimmers were requested to perform two trials consisting of in-water repeated sprints in hypoxic (R...

Currently, near infrared spectroscopy has a clear potential to explain the mechanisms of fatigue by assessing muscle oxygenation. The objective of the study was to observe the changes in muscle oxygen consumption after an official women’s soccer match. The sample was 14 players who competing in the second division of Spain of women’s soccer. They w...

This coronavirus pandemic has placed unprecedented restrictions on people's physical activity and routines. Prolonged home stays may lead to fear, panic, anxiety, and depression states, which in turn, can drive to a reduction of active lifestyles. Hence, determining the psychological response in the general population, and the influence level of ho...

Purpose: To investigate the training and detraining effects of two different hypoxic high-intensity protocols on cardiorespiratory fitness, maximal fat oxidation and energy contribution in obese women. Methods: 82 obese women completed a 12-week training of: (1) interval training in hypoxia (IHT; n = 19; 3 min at 90%Wmax: 3 min at 55-65%Wmax; Fi...

Background Ageing is accompanied by a loss of muscle mass and function, which are associated with decrease of functional capacity. Combination of WBV training with normobaric hypoxic exposure could augment the beneficial effects due to synergic effects of both treatments. Aims The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 36 sessions of...

Introduction: The traditional hypoxic training program used by endurance athletes was included in the training of team and/or racquet sports players. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of a new lower dose of repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) as compared with previous studies on short and long-term physical performanc...

The addition of a hypoxic stimulus during resistance training is suggested to increase the metabolic responses, enhancing hypertrophy and muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training performed at submaximal intensities combined with normobaric hypoxia on muscular performance, body composition and...

Introduction: recent research has shown that although training stimuli for high-intensity endurance training should be given more attention in the full handball training season planning, a high aerobic capacity appears to be important to maintain a high level of performance over the 60 minutes of playing time. In spite of there are many different t...

Background: To investigate if the cyclic hypoxia exposure combined with repeat-sprints training would be more effective in reducing body fat of health women than the same protocols performed in normoxia. Methods: Twelve female volunteers were randomly divided into two groups: 1) repeated-sprint in hypoxia (RSH; N.=6; FiO2: 17.2%); and 2) repeate...

CrossFit is high-intensity interval training involving routines called 'workouts of the day' (WOD). The aim of the present study is to analyse biochemical parameters and physical performance after two modalities of CrossFit WODs, and to evaluate 48-hour recovery. Twelve trained CrossFit practitioners (age: 30.4 ± 5.37 years; VO2max: 47.8 ± 3.63 ml/...

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) has been defined as a major enhancement of muscular performance following a preload stimulus. The eccentric actions seem to cause a potentiating effect on subsequent explosive exercises. The aim of this study was to determine whether a protocol of squat exercise using an inertial flywheel could have a potentiating...

Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are an issue of great concern in public health so that the increase/maintenance of whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) is clinically relevant and could reduce the financial burden. Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been recently proposed as a potential alternative to bone stimulation, which combined with ther...

Among other functions, hypoxia-inducible factor plays a critical role in bone-vascular coupling and bone formation. Studies have suggested that hypoxic conditioning could be a potential nonpharmacological strategy for treating skeletal diseases. However, there is no clear consensus regarding the bone metabolism response to hypoxia. Therefore, this...

Therapeutic benefits of hypoxic training have been suggested for clinical populations, such as elderly who could suffer loss of lower limb muscle strength and higher risk of falling. This study investigated the effects of 18 weeks of whole-body vibration (WBV) training in normobaric hypoxia on the strength parameters of an elderly population. Thirt...

Purpose Promising benefits on fat mass and biochemical components may be reported after applying programs of cyclic hypoxia and HIIT. Aim To investigate the effect of a month of detraining on cardiometabolic risk markers after active hypoxia exposure. Methods Participants included 59 overweight/obese women, who started a 12‐week program of 36 ses...

BACKGROUND: Resistance training performed under hypoxia conditions has been shown to cause major metabolic and hormonal responses. However, the influence of hypoxia on an acute session has been barely studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of an intermittent hypoxic resistance training (IHRT) to muscle failure on bench pre...

Promising benefits on cardiometabolic risk factors have been reported with prolonged programs of cyclic hypoxia. The aim of this study was to examine whether cyclic hypoxia exposure while exercising through two protocols of high-intensity interval training in overweight/obese women is more effective to improve cardiometabolic risk markers than exer...

Objective: The aim of the present review is to evaluate effects of intermittent hypoxia and exercise therapy in cardiometabolic parameters on adult obese people. Database: Three well-known databases were selected: EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Studies selection: Inclusion criteria were: (a) human healthy overweight or obese adults, (b) stu...

La obesidad continúa siendo una de las principales preocupaciones en la actualidad, suponiendo un importante desencadenante de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Es importante abordar este problema desde la infancia con el fin de evitar problemas futuros mayores. Es por ello que en el presente estudio se ha pretendido analizar el sobrepeso y la obesida...

Purpose: Compare the effect of two protocols cold water immersion on indicators of recovery in female handball players. Methods: 12 female handball players (Age: 14 ± 0.7 years, body mass: 58.44 ± 7.8 kg, Height: 161± 7.1 cm, fat %: 21.5± 3) were involved in a "cross-over" experimental design. After three training sessions (Avg heart rate 183 ± 9,...

Background: The relative age effect is essential throughout all of the talent selection processes in sports, especially during adolescence, which leaves fewer athletes within each cohort that are born late in the selected year. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of relative age in anthropometric and physical performance characteri...

A moderate hypoxic stimulus is considered a promising therapeutic modality for several pathological states including obesity. There is scientific evidence suggesting that when hypoxia and physical activity are combined, they could provide benefits for the obese population. The aim of the present study was to investigate if exposure to hypoxia combi...

Introducción: El entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) puede mejorar mucho más la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en pacientes con enfermedades metabólicas (Weston et al., 2014) respecto a entrenamientos moderados y continuos. Realizado en condiciones de hipoxia, el HIIT puede potenciar su efecto provocando adaptaciones moleculares y ma...

Background: The ability of the neuromuscular system to produce maximum power seems to be critical in many sports that require optimal combinations of muscle strength and speed to maximize athletic performance (Izquierdo, Häkkinen, Gonzalez-Badillo, Ibáñez, & Gorostiaga, 2002). However, it seems that the addition of a hypoxic stimulus would not nega...

This study examined the internal load based on heart rate (HR) in a teenage female handball team, which is playing in a regional league, comparing these parameters between the first and second half of the matches. A total of 10 adolescent female handball players participated in the study (age 14.70 ± 0.67 years (range, 14-15), weight 55.78 ± 6.80 k...

Although the role of jumping ability in female volleyball players is well recognised, the effect of fatigue on this ability is not well known. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a series of block jumps (BJ) on jumping ability and whether it varies by performance level. Ten elite (EG) and 11 amateur (AG) female volleyball play...

Cold water immersion (CWI) is a recovery method used frequently in sport. Multiple studies indicate a potential role for CWI after training and competition in various sports. However, a critical review of the medical literature reveals a paucity of studies regarding use of CWI specifically in team handball. As a high intensity sport, handball is ch...

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar parámetros fisiológicos para comparar y correlacionar en función de la saturación de oxigeno muscular y hemoglobina total medida con espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano no invasivo. La muestra (n=17 mujeres) se dividieron en 2 grupos: sobrepeso/obesidad y normopeso, se valoró la composición corporal, parámet...

OBJECTIVE: Childhood and adolescence are key to the development of chronic disease stages, the distribution of fat an important factor in this regard. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects on fat parameters of a high intensity program developed in adolescents during physical education classes. METHODS: In 2013, 35 school-age children of...

Background: This pilot study had the aim to determine the effects of a new dose of maximal-intensity interval training in hypoxia in active adults. Methods: Twenty-four university student volunteers were randomly assigned to three groups: hypoxia group, normoxia group or control group. The eight training sessions consisted of 2 sets of 5 repeate...

Background: Due to the global increase of overweight and obesity especially among youth and adolescents it is necessary to know what factors can help to fight against these diseases from an early age. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of schoolchildren's diet and how it can influence blood and anthropometric parameters related...

In 2013 the "Maximum Intensity Interval Training in hypoxia" that combines high-intensity training with training in hypoxia exposure. This could be ideal for team sports where the demands of high intensity are common in the game. The aim is define a proposal EIMIH establishing a "dose" and analyze their effects on aerobic performance parameters, an...

Fundamentos: La infancia y la adolescencia son etapas claves para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas, siendo la distribución de grasa un importante factor en este sentido. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos sobre parámetros de grasa de un programa de alta intensidad desarrollado en adolescentes durante las clases de educación físic...