Marta Bolgan

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• PhD Aquatic Science
• Senior Bio and EcoAcoustician at Fugro World Wide

A passive listening survey was conducted in the Venetian littoral zone and combined with a meta-analysis on coastal Mediterranean fish communities resulting in the use of Sciaena umbra as a biological indicator of a typical fish community. The passive listening technique allowed the collection of fish presence/absence data, the analysis of the cont...

full version: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2017.1286262 The aims of this study were to (i) assess the efficacy of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) for detecting Arctic Charr at their spawning grounds and (ii) characterize the overall acoustic soundscape of these sites. PAM was carried out over three Arctic Charr spawning g...

The Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI) is increasingly applied to the study of biodiversity in aquatic habitats. However, it remains unknown which types of acoustic information are highlighted by this index in underwater environments. This study explored the robustness of the ACI to fine variations in fish sound abundance (i.e. number of sounds) and s...

• Rare and cryptic fish species such as the cusk‐eel Ophidion rochei (Műller, 1845) (Ophidiiformes), an endemic sand‐dwelling Mediterranean fish, are likely to go undetected by traditional non‐invasive monitoring techniques commonly used to survey biodiversity. • Although the cusk‐eel is distributed along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, no s...

The /Kwa/ vocalization dominates the soundscape of Posidonia oceanica meadows but the identity of the species emitting this peculiar fish sound remains a mystery. Information from sounds recorded in the wild indicates that the emitting candidates should be abundant, nocturnal and benthic. Scorpaena spp. combine all these characteristics. This study...

Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage t...

This review examines the progression of fish bioacoustics and ecoacoustics, with a focus on the growing application of Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) as a non-invasive tool for assessing fish biodiversity. As environmental conservation goals intensify globally, particularly with initiatives such as Biodiversity Net Gain, the need for effective m...

This study provides temporo-spatial characterisation of the underwater soundscape in proximity of a relatively newly installed offshore gas-production platform in the North Sea’s Dogger Bank Special Area of Conservation, recorded by Static Acoustic Monitoring at different distances from the wellhead (70 m, 5 Km and 10 km). Long-Term Spectrogram Ana...

The need for remote, reliable, and scalable monitoring of plummeting biodiversity amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems and changing climate has sparked enormous interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) over multiple disciplines and ecosystems. Even though PAM could support UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Biodiversity I...

In animals, the rhythmical properties of calls are known to be shaped by physical constraints and the necessity of conveying information. As a consequence, investigating rhythmical properties in relation to different environmental conditions can help to shed light on the relationship between environment and species behavior from an evolutionary per...

Danionella cerebrum has recently been proposed as a promising model to investigate the structure and function of the adult vertebrate brain, including the development of vocal–auditory neural pathways. This genetically tractable and transparent cypriniform is highly vocal, but limited information is available on its acoustic behavior and underlying...

Knowledge of the ecology, spatial distribution and conservation status of fish populations is achieved by fishery‐dependent techniques, and by more recently developed non‐invasive fishery‐independent techniques. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a fishery‐independent method that provides remote sensing of soniferous species, populations, communi...

Invasive alien species have been rising exponentially in the last decades impacting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The soniferous weakfish, Cynoscion regalis, is a recent invasive sciaenid species in the Iberian Peninsula and was first reported in the Tagus estuary in 2015. There is concern about its possible impacts on native species, nam...

Passive acoustic monitoring can be used to assess the presence of vocal species. Automatic estimation of such information is critical for allowing diversity monitoring over long-time spans. Among the existing tools, α-acoustic indices have been originally designed to assess the richness/complexity of terrestrial soundscapes. However, their use in m...

This study investigates the sounds and the anatomy of the sound‐producing organ in the male and female sand‐dwelling cusk‐eel Parophidion vassali. Although both sexes have similar external phenotype, they can be distinguished by their sonic apparatus and sounds. As in many Ophioidei, Parophidion vassali presents a panel of highly derived characters...

Spatio-temporal variability of marine soundscapes reflects environmental dynamics and local habitat health. This study characterizes the coastal soundscape of the Cres-Lošinj Natura 2000 Site of Community Importance, encompassing the non-tourist (11–15 March 2020) and the tourist (26–30 July 2020) season. A total of 240 h of continuous recordings w...

1. Sound production represents an integral part of social communication in many teleost fish; however, few studies have investigated the structure, organization and variability of fish sounds at the community level. 2. Fish acoustic community structure was recorded simultaneously in three sites located along the Mediterranean basin within the ende...

We have used a lately established workflow to quantify rhythms of three fish sound types recorded in different areas of the Mediterranean Sea. So far, the temporal structure of fish sound sequences has only been described qualitatively. Here, we propose a standardized approach to quantify them, opening the path for assessment and comparison of an o...

Human impacts on marine ecosystems are increasing and the number of fish species listed in the Red List is constantly growing. In the Mediterranean Sea, seven of the 10 bony fishes defined as Threatened by the IUCN are known to be vocal, including the target species of this study: the shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa Linnaeus, 1758) and the brown meagre (...

Motorboat noise is recognized as a major source of marine pollution, however little is known about its ecological consequences on coastal systems. We developed a State Space Model (SSM) that incorporates an explicit dependency on motorboat noise to derive its effects on the movement of resident fish that transition between two behavioural states (s...

A recurrent question arising in fish bioacoustics research concerns the number of vocal fish species that may exist. Although it is not possible to provide a precise globally valid number, an estimation based on recordings already collected at coral reefs (Moorea) and on morphological approaches indicates that approximately half of the fish familie...

Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) is a non-intrusive and cost-effective method capable of providing high-resolution, long-term information on the status and health of vocal populations and communities. To successfully monitor the same species over wide geographical and temporal scales, it is necessary to characterise the range of sound variability,...

Covering more than 65% of the Earth surface, the deep sea (200–11,000 m depth) is the largest biotope on Earth, yet it remains largely unexplored. The biology of its communities is still poorly understood, and many species are still to be discovered. Despite this, deep‐sea fish are already threatened by our exploitation and their conservation is ha...

Fish sounds are important components of Azorean soundscapes. Therefore, unraveling their patterns can contribute to a better assessment of local biodiversity dynamics. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) is a cost-effective, non-intrusive method providing long-term information regardless of weather or logistic conditions, which can be especially usef...

Although several bioacoustics investigations have shed light on the acoustic communication of Mediterranean fish species, the occurrence of fish sounds has never been reported below 40 m depth. This study assessed the occurrence of fish sounds at greater depths by monitoring the soundscape of a Mediterranean submarine canyon (Calvi, France) thanks...

The soundscape composition of temperate freshwater habitats is poorly understood. Our goal was to document the occurrence of biological and anthropogenic sounds in freshwater habitats over a large (46,000 km²) area along the geographic corridors of five major river systems in North America (Connecticut, Kennebec, Merrimack, Presumpscot, and Saco)....

Although many fish species are vocal, the use of fish sounds for aquaculture management and wild population protection has not received much attention. In this study, sound production of three members of the Sciaenidae family was monitored before and during spawning in aquaculture facilities. The species examined include the meagre Argyrosomus regi...

Example of freshwater fish sounds recorded by the senior author

Review of literature on freshwater fish sounds in North America and Europe.

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) uses hydrophones to record all components of underwater soundscapes, including fish calls. Several studies have used PAM to investigate different aspects of vocal fish species, such as presence, distribution, relative abundance, diel, lunar and seasonal cycle of activity as well as for delimitating spawning areas a...

The soundscape composition of freshwater habitats is poorly understood. Our goal was to document the occurrence of biological sounds in a large variety of freshwater habitats over a large geographic area. The underwater soundscape was sampled in freshwater habitat categorized as brook/creek, pond/lake, or river, from five major river systems in Nor...

Submarine canyons are key structures for ecosystem functioning in the Mediterranean Sea. This study was conducted in the canyon of Calvi (North-West Corsica, France) by using a combination of Static Acoustic Monitoring (SAM) and hydrophone integrated gliders (Seaexplorer, Alseamar). During summer 2016 and 2017, three SAM campaigns (-125 m to -150 m...

The ecological importance of the freshwater soundscape is just beginning to be recognized by society. Scientists are beginning to apply Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) methods that are well established in marine systems to freshwater systems to map spatial and temporal patterns of behaviors associated with fish sounds as well as noise impacts on...

We sought to describe sounds of some of the common fishes suspected of producing unidentified air movement sounds in soundscape surveys of freshwater habitats in the New England region of North America. Soniferous behavior of target fishes was monitored in real time in the field in both natural and semi-natural environments by coupling Passive Acou...

Brown trout sound production behavior. Movie of brown trout behavior during production of the sound series shown in Fig 7A. (MP4)

Brown trout behavior in slow motion. Movie of brown trout behavior during production of the sound series shown in Fig 7A. Video slowed to half speed to clarify the relationship between bubble release and sound production. (AVI)

Alewife bubble release. Movie of alewife behavior and bubble release in which only weak bubble sounds were acoustically detected (compare with S1 Video). (WMV)

Attributed atlantic salmon sounds. Recording of unknown salmonid sound series shown in Fig 9A. Sounds from the unknown salmonid are provisionally attributed to Atlantic salmon. (WAV)

Raw measurement data. Data file containing acoustic measurements for each sound and sound series. Data compiled from Raven Pro 1.5 acoustic software [11] selection tables and edited for clarity. (XLS)

Alewife sounds. Recording of alewife sound series shown in Fig 2A. (WAV)

Alewife sound production behavior. Movie of alewife behavior while producing the sound series shown in Fig 2A. (MP4)

White sucker sounds. Recording of white sucker sound series shown in Fig 5A. (WAV)

Brook trout sounds. Recording of brook trout sound series shown in Fig 6A. (WAV)

Brown trout sounds. Recording of brown trout sound series shown in Fig 7A. (WAV)

Detailed methodology. Detailed description of sampling locations and methods. (DOCX)

Alewife behavior in slow motion. Movie of alewife behavior while producing the sound series shown in Fig 2A. The video is slowed to half speed to clarify behavior and the relationship between sounds and bubble release. (AVI)

Alewife bubble release in slow motion. Movie of alewife behavior and bubble release in which only weak bubble sounds were acoustically detected. Video slowed to half speed to clarify behavior and sounds at the time of bubble release (compare with S3 Video). (AVI)

Brook trout sound production behavior. Movie of brown trout behavior during bubble release when fish sounds were not detected. (WMV)

Rainbow trout sounds. Recording of rainbow trout sound series shown in Fig 8A. (WAV)

Acoustic communication is an important part of social behaviour of fish species that live or breed in shallow noisy waters. Previous studies have shown that some fish species exploit a quiet window in the background noise for communication. However, it remains to be examined if hearing abilities and sound production of fish are adapted to marine ha...

We conducted a roving survey of five major river systems and adjacent, creek, lake, and pond habitats located within the northeastern United States. Fish sounds were recorded in 49% of 175 locations. Air movement sounds, including fast repetitive tick (FRT), occurred at 41% of the locations. Sluggish creeks had the highest occurrence of fish sounds...

full text available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/YasWGUcgU2QgVmcSwiBk/full The aims of this study were to (i) assess the efficacy of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) for detecting Arctic Charr at their spawning grounds and (ii) characterize the overall acoustic soundscape of these sites. PAM was carried out over three Arctic Charr spawnin...

Link to full text download: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.13244/epdf The behaviour of sexually mature Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus specimens (fifth farm generation)was observed in captivity for four consecutive days. Only agonistic interactions between males of different size were facilitated on the first 2 days, while both ago...

During the summer of 2015, four Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) surveys were carried out over a mussel farm in the Venetian (Italy) littoral zone at night-time hours. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the soundscape was carried out. The high frequencies component of the soundscape (i.e above 2 kHz) was dominated by snapping shrimps sound...

Acoustic recordings were carried out in two different glacial lakes (i.e. Lough Na Fooey, Ireland and Windermere, U.K) using different Passive Acoustic Monitoring approaches. At Lough Na Fooey, a vessel-based survey over pre-established sampling stations covering the entire lake surface (together with a bottom survey) was carried out, while a moore...

Over the last fifty years, anthropogenic noise has increased dramatically in aquatic environments and is now recognised as a chronic form of pollution in coastal waters. However, this form of pollution has been largely neglected in inland water bodies. To date, very few studies have investigated the noise spectra in freshwater environments and at p...

Over the last fifty years, anthropogenic noise has increased dramatically in aquatic environments and is now recognised as a chronic form of pollution in coastal waters. However, this form of pollution has been largely neglected in inland water bodies. To date, very few studies have investigated the noise spectra in freshwater environments and at p...

p>Over the last fifty years, anthropogenic noise has increased dramatically in aquatic environments and is now recognised as a chronic form of pollution in coastal waters. However, this form of pollution has been largely neglected in inland water bodies. To date, very few studies have investigated the noise spectra in freshwater environments and at...

Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus did not appear to invest in acoustic communication during courtship and agonistic interactions in captivity. Salvelinus alpinus did, however, produce four different types of sounds which were found to be associated with three different types of air exchange behaviours which probably have a swimbladder regulation func...

Sounds produced by the Shi drum Umbrina cirrosa were short trains of pulses with an average pulse period of 180ms, pulse duration of c. 40ms and an average peak frequency of 400Hz; average values of acoustical properties differed from those recorded from the brown meagre Sciaena umbra in previous studies. The present study provides a preliminary to...

The passive listening technique is a non-invasive, cheap and reliable method for monitoring man-made noise levels as well as fish communicative sounds, in order to characterize the acoustic energies (spectra, level and duration) as potential factors injuring fish populations. We conducted three passive listening surveys in the Venetian littoral usi...

In the last 20 years, research has been directed towards possible differences in the mating behaviour of species belonging to the Salmonidae family that may reproductively isolate wild populations from escaped hatchery or farmed fish. Despite these studies, a detailed description of the overall behavioural repertoire of Salmonidae species from wild...

Underwater noise emitted by a modern passenger cruise liner in the Venice lagoon under normal operational conditions was recorded in situ and analysed. This boat type causes a maximum increment of 27 dB re 1 μPa on the local background noise at 160 Hz 1/3 octave band frequency. This is of particular concern, considering that we calculated an averag...

Does the Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) rely on sound to communicate? First evidence of acoustic communication in Arctic char. Marta Bolgan, Joanne O'Brien, Martin Gammell Galway Mayo Institute of Technology Many fish species rely on sound in reproductive activities, territory defense, food competition, homing, navigation or as a response to thr...

Communication signals provide key information for conspecific recognition, mate choice and rival assessment. The painted goby Pomatoschistus pictus and the common goby P. microps are two closely-related sand goby species, often sympatric and with an overlapping breeding season. In this study we staged male–male and male–female interactions and comp...

Pomatoschistus pictus is a coastal and estuarine species that inhabits shallow gravel and sand ­substrate areas of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea (Miller 1986). Studies on P. pictus show that, like in other species of this genus (Malavasi et al. 2008), males produce sounds during courtship and agonistic contexts (Amorim and Neves...

Many vertebrates, including teleosts, rely on acoustic signals for communication (Myrberg and Lugli 2006). Sound production has been documented in four species of sand gobies (Pomatoschistus). Males of the sand (P. minutus), marbled (P. marmoratus), and canestrini (P. canestrinii) gobies produce low-frequency pulsed sounds when females enter the ne...

Summary 1. Females use multiple cues from different sensory modalities to choose males of high phenotypic or genetic quality to mate with. Fish may use visual and acoustic communication during mating, but few studies have associated multimodal signals with male quality and reproductive success. 2. We examined whether visual and acoustic courtship s...

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