
Markus FunkNuance Communications
Markus Funk
PhD
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108
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Introduction
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February 2013 - present
Publications
Publications (108)
Human-drone interaction (HDI) is becoming an ubiquitous topic in daily life, and a rising research topic within CHI. Knowledge from a wealth of disciplines-design, engineering , social sciences, and humanities-can inform the design and scholarship of HDI, and interdisciplinary communication is essential to this end. The Interdisciplinary Workshop o...
Voters play an important role in end-to-end verifiable e-voting schemes because the schemes encourage them to carry out several security-critical tasks by themselves. If the voters cannot complete the tasks by themselves or experience bad usability while executing them, vote manipulations by either a faulty software or deliberate attacks cannot be...
With smartphones being a prime example, touchscreens became one of the most widely used interface to interact with computing systems. Compared to other touchscreen devices, smartphones pose additional challenges as the hand that interacts with the device is commonly used to also hold the device. Consequently, determining how fingers of the hand hol...
Over the last decades, E-learning has gained a lot of popularity and enabled students to learn in front of their computers using Internet-based learning systems rather than physically attending lectures. Those E-learning systems are different from traditional learning and do not fully immerse the student in the learning environment. Thus, we propos...
Virtual Reality Environments (VRE) create an immersive user experience through visual, aural, and haptic sensations. However, the latter is often limited to vibrotactile sensations that are not able to actively provide kinesthetic motion actuation. Further, such sensations do not cover natural representations of physical forces, for example, when l...
With the proliferation of room-scale Virtual Reality (VR), more and more users install a VR system in their homes. When users are in VR, they are usually completely immersed in their application. However, sometimes passersby invade these tracking spaces and walk up to users that are currently immersed in VR to try and interact with them. As this ei...
Human body postures are an important input modality for motion guidance and other application domains in HCI, e.g. games, character animations, and interaction with public displays. However, for training and guidance of body postures prior research had to define their own whole body gesture sets. Hence, the interaction designs and evaluation result...
In recent years, the inclusion of persons with visual impairments (PVI) is taking tremendous steps, especially with regards to group meetings. However, a significant part of communication is conveyed through non-verbal communication which is commonly inaccessible, such as deictic pointing gestures or the mimics and body language of participants. In...
Recent technical advances introduced drones into the consumer market. Thus, past research explored drones as levitating objects that provide in-situ interaction and assistance. While specific use cases and feedback scenarios have been researched extensively, technical and social constraints prevent drones from proliferating into daily life. In this...
Room-scale Virtual Reality (VR) systems have arrived in users' homes where tracked environments are set up in limited physical spaces. As most Virtual Environments (VEs) are larger than the tracked physical space, locomotion techniques are used to navigate in VEs. Currently, in recent VR games, point & teleport is the most popular locomotion techni...
From voice commands and air taps to touch gestures on frames: Various techniques for interacting with head-mounted displays (HMDs) have been proposed. While these techniques have both benefits and drawbacks dependent on the current situation of the user, research on interacting with HMDs has not concluded yet. In this paper, we add to the body of r...
Hover, touch, and force are promising input modalities that get increasingly integrated into screens and everyday objects. However, these interactions are often limited to flat surfaces and the integration of suitable sensors is time-consuming and costly. To alleviate these limitations, we contribute Trilaterate: A fabrication pipeline to 3D print...
Commercial drones have recently been developed to encompass use cases beyond aerial photography and videography. Researchers have explored wider applications of drones including using drones as social companions, as key components in virtual environments, as assistive tools for people with disabilities, and even as sport companions. However the upt...
Locomotion in Virtual Reality (VR) is an important topic as there is a mismatch between the size of a Virtual Environment and the physically available tracking space. Although many locomotion techniques have been proposed, research on VR locomotion has not concluded yet. In this demonstration, we contribute to the area of VR locomotion by introduci...
With head-mounted displays (HMDs), users can access and interact with a broad range of applications and data. Although some of this information is privacy-sensitive or even confidential, no intuitive, unobtrusive and secure authentication technique is available yet for HMDs. We present LookUnlock, an authentication technique for HMDs that uses pass...
With emerging trends of notifying persons through ubiquitous technologies, such as ambient light, vibrotactile, or auditory cues, none of these technologies are truly ubiquitous and have proven to be easily missed or ignored. In this work, we propose Slappyfications, a novel way of sending unmissable embodied and ubiquitous notifications through a...
We present VRHapticDrones, a system utilizing quadcopters as levitating haptic feedback proxy. A touchable surface is attached to the side of the quadcopters to provide unintrusive, flexible, and programmable haptic feedback in virtual reality. Since the users' sense of presence in virtual reality is a crucial factor for the overall user experience...
When ordering a product the options to personalize or customize the items have increased over the last years. This flexibility has lead to an increasing number of variants in manufactured products. As storing produced items is expensive, companies tend to produce their products lean, i.e. in smaller lot sizes just when they are needed. This lean ma...
Recent research has presented quadcopters to enable mid-air interaction. Using quadcopters to provide tactile feedback, navigation, or user input are the current scope of related work. However, most quadcopter steering systems are complicated to use for non-expert users or require an expensive tracking system for autonomous flying. Safety-critical...
Using assistance technology always comes with the challenge of social acceptability. While an accessibility device might have great implications for a person with disabilities, it might come with unpleasant social implications. In this paper, we want to assess the social implications of flying companion quadcopters for navigating persons with visua...
Tabletop computers have been set out to change the way people work by providing a display on the table surface. Still they're only flat displays with digital content behind a glass screen. Tangibles extended the interface into the third dimension. However, the content still sticks mostly to the screen or is projected onto rigid objects. In this wor...
Order picking is a difficult and cognitively demanding task. Traditionally textual instructions are helping new workers to learn different picking routines. However, the textual instructions are sometimes not written in the workers ' native languages. In the area of Industry 4.0, where digital functions are finding their way into manufacturing proc...
With the recent advance in computing technology, more and more environments are becoming interactive. For interacting with these environments, traditionally 2D input and output elements are being used. However, recently interaction spaces also expanded to 3D space, which enabled new possibilities but also led to challenges in assisting users with i...
We are experiencing a trend of personal fabrication that allows non-experts to produce highly individualized objects. Beyond 3D printing, this maker movement also approaches larger-scale production machines such as computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling machines that are available in local fabrication laboratories (FabLabs). While the user i...
Manual assembly at production is a mentally demanding task. With rapid prototyping and smaller production lot sizes, this results in frequent changes of assembly instructions that have to be memorized by workers. Assistive systems compensate this increase in mental workload by providing "just-in-time" assembly instructions through in-situ projectio...
Envisioning, designing, and implementing the user interface require a comprehensive understanding of interaction technologies. In this forum we scout trends and discuss new technologies with the potential to influence interaction design. --- Albrecht Schmidt, Editor
Every day people rely on navigation systems when exploring unknown urban areas. Many navigation systems use multimodal feedback like visual, auditory or tactile cues. Although other systems exist, users mostly rely on a visual navigation using their smartphone. However, a problem with visual navigation systems is that the users have to shift their...
The digitalized world comes with increasing Internet capabilities, allowing to connect persons over distance easier than ever before. Video conferencing and similar online applications create great benefits bringing people who physically cannot spend as much time as they want virtually together. However, such remote experiences can also tend to los...
We are experiencing a trend of integrating computing functionality into more and more common and popular devices. While these so-called smart devices offer many possibilities for automation and personalization of everyday routines, interacting with them and customizing them requires either programming efforts or a smartphone app to control the devi...
The emergence of smart objects has the potential to radically change the way we interact with technology. Through embedded means for input and output, such objects allow for more natural and immediate interaction.
The SmartObjects workshop will focus on how such embedded intelligence in objects situated in the user's physical environment can be use...
Recent advances in technology and miniaturization allow the building of self-levitating tangible interfaces. This includes flying tangibles, which extend the mid-air interaction space from 2D to 3D. While a number of theoretical concepts about interaction with levitating tangibles were previously investigated by various researchers, a user-centered...
In der nachfolgenden Arbeit wird ein Assistenzsystem für manuelle Montageprozesse vorgestellt, welches im Zuge des Forschungsprojektes motionEAP entwickelt wurde. Neben der technischen Umsetzung werden die pädagogischen, psychologischen und ethischen Aspekte für die Nutzung dieses Assistenzsystems erläutert. Anschließend daran werden die Auswirkung...
Virtual Reality (VR) has the potential to overcome natural constraints and present things that would not be visible in the physical world. This makes the medium of VR a powerful tool for learning that allows users to become highly immersed in complex topics. In this paper, we compare a VR learning environment with a traditional 2D learning environm...
Evolution in technology causes privacy issues, which are currently under intense discussion. Here, much attention is given to smart cameras, the Internet of Things and the Internet in general , while sonic AR systems are overlooked. Many users, for example, blindfold their laptop cameras with physical layers, but it seems as if no attention is draw...
Even though, three-dimensional representations of architectural models exist, experiencing these models like one would experience a fully constructed building is still a major challenge. With Virtual Reality (VR) it is now possible to experience a number of scenarios in a virtual environment. Also prototyping interactive architecture elements, whic...
Today's industrial jobs require a skilled and trained workforce as tasks such as maintenance, service, and repair are becoming more complicated and more demanding. Therefore, both education and training for executing these tasks are becoming more important. Usually training is conducted on-site at designated training facilities with physical hardwa...
Augmented Reality (AR) is becoming more and more popular and many applications across multiple domains are developed on AR hardware such as the Microsoft HoloLens or similar Head-Mounted Displays (HMD). Most of the AR applications are visualizing information that was not visible before and enable interaction with this information using voice input,...
With the advent of digitalization in industrial settings, referred to as Industry 4.0, more and more machine data is being collected and analyzed during a machine's life cycle. The availability to leverage machine data allows the concept of the Digital Twin. The more data that is collected the more statistically relevant and reliable the digital re...
Although a large number of navigation support systems for visually impaired people have been proposed in the past, navigating through unknown environments is still a major challenge for visually impaired travelers. Existing systems provide navigation information through headphones, speakers or tactile actuators. In this paper, we propose to use sma...
Teaching new assembly instructions at manual assembly workplaces has evolved from human supervision to digitized automatic assistance. Assistive systems provide dynamic support, adapt to the user needs, and alleviate perceived workload from expert workers supporting freshman workers. New assembly instructions can be implemented at a fast pace. Thes...
Humans and machines work closer together as never before. Whether it is about sensors to expand humans' sensorium, exo-skeletons augmenting physical capabilities, augmented and digital worlds breaking with physical boundaries, or curated digital memories: the value of all these technologies rises and falls with their ability to synchronize with the...
Recent technology advances allow larger groups of people to reach more remote places. However, threats like sudden changes in weather, dangerous animals, or rough terrain are still present and sometimes underestimated. We propose autonomous personal drones, specifically quadcopters, as a supportive ubiquitous interface during backcountry activities...
Research on how to take advantage of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality applications and technologies in the domain of manufacturing has brought forward a great number of concepts, prototypes, and working systems. Although comprehensive surveys have taken account of the state of the art, the design space of industrial augmented and virtual reali...
Due to increasing complexity of products and the demographic change at manual assembly workplaces, interactive and context-aware instructions for assembling products are becoming more and more important. Over the last years, many systems using head-mounted displays (HMDs) and in-situ projection have been proposed. We are observing a trend in assist...
Room-scale virtual reality (VR) holds great potential as a medium for communication and collaboration in remote and same-time, same-place settings. Related work has established that movement realism can create a strong sense of social presence, even in the absence of photorealism. Here, we explore the noteworthy attributes of communicative interact...
Springer International Publishing AG 2017. Room-scale virtual reality (VR) holds great potential as a medium for communication and collaboration in remote and same-time, same-place settings. Related work has established that movement realism can create a strong sense of social presence, even in the absence of photorealism. Here, we explore the note...
Assistive systems have become commercially available to help new workers or workers with cognitive disabilities to learn new tasks. However, continuous feedback systems can make the worker feel patronized or bored, which might influence their performance. We present ABBAS, a novel integration of four different bio-sensors into an assistive system,...
Assistive systems have become commercially available to help new workers or workers with cognitive disabilities to learn new tasks. However, continuous feedback systems can make the worker feel patronized or bored, which might influence their performance. We present ABBAS, a novel integration of four different bio-sensors into an assistive system,...
Head-mounted displays for virtual reality (VR) provide high-fidelity visual and auditory experiences. Other modalities are currently less supported. Current commercial devices typically deliver tactile feedback through controllers the user holds in the hands. Since both hands get occupied and tactile feedback can only be provided at a single positi...
This Spotlight department features two separate articles. In "Flying Displays and Drone-Assisted Art Making," Jürgen Scheible and Markus Funk provide an overview of their work in creating flying displays and viewports for drone-assisted art making. In "Interactive Context-Aware Projections with Drones for Exergaming," Klen Copic Pucihar, Matjaz Klj...
Durch den Einzug von computergestützten Systemen in industrielle Produktionsprozesse (Industrie 4.0) werden mehr und mehr Anwendungen möglich, die Arbeitern während komplexen Aufgaben helfen können. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der manuellen Kommissionierung und stellt einen Überblick über computergestützte Assistenzsysteme für diese Tätigke...
This work-in-progress paper describes our project SMARTKITCHEN, an interdisciplinary research project focusing on interactive display deployment in the kitchen - in particular around the cooking area. By applying a user-centered design approach the project aims to examine how screen-based interactive digital media can be accessed naturally in a con...
Mobile phone-based Virtual Reality (VR) is rapidly growing as a platform for stereoscopic 3D and non-3D digital content and applications. The ability to track eye gaze in these devices would be a tremendous opportunity on two fronts: firstly, as an interaction technique, where interaction is currently awkward and limited, and secondly, for studying...
More and more industrial manufacturing companies are outsourcing assembly tasks to sheltered work organizations where cognitively impaired workers are employed. To facilitate these assembly tasks assistive systems have been introduced to provide cognitive assistance. While previous work found that these assistive systems have a great impact on the...
Interactive tabletops or projections became widely utilized in schools, museum exhibitions or conference rooms to teach and illustrate dynamic artifacts or support talks. In such scenarios, all observers, such as pupils and teachers, will perceive the same information even if they hold different positions and could benefit from an adapted and perso...
Kurzfassung Der Trend eine hohe Anzahl von gleichen Bauteilen in Serie herzustellen bewegt sich weiter weg in Richtung individueller Herstellung von Bauteilen nach den Wünschen der Kunden. Dies erzeugt neue Herausforderungen für Produktionsstätten, da oft nur ein geringer Bedarf von speziell angefertigten Bauteilen besteht. Entsprechend müssen Mont...
Projectors shrink in size, are embedded in some mobile devices, and with the miniaturization of projection technology truly mobile projected displays became possible. In this paper, the authors present a survey of the current state of the art on such displays. They give a holistic overview of current literature and categorize mobile projected displ...
Photos are a rich and popular form for preserving memories. Thus, they are widely used as cues to augment human memory. Near-continuous capture and sharing of photos have generated a need to summarize and review relevant photos to revive important events. However, there is limited work on exploring how regular reviewing of selected photos influence...
With increasing complexity of assembly tasks and an increasing number of product variants, instruction systems providing cognitive support at the workplace are becoming more important. Different instruction systems for the workplace provide instructions on phones, tablets, and head-mounted displays (HMDs). Recently, many systems using in-situ proje...
Devices with touchscreens have an inherent latency. When a user's finger drags an object across the screen the object follows with a latency of around 100ms for current devices. Previous work showed that latencies down to 25ms reduce users' performance and that even 10ms latency is noticeable. In this paper we demonstrate an approach that reduces l...
The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities implies an increase in participation in employment for individuals with cognitive disabilities. In this process, assistive technology plays an important role. This paper shows results of how a technical assistance system providing cognitive support can promote participation in the field o...
The way human perceive their environment depends strongly on the senses they have. One of them is the natural first person view using their eyes, which is limited regarding the field of view, perceived wavelengths or angular resolution. A third person view, which is often used in video games to provide a better visibility of the avatar and its surr...
The increasing demand to customize products affects production workers in many industries, as assembly tasks become more complex due to higher product variety. Assistive systems providing instructions at the workplace have been proposed to overcome increasing cognitive demand during assembly tasks. Commercially available assistive systems provide s...
We are observing a trend that more and more manual assembly workplaces are equipped with sensor technology to assist workers during complex work tasks. These assistive systems mostly use visual feedback for providing assembly instructions or hinting at errors. However, a red light indicating an error might not always be the best solution for commun...
Order picking is one of the most complex and error-prone tasks that can be found in the industry. To support the workers, many order picking instruction systems have been proposed. A large number of systems focus on equipping the user with head-mounted displays or equipping the environment with projectors to support the workers. However combining t...