Mark Sochor

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Verified

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• MD, MS
• Associate Professor at University of Virginia

Importance Acetaminophen (paracetamol) has many pharmacological effects that might be beneficial in sepsis, including inhibition of cell-free hemoglobin-induced oxidation of lipids and other substrates. Objective To determine whether acetaminophen increases days alive and free of organ dysfunction in sepsis compared with placebo. Design, Setting,...

Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a leading cause of acute spinal injuries. Chronic spinal pathologies are common in the population. Thus, determining the incidence of different types of spinal injuries due to MVCs and understanding biomechanical mechanism of these injuries is important for distinguishing acute injuries from chronic degenerative...

Objective The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is an anatomic-based injury coding system that strives to provide sufficient detail to differentiate unique injuries for the purposes of research and quality assurance, while limiting the total number of codes to facilitate efficient use. It has been shown that a substantial portion of codes are unused i...

Our goal was to develop non-pharmacologic strategies for addressing sensory challenges that patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face in emergency departments (EDs). Search of five databases for articles written in English and published since 1980 returned 816 citations, of which 28 papers were selected for review. All studies were publishe...

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a substantial societal burden. The development of better technologies and systems to prevent and/or mitigate the severity of brain injury requires an improved understanding of the mechanisms of brain injury, and more specifically, how head impact exposure relates to brain deformation. Biomechanical investigations...

Dual Sequential Defibrillation (DSD) has shown promise in the management of refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF). In the recent past, there have been a number of reports on the topic with varying results. Some studies have concluded that DSD provides no benefit over standard defibrillation therapy of RVF in terms of survival and neurological o...

[This corrects the article on p. 1108 in vol. 18, PMID: 29085544.].

Objective: Previous work has shown that the lap belt moves superior and forward compared to the bony pelvis as body mass index (BMI) increases. The goal of this project was to determine whether the location of lap belt loading is related to BMI for occupants who sustained real-world motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Methods: A national MVC database...

Introduction There are established and validated clinical decision tools for cervical spine clearance. Almost all the rules include spinal tenderness on exam as an indication for imaging. Our goal was to apply GLASS, a previously derived clinical decision tool for cervical spine clearance, to thoracolumbar injuries. GLass intact Assures Safe Spine...

Importance The practice of facial trauma surgery would benefit from a useful quantitative scale that measures the extent of injury. Objective To develop a facial trauma scale that incorporates only reducible fractures and is able to be reliably communicated to health care professionals. Design and Setting A cadaveric tissue study was conducted fr...

Objectives: The two objectives of this study are to 1) examine the rib and sternal fractures sustained by small stature elderly females in simulated frontal crashes and 2) determine how the findings are characterized by prior knowledge and field data. Methods: A test series was conducted to evaluate the response of five elderly (average age 76 y...

INTRODUCTION Step‐wise medical education has resulted in an increased demand for cadaveric tissue with extended retention times. Soft cure‐embalming, an alternative anatomical preservation technique, has been designed to meet the research and medical training needs of today's students. The soft cure‐embalming (SCE) technique accomplishes a realisti...

This study was conducted to identify the event characteristics of mass gatherings that predict patient presentation rates held in a southeastern US university community. We conducted a retrospective review of all event-based emergency medical services (EMS) records from mass gathering patient presentations over an approximate 23 month period, from...

VA State Anatomical Program (VSAP) has developed soft embalming method (modified Thiel) for research & medical training. VSAP soft embalming technique(VSAP SE) accomplishes realistic tissue feel w/out rapid biological breakdown. Cadavers increasing in expense leading to need for extended retention times. Thus there is increased demand for cadaveric...

The objective of the current study was to characterize the whole-body kinematic response of restrained PMHS in controlled laboratory rollover tests. A dynamic rollover test system (DRoTS) and a parametric vehicle buck were used to conduct 36 rollover tests on four adult male PMHS with varied test conditions to study occupant kinematics during the r...

Older adults are at greater risk than younger adults for life-threatening injury after motor vehicle collision (MVC). Among those with life-threatening injury, older adults are also at greater risk of not being transported by emergency medical services (EMS) to an emergency department. Despite the greater risk of serious injury and non-transportati...

Objectives We studied a population of individuals who experienced an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event while traveling abroad and required nonurgent commercial air travel to the home region. Methods This retrospective study gathered data from 288 patients enrolled in a travel-based medical assistance program. Interventions, complications, and tr...

Objective: Occupants in high-speed motor vehicle collisions often show subcutaneous adipose tissue enhancement on 3D reconstruction CTs that appears consistent with the path of the seat belt. These subcutaneous adipose beltmarks (SABs) may aid in clinical and biomechanical research. The goal of this project was to provide an initial proof-of-concep...

Introduction and objectives There are multiple approaches to teach residents the skill of endotracheal intubation, including classroom teaching, cadaveric specimens, and simulation mannequins. The hypothesis of our study is training in the technique of intubation is equally mastered (resident confidence and competency) in training on human cadavers...

Objective: Describe the technique of instrumentation of the human body for capturing anatomic motion at high speed. A human body interacting with its environment is at risk for injury. Anatomic structures with viscoelastic properties do not behave in the same way at high speed. It's necessary to study these interactions when developing mechanical s...

Susceptibility of the Aging Thorax to Motor Vehicle Crash Injuries Objective: Evaluate the appearance of the phenomenon that the aging thorax ribs become more horizontally oriented. It is hypothesized that the more horizontal orientation of the rib cage appears to cause more rib fractures in the elderly population when exposed to crash forces throu...

OBJECTIVE: Emergency Medical Technicians & paramedics(course participants) need to execute a number of life‐saving procedures that are infrequently performed. Fresh frozen cadavers(FFC) serve as realistic models on which to teach and practice medical procedures. METHODS: A workshop was developed to train course participants in medical procedures us...

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the response of postmortem human subjects (PMHS) to a large-volume side air bag in a fully instrumented and well-controlled side impact test condition. Methods: Three adult male PMHS were subjected to right-side pure lateral impacts. Each stationary seated subject was struck at 4.3 ± 0.1 m/s by...

In far-side impacts, head contact with interior components is a key injury mechanism. Restraint characteristics have a pronounced influence on head motion and injury risk. This study performed a parametric examination of restraint, positioning, and collision factors affecting shoulder belt retention and occupant kinematics in far-side lateral and o...

Monitoring head accelerations as an indicator of possible brain injury may lead to faster identification of injury and treatments. This study investigates the skull-coupling of a tri-axial accelerometer mounted to a back molar and compares it with a tri-axial accelerometer inserted in the boney ear canal. These tri-axial accelerometers were mounted...

Hip dislocations are rare events. As a consequence, medical residents have little opportunity to gain experience through repeated practice. In fact, little is known about the forces and displacements that experienced physicians employ during the procedure. This study seeks to quantify the strategic maneuvering and substantial force required to repo...

Objective: The recent refinement of high-rate optical tracking allows dramatically detailed thoracic deformation measurements to be taken during postmortem human subject (PMHS) sled tests. These data allow analysis of restraint belt geometry and the 3-dimensional thoracic deformations generated by belt impingement. One consequence of this new capa...

Background: Selective cervical spine immobilization performed by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is being utilized with increasing frequency. These protocols, although very sensitive, still include subjective data such as "mild cervical discomfort." The aim of this study is to create an objective clinical decision rule that would enhance the sele...

Background: Adequate chest compression (CC) depth is associated with increased survival to hospital discharge, yet specific data guiding CC depth targets in children are lacking. Current guidelines for pediatric CCs are based on extrapolation from adults, animal models, and expert consensus. Given this lack of data, investigation into the biomechan...

This paper quantifies pediatric thoracoabdominal response to belt loading to guide the scaling of existing adult response data and to assess the validity of a juvenile porcine abdominal model for application to the development of physical and computational models of the human child. Table-top belt-loading experiments were performed on 6, 7, and 15...

We examined the accuracy of research participant characterizations of motor vehicle collisions (MVC). We conducted an emergency department-based prospective study of adults presenting for care after experiencing an MVC. Study participants completed a structured clinical interview that assessed the number of lanes of the road where the collision too...

A better coupling of the occupant to the car seat in the early phase of a frontal or far side impacts using pretensioner systems may reduce the likelihood of the submarining effect or increases the likelihood of seat belt engaging the shoulder, respectively. However, the high belt forces may also increase the risk of upper body injuries to the vehi...

Associated mechanisms of injuries sustained by rollover-involved occupants are absent from the existing literature, which restricts the applicability of existing studies on cervical spine injury tolerance in the development of injury criteria for rollover-induced injuries. The objective of this study was to analyze the pathologies and specific spin...

Background: The trend towards higher gasoline prices over the past decade in the U.S. has been associated with higher rates of bicycle use for utilitarian trips. This shift towards non-motorized transportation should be encouraged from a physical activity promotion and sustainability perspective. However, gas-price induced changes in travel behavio...

This study investigates the peak force and force at fracture in the patella complex from an axial load similar to that of a knee bolster impact during a frontal automobile collision. A rigid impactor and a 689 kPa padded impactor are used to compare the mechanical behaviour of ‘older’ (mean = 74 years) and ‘younger’ (35 years) post-mortem human sur...

To describe a new method for analyzing and documenting the causes of injuries in motor vehicle crashes that has been implemented since 2005 in cases investigated by the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network (CIREN). The new method, called BioTab, documents injury causation using evidence from in-depth crash investigations. BioTab focuses on dev...

The recent refinement of high-rate optical tracking allows dramatically detailed thoracic deformation measurements to be taken during PMHS sled tests. These data allows analysis of restraint belt geometry and the three-dimensional thoracic deformations generated by belt impingement. One consequence of this new capability is a better understanding o...

A better coupling of the occupant to the car seat in the early phase of a frontal crash using pretensioner systems may potentially avoid head-vehicle contact and reduces the likelihood of the submarining effect. However, the high belt forces developed during pre-tensioning may also increase the risk of abdominal injuries to the vehicle occupant. Th...

The objective of the current study was to provide a comprehensive characterization of human biomechanical response to whole-body, lateral impact. Three approximately 50th-percentile adult male PMHS were subjected to right-side pure lateral impacts at 4.3 ± 0.1 m/s using a rigid wall mounted to a rail-mounted sled. Each subject was positioned on a r...

Large events have been defined in many ways, from the vague description of a focused gathering of people to the more specific description of an event with at least 1,000 spectators and participants who are gathered at a specific location for a defined period of time. Regardless of the definition applied, the actual medical requirements vary conside...

We describe current alcohol screening and brief intervention practices in emergency departments (EDs) at Level I and Level II trauma centers and characterize ED directors' attitudes and perceived barriers associated with these practices among injured patients in the ED. ED directors at Level I and Level II trauma centers were surveyed about current...

No experimental data exist quantifying the force-deformation behavior of the pediatric chest when subjected to non-impact, dynamic loading from a diagonal belt or a distributed loading surface. Kent et al. (2006) previously published juvenile abdominal response data collected using a porcine model. This paper reports on a series of experiments on a...

The pelves of the child dummies of the widely used Hybrid-III family are based on minimal data from children. Because an accurate pelvis design is critical for realistic assessments of belt restraint interactions, an analysis of medical imaging data was conducted to develop guidance for improved pelvis design. Three-dimensional polygonal meshes of...

Detailed fatal injury data after fatal motor vehicle crashes (MVC) are necessary to improve occupant safety and promote injury prevention. Autopsy remains the principle source of detailed fatal injury data. However, procedure rates are declining because of a range of technical, ethical, and religious concerns. Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT)...

OBJECTIVE: This project was undertaken to improve understanding of factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes of pregnant occupants involved in motor-vehicle crashes. STUDY DESIGN: In-depth investigations of crashes involving 57 preg- nant occupants were performed. Maternal and fetal injuries, restraint information, measures of external and int...

Catechol O-Methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme which degrades catecholamines, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. A common functional polymorphism of the COMT gene (Val 158Met) decreases COMT thermostability, resulting in a 3-4 fold reduction in COMT enzyme activity. The allelic affects are codominant, so that individuals with th...

Background: Detailed fatal injury data following fatal motor vehicle crashes (MVC) are necessary to improve occupant safety and promote injury prevention. Autopsy remains the principle source of detailed fatal injury data. However, procedure rates are declining due to a range of technical, ethical and religious concerns. Postmortem computed tomogra...

This project was undertaken to improve understanding of factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes of pregnant occupants involved in motor-vehicle crashes. In-depth investigations of crashes involving 57 pregnant occupants were performed. Maternal and fetal injuries, restraint information, measures of external and internal vehicle damage, and d...

To advance occupant protection through the improvement of safety countermeasures, it is necessary to understand the factors that affect human injury tolerance. This study investigated the effect of 'occupant factors' i.e. age, gender, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) on the pattern of lower extremity injury after motor vehicle crashes (MVC...

Motor vehicle crashes account for more than 50% of pediatric injuries. Triage of pediatric patients to appropriate centers can be based on the crash/injury characteristics. Pediatric motor vehicle crash/injury characteristics can be determined from an in vitro laboratory using child crash dummies. However, to date, no detailed data with respect to...

A method has been developed to identify and document the locations of rib fractures from two-dimensional CT images obtained from occupants of crashes investigated in the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network (CIREN). The location of each rib fracture includes the vertical location by rib number (1 through 12), the lateral location by side of th...

The intent of this study was to compare the neck responses measured from the Hybrid III 3 and 6-year-old ATDs in laboratory testing to injuries sustained by three children in a field crash and investigate the appropriateness of recommended in-position neck injury assessment reference values (IARVs), and the regulated out-of-position (OOP) IARVs spe...

Motor Vehicle Crash Injuries. M , M , S Patel, T Bollinger, R Maio INJURY AND VIOLENCE IN AMERICA.[np]. 2005., 2005.

Pelvic ring fractures (PRFs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Understanding the factors leading to PRFs may help improve vehicle design and safety. This study sought to determine the vehicular, crash, and occupant characteristics that contribute to PRFs. From 1997 to 2003, 240 adult patients involved...

Male occupants in frontal motor vehicle collisions have reduced tolerance for hip fractures than females in similar crashes. We studied 92 adult pelvic CT scans and found significant gender differences in bony pelvic geometry, including acetabular socket depth and femoral head width. Significant differences were also noted in the presentation angle...

The death of a child in the emergency department (ED) is often overwhelming to the child's community, including the health care providers involved in that child's care. Sudden death, especially of a child, induces a strong emotional response in health care providers and in the families involved. Advanced preparation by emergency staff is vital to a...

Every year in the US, over 40,000 individuals are killed and more than 3 million others injured as a result of motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). The economic cost of crash injuries each year is greater than $230 billion. In order to improve vehicle safety, a better understanding of the mechanism by which injuries are caused in current crashes as wel...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of differences in subcutaneous fat depth on adult injury patterns in motor vehicle collisions. Sixty-seven consecutive adult crash subjects aged 19-65 who received computed tomography of their chest, abdomen and pelvis as part of their medical evaluation and who consented to inclusion in the C...

To describe the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in a predominantly African American, innercity chest pain observation unit (CPOU) patient population, and to estimate the percentage of patients eligible for cholesterol-lowering therapy as indicated by the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. A cross-sectional study design utili...