Mark Mohan Kaggwa

Mark Mohan Kaggwa
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Mark verified their affiliation via an institutional email.
McMaster University | McMaster · Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences

MBChB MMED

About

109
Publications
44,189
Reads
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1,104
Citations
Introduction
I hate single-use plastics
Skills and Expertise
Additional affiliations
October 2018 - May 2022
Mbarara University of Science and Technology
Position
  • Master's Student
Description
  • Student, Clinician, and researcher
October 2018 - May 2022
Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital
Position
  • Senior House Officer
May 2019 - December 2021
Africa Retreat Center
Position
  • Psychiatrist
Description
  • Performed the following: Addiction psychiatry, addiction psychology, Substance Abuse Day Program (intakes, groups, and case management); Outpatient Substance Abuse Clinic (screenings, groups, individual therapy); Psychosocial Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program (motivational interviewing group, intakes, case management); Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (inpatient group); Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (outpatient group); Cognitive Processing Therapy (outpatient)
Education
July 2022 - June 2023
McMaster University
Field of study
  • Forensic psychiatry
October 2018 - November 2021
August 2013 - August 2017
Gulu University
Field of study
  • Health Sciences

Publications

Publications (109)
Article
Full-text available
Background Despite growing evidence showing ECT’s efficacy and efficiency in the management of severe mental health conditions, the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions (KAP) towards ECT vary around the globe. However, KAP guarantees the extent to which ECT is accepted and administered efficiently. This review sheds light on the KAP toward ECT in A...
Article
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Background Dual harm involves the unfortunate experience of harm to self and others/objects. Safeguarding individuals in forensic psychiatric settings against all forms of harm to self and others is sacrosanct. While understanding dual harm is crucial in the care and rehabilitation of patients in forensic psychiatric settings, only a few studies ha...
Article
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Background Understanding the nature and circumstances around the use of weapons to perpetrate an offense among individuals with mental illness is crucial for evidence-informed policies and actions. However, little is known about the prevalence and factors associated with weapon use during index offenses among patients in the forensic system. Theref...
Article
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Purpose The rising prevalence of ASD has prompted extensive research into potential environmental risk factors, with air pollution particularly emerging as a major concern. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of air pollutants and time of exposure (particularly, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3) and the risk of ASD was therefore performed....
Article
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Psychological distress is becoming more prominent among employees in various workplaces, and domestic work may not be an exception. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors among domestic workers in Rwanda. This cross-sectional study captured data from 870 domestic workers in Kigali City, Rwanda....
Article
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We retrospectively reviewed charts of 253 self-harming patients admitted to emergency units in Northern Uganda in 2021. Twenty-two (8.7%) died by suicide, especially due to organophosphate poisoning (n = 14, 63.6%). Regarding self-harm management, observed differences were noted in the type of hospital and the use of antidotes between public and pr...
Article
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Objective The relationship between psychosis and violence is often construed focusing on a narrow panel of factors; however, recent evidence suggests violence might be linked to a complex interplay of biopsychosocial factors among forensic psychiatric patients with psychosis (FPPP). This review describes violence incidents in FPPP, the factors asso...
Article
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Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by a painful vaso-occlusive crisis due to the sickling of red blood cells in capillaries. Complications often lead to liver and renal dysfunctions, contributing to morbidity and mortality, particularly for children under 5. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed...
Article
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Due to urbanization and changes in family structure, the need for domestic workers has surged in many developing countries, including Rwanda. While being employed as a domestic worker presents financial benefits to many of them and their dependents, it also comes with risks and difficulties that might harm the domestic worker's mental health. This...
Article
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Over the years, the use of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has gained increasing acceptance as a viable treatment for managing treatment-resistant mental health conditions, and it is known to deliver more rapid therapeutic benefits than most treatment modalities in psychiatry. However, the practice of ECT exhibits significant variability both withi...
Article
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Background: Depression and suicide ideation are more common among patients with chronic physical illness including diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). Depression is often undetected, underdiagnosed, and undertreated during routine care and may complicate into suicidal ideation in this population. This study aimed to determine the prevale...
Article
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Introduction Food insecurity has become a growing burden within a global context where climate change, catastrophes, wars, and insurgencies are increasingly prevalent. Several studies have reported an association between suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicide ideation, plans, and attempts) and food insecurity. This meta-analytic review for the first tim...
Article
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Introduction Forensic psychiatry is a subspeciality that encompasses applying scientific and clinical expertise in legal contexts. As a field of psychiatry, forensic psychiatry has continued to evolve in various jurisdictions. Several journal publications continue to highlight the contributions and works of various psychiatry researchers in this ar...
Article
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Background Filicide, the act of a parent or parental figure killing their child, has been reported in various African countries. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on the prevalence and associated factors of filicide across the African continent, which is characterized by diverse cultural beliefs and practices. This review aims to ex...
Article
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Background Self-harming ideations demand targeted research due to their persistent nature, especially among female adolescents within refugee populations who face unique challenges that can exacerbate self-harming tendencies. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with self-harming ideations chronicity among female teenagers living in re...
Article
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COVID-19 has emerged as a pervasive global challenge, giving rise to both significant public health concerns and a range of psychological experiences, such as fear, stigma, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Importantly, healthcare professionals have been subjected to immense mental health problems as they battle against this disease. This study a...
Article
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Background Adverse childhood events (ACEs), psychopathy, and self-harming behaviours are prevalent among individuals in the forensic psychiatry system. While existing literature suggests that ACEs, self-harm, and psychopathy are interrelated, little is known about the interplay of psychopathic traits in this relationship. The present study aimed to...
Article
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Background and Aims Postpartum depression (PPD) is a globally recognized public health concern, yet research focusing on women in urban areas of Bangladesh remains unexplored. This study aimed to address this research gap by investigating the prevalence and associated factors of PPD within the first 2 years after childbirth. Methods A cross‐sectio...
Presentation
Background: Absconding, defined as unauthorized leaves from hospital, are rare occurrences in the forensic setting [1]. However, when such incidents do occur, they can have significant consequences for patients, their support network, the wider community, and the institution from which they have absconded [2]. Importantly, such incidents erode publ...
Article
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Background Dual harm encompasses the complex interplay of the co-occurrence of self-harm and aggression. Individuals with dual harm may display a more hazardous pattern of harmful behaviors like homicide-suicide compared to people with sole harm. This study aimed to examine the presence of dual harm among general psychiatry inpatients in a mental h...
Article
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Background Many children and adolescents living with HIV have ended up as orphans. Due to HIV taking away their parents leaves them deprived of their most important social network and support, which predisposes them to poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Various studies have shown poor adherence to ART among orphaned children and adoles...
Article
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Background: Parents are the primary caregivers and influential figures in adolescents' lives. They play a crucial role in shaping their children's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding sexual reproductive health. A vast difference in knowledge between adolescents and their parents indicates failure in knowledge translation and is associated w...
Article
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Background Electroretinogram (ERG) is one of the tools used to investigate the electrophysiological underpinnings of mental health illnesses and major clinical phenomena (e.g., suicide) to improve their diagnosis and care. While multiple studies have reported specific ERG changes among individuals with suicidal behaviors, we know of no review that...
Article
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Background In Canada, ensuring public safety, and the safety and well-being of accused individuals under the jurisdiction of the provincial review board are very important. While previous studies have reported a significant risk of self-harming behaviors (non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt) in forensic psychiatric settings, no large popul...
Article
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Background Firearm violence is a growing public health problem causing death globally. With easy accessibility to firearms, suicides, homicides, and homicide-suicides have increased among security officers, especially in developing countries affected by long-standing civil wars/political insurgencies. No study has explored firearm violence in East...
Article
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Background: Due to the increase in longevity and use of antiretroviral treatment , Uganda has had a growing population of older persons living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is a paucity of information on the mental health of the elderly living with HIV/AIDS. In this cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of, and associated factors for...
Article
Nomophobia (the fear of being without a mobile phone or being unable to use it) is an area of growing research interest. The 20-item Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) is the most popular instrument to assess nomophobia. However, there is no validated scale to assess nomophobia in Bangladesh. The present study translated and validated the NMP-Q into...
Preprint
BACKGROUND In the long wait for a vaccine against COVID-19, several pharmaceutical companies developed highly effective and safe vaccines. However, how people are reacting to the significance and usage of those vaccines is another pertinent issue? OBJECTIVE This study explores the perceptions and attitudes towards the importance of the COVID-19 va...
Article
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Background: Behavioral Family Therapy (BFT) is a type of psychotherapy designed to identify family patterns that contribute to a behavioral disorder or mental illness and, helps family members to break habits. Studies in the developed world have reported BFT as an effective intervention in the management of depression, anxiety, psychosis, Alzheime...
Article
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Background Cancer morbidity and mortality is rising in sub-Saharan Africa. Given this rise, family caregivers play an integral role in provision of quality cancer care services. This study explored the family caregivers (FCGs)/relatives’ experiences of caring for patients with advanced cancer (stage 3 or stage 4) in Uganda. Methods This was a desc...
Article
Introduction Several herbal medicines have been reported to ameliorate sickle cell disease (SCD) complications in many African communities. However, no comprehensive review has evaluated the use of herbal remedies for treating SCD crises. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of the use of herbal medicines for the treatment of SCD...
Article
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Abstract Introduction Quality of life (QoL) greatly influences the outcomes of patients with mental illnesses and there is evidence that there is an association between QoL and the relapse of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). However, no reviews elucidate the relationship between QoL and the relapse of OUD. This document provides a scoping review protocol...
Article
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Background: A previous study identified students taking Bangladeshi university entrance tests as a vulnerable group at a higher risk of suicidal behaviours before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the impact of the pandemic on the magnitude of these behaviours among this population remains unexplored. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the prev...
Article
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This paper examines the prevalence of gambling for gain among university students and to gain a theory-based understanding and knowledge of the influence factors of this gambling behaviour based on the University Student Psychosocial Problems Development Theory (USPPDT). Relatively little is known about the factors associated with students’ gamblin...
Article
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Background Mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and alcohol use disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Among university students, alcohol use and poor mental health are associated with risky sexual behavior. Given the syndemic occurrence of these disorders most especially in young adults, we describe the relat...
Article
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The opioid crisis continues to affect many areas worldwide, raising questions regarding prescribing indications. There is no consensus on negotiating the need for pain relief and the potential for medically prescribed opioid-related harm/addiction. These issues present an enormous educational challenge to physicians in training, particularly those...
Article
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Background and Aims Despite evidence that COVID‐19 vaccination can strengthen mental health, there is limited evidence about this in Bangladesh. Thus, this comparative study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with mental health problems between vaccine receivers and nonreceivers. Methods Using a snowball sampling technique, a web‐based...
Article
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Background Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is a common severe mental health condition with a relapsing course that may include periods of hospital re-admissions. With recurrent relapses and admissions, the course, prognosis, and patient’s overall quality of life can be affected negatively. This study aims to explore the rates and clinical factors...
Article
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Aim Improper administration of insulin and medication errors related to insulin use can have serious consequences. The knowledge and understanding of patients with diabetes in Bangladesh regarding their insulin utilization were explored. Subjects and methods Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted among patients with diabetes (n = 3...
Article
Full-text available
This paper examines the prevalence of gambling for gain among university students and to gain a theory-based understanding and knowledge of the influence factors of this gambling behaviour based on the University Student Psychosocial Problems Development Theory (USPPDT). Relatively little is known about the factors associated with students’ gamblin...
Article
Full-text available
Aim This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among diabetic patients in a cross-sectional sample and perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the extant studies to date. Methods A face-to-face semi-structured interview of established diabetic patients was conducted in four districts of Bangladesh betwee...
Article
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Background Students in sub-Saharan African countries experienced online classes for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic. For some individuals, greater online engagement can lead to online dependency, which can be associated with depression. The present study explored the association between problematic use of the internet, social media, and...
Article
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Background: Suicidal behaviors are prevalent among inpatients with severe mental conditions and may result in many dying by suicide. Few studies have focused on the burden of suicidal behaviors among these inpatients in low-income settings, despite suicide being consistently higher in lower-income countries such as Uganda. This study, therefore, p...
Article
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Background Hospitalization is often necessary for individuals with Bipolar affective Disorder (BAD) during severe manic or depressive episodes, as well as for stabilizing treatment regimens. However, a significant proportion of patients admitted for treatment of BAD abscond or leave the hospital without permission during their stay. In addition, pa...
Article
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Background Elderlies are vulnerable to abuse, and evidence suggests that one in three elderlies experience abuse. Abuse can impact the well-being of older persons, decreasing their quality of life, leading to mental health challenges, and increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Evidence on older person/elder abuse and neglect is vital to facilita...
Article
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Background: There has been a recent transition from typical to atypical antipsychotics in managing schizophrenia. This has been attributed to the acute side effects experienced by patients on typical antipsychotics that lead to nonadherence. However, the treatment cost with typical antipsychotics is cheaper (preferred in low-income settings), and...
Article
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Background The fear and lack of understanding of mental illness can lead to stigma. The stigma of mental illness affects not only individuals who suffer from it, but also the caregivers. Stigma among caregivers can lead to delay in seeking care, poor adherence to treatment and a high risk of relapse. Caregivers of patients with mental illness are a...
Article
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Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among university students have been linked to a variety of factors and have been shown to have a dose-response relationship with adult health and behavior. Objective: To investigate the effect of exposure to ACEs on academic performance, depression, and suicidal ideations among university students...
Article
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Background The suicide rate has increased during the pandemic in India. Moreover, several studies, especially press-media reporting suicide studies have been conducted but no systematic review has been attempted in this context. Therefore, the present study systematically investigated the risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors, and the met...
Article
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Background Suicide behaviors are common among medical students; the prevalence rates might vary across various regions. Even though various systematic reviews have been conducted to assess suicidal behaviors among medical students in general, no review has ever assessed or carried out a sub-analysis to show the burden of suicidal behaviors among Af...
Article
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Objective Determine the prevalence of suicide attempts and the relationships between the different causes of attempts with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics among individuals in Iran. Methods A retrospective review of data about suicide attempts from poisoning care centers in Babol city between 2017 and 2021. Multinomial regression ana...
Article
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Background University students are known to have risky sexual behaviours (RSBs). The severity of the RSB is influenced by many factors, including the family environment, exposure to adverse childhood events (ACEs), and the use of addictive substances. However, there is limited information about the influence of ACEs and the family environment of th...
Article
Background: Palliative care services involve the psychological care of the caregivers of cancer patients. Psychological conditions, especially depression among caregivers, distort caregiving roles; thus, it can increase a patient's psychological suffering. Objective: To determine the prevalence of depression and associated coping strategies amon...
Article
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Background University-based mental health services for medical students remain a challenge, particularly in low-income countries, due to poor service availability. Prior studies have explored the availability of mental health services in high-income countries but little is known about mental health services in countries in sub-Saharan Africa, such...
Article
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Background Depression is one of the most studied mental health disorders, with varying prevalence rates reported across study populations in Uganda. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to determine the pooled prevalence of depression and the prevalence of depression across different study populations in the country. Methods Paper...
Article
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Background: The prevalence of mental illness among medical students is high. A gap remains on what knowledge should be given to improve the attitudes and perceptions towards mental health. Despite the vast body of literature globally, no study has been conducted in Uganda to assess the levels of knowledge, attitude, and perception among medical st...
Article
During the opening of mental health month (May, 2022), officials from the Ministry of Health in Uganda stated that about 14 million people of the 43·7 million population have a mental illness. The approximate prevalence of about 32·0% was higher than in previous national estimates of 24·2%;1 the prevalence might be higher due to the pervasive socia...
Article
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The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has altered people's lives worldwide and fostered the emergence of sleep problems. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has yet been conducted to rigorously evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on sleep problems from a Bangladeshi perspective. As a result, the current systematic re...
Article
Assisted partner notification (APN) program was adopted by Uganda to increase individuals testing for HIV through their partners who test HIV positive. Thus, early enrollment in treatment and ensuring prevention services for the affected couple. However, APN is associated with high levels of Intimate partner violence (IPV). We aimed at determining...
Article
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Background Misinformation has had a negative impact upon the global COVID-19 vaccination program. High-income and middle-income earners typically have better access to technology and health facilities than those in lower-income groups. This creates a rich-poor divide in Digital Health Literacy (DHL), where low-income earners have low DHL resulting...
Article
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Background Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally, with over 75% of all suicides occurring in low-and middle-income Countries. Although 25% of people have contact with their health care workers before suicide attempts, most never receive proper suicide assessment and management. We explored primary care health workers' knowledge, at...
Article
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted individuals to deviate from normal lifestyle behaviors. But, there is a paucity of studies conducted in Bangladesh assessing how lifestyle patterns (i.e., smoking, drug use, physical exercise) have changed after the pandemic, which was investigated in this study. Methods An online-based c...
Article
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Background Whether the presence of caregivers during the hospital stay of patients with mental illness affects the length of hospital stay (LoS) remains inconclusive. Aims (1) To determine the average LoS and the associated factors, and (2) to determine the role of caregivers’ presences during inpatient stay on LoS. Methods We conducted a cross-s...
Article
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Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic placed health workers at the frontline of the emergency task force response; a duty that requires professional expertise and confidence to rapidly identify and treat patients with COVID-19. This study explored perceived self-efficacy (PSE) of health care workers (HCWs) in the manage...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and alcohol use disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Among university students, alcohol use and poor mental health are associated with risky sexual behavior. Given the syndemic occurrence of these disorders most especially in young adults, we describe the rela...