Mark W. Hlawitschka

Mark W. Hlawitschka
Johannes Kepler University of Linz | JKU · Institute of Process Engineering

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.

About

93
Publications
15,607
Reads
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859
Citations
Additional affiliations
October 2020 - present
Johannes Kepler University of Linz
Position
  • Head of Department
October 2013 - August 2020
Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau
Position
  • PostDoc Position

Publications

Publications (93)
Article
Laser based measurement techniques were used to investigate the local velocities, the energy dissipation and the phase fraction inside a Kühni miniplant extraction column. The velocity field was determined with particle image velocimetry (PIV). The energy dissipation was obtained based on these measurements. The velocity measurements show that at e...
Article
In this work, a one-group reduced population balance model based on the one primary and one secondary particle method (OPOSPM) developed recently by Attarakih et al. (In Proceedings of the 19th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, ESCAPE-19, Cracow, Poland, June 14−17, 2009; Jezowski, J., Thullie, J., Eds.; Elsevier: New York,...
Article
Fluid dynamics of the single-phase and two-phase flow in a segment of a rotating disc contactor (RDC) liquid–liquid extraction column with 450 mm inner diameter were studied by performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The fluid dynamics were investigated to test the predictivity of...
Article
Full-text available
In this study, in a three-phase reactor with a rectangular cross-section, the effects of liquid circulation rates and solid particle concentration on gas holdup and bubble size distribution (BSD) were investigated. Air, water, and glass beads were used as the gas, liquid, and solid phases, respectively. Different liquid circulation velocities and d...
Article
Water treatment faces significant challenges due to the presence of diverse and persistent pollutants, necessitating the development of effective and eco-friendly materials. Therefore, nanoclays (NCs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for water treatment applications. The efficacy of various NCs as adsorbents is attributed to their remarkable...
Article
Full-text available
Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen dieser Publikation berichten wir über den experimentellen Einsatz von Distributed Acoustic Sensing zur Überwachung eines Blasensäulenreaktors. Für diese Art von chemischen Reaktoren gibt es eine Vielzahl von grundlegenden Anwendungen, die eine detaillierte Überwachung der internen Strömungsdynamik erfordern. Im Zuge experi...
Article
Full-text available
The Marangoni effect assumes significance in bubbly flows when temperature or concentration gradients exist in the domain. This study investigated the hydrodynamics of single bubbles under the influence of the Marangoni force induced by stratified fields of dissolved sugar, providing a numerical framework for examining these phenomena. A laboratory...
Article
Full-text available
Brine evaporation and crystallization are energy- and equipment-intensive technologies commonly used in industries. Alternatively, membrane distillation (MD) has shown ability for concentrating different saline solutions. However, there is a limited understanding of the impact of these solutions on the scaling and wetting behavior. To address this...
Article
Land surface temperature Land cover indices Land use A B S T R A C T The continuous increase of urbanization and industrialization brought various climatic changes, leading to global warming. The unavailability of meteorological data makes remotely sensed data important for understanding climate change. Therefore, the land surface temperature (LST)...
Article
Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) is a crucial requirement in industrial operations concerned with water scarcity and environmental protection. This study investigates the feasibility of using membrane distillation combined with crystallization (MDC) as a potential solution for ZLD. High‐saline NaCl solutions were used to evaluate the performance of a se...
Article
Full-text available
This study investigated the successful synthesis of functionalized algal biochar-clay composite (FBKC). Subsequently, the sorption performance of FBKC towards norfloxacin (NFX) antibiotic and crystal violet dye (CVD) from water was extensively assessed in both batch and continuous flow systems. A series of characterization techniques were carried o...
Article
The accurate identification of the transition velocities U trans in bubble columns (BCs) is important for their effective design, operation, and scale‐up. In this work, a novel parameter, namely, the new hybrid index (NHI), was developed and successfully applied to gas holdup and pressure fluctuations recorded in various BCs operated with water and...
Article
Full-text available
Liquid–liquid extraction has proven to be an aid in biologics manufacturing for cell and component separation. Because distribution coefficients and separation factors can be appropriately adjusted via phase screening, especially in aqueous two-phase systems, one stage is frequently feasible. For biologics separation, aqueous two-phase systems have...
Article
In gravity separators, also known as settlers, two immiscible liquid phases separate due to differences in density. In extraction mixer‐settler units a dispersion needs to be separated within the separator unit. In order to overcome the hitherto purely experimental design, a for knitted mesh adapted model as well as an automated test facility were...
Article
Full-text available
A study of the effects of fluid type (shear-thinning, Newtonian, and shear-thickening) and periodic shape fluctuations of bubbles on the drag coefficient is presented for three bubble sizes (2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm), three flow consistency indexes (μwater, 10μwater, 100μwater) and three flow behavior indexes (0.8, 1, 1.2). Computational Fluid Dynamics...
Article
The separation of manganese from cobalt sulfate solutions is crucial in the field of spent lithium-ion battery recycling. A membrane-based microreactor is used to reveal required mass transfer characteristics as is diffusion and chemical reaction. The dependence of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) concentration, pH, and metal ion concentra...
Chapter
Methanation with regard to the symbiosis of the Borealis and voestalpine industries operating in the chemical park in Linz (Austria) is studied using the commercial software Aspen Plus. The methanation of carbon dioxide with hydrogen allows a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, especially by considering green energy for electrolysis. The reactio...
Article
Full-text available
A wide‐ranging review is presented on the most focal aspects of gas‐liquid‐solid reactors to discuss the fresh headways towards the understanding of slurry bubble column reactors' behavior. In more detail, in this critical review, published works' findings concerning the effects of solid particles characteristics (size, concentration and density) o...
Chapter
Reactive bubbly flows are found in many chemical and biochemical processes. They are characterized by complex hydrodynamics that govern global mass transfer and reaction rates. Effects, which have to be taken into account when modelling and simulating the reaction progress, are enhanced bubble–bubble interaction and bubble-induced turbulence as wel...
Chapter
A joint approach of chemists, mathematicians and engineers in the field of chemical reaction enhanced gas-liquid mass transfer on single bubbles is presented. New chemical systems are developed for homogenous chemical reactions in the liquid. By applying different metal-complex based reaction systems with diverse ligands in different reaction media...
Chapter
Reactive bubble columns are widely used in chemical, petrochemical, biochemical and metal industries. Besides many other apparatuses applied in the process industry, bubble columns are governed by a complex, non stage-wise flow structure and concentration distribution, that limits the application of simplified models. Recent research indicated a go...
Article
Full-text available
de Die Universität Linz ist eine im Vergleich recht junge Universität. Sie wurde im Jahre 1962 als Hochschule für Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften eröffnet und 1966 durch die technisch-naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät erweitert. Die Johannes Kepler Universität (JKU) Linz hat mit mittlerweile über 19 400 Studierenden eine beachtliche Größe errei...
Article
Solvent extraction is used for the selective extraction of manganese from an industrial leaching solution based on active material from spent lithium-ion batteries. As solvent 100 g L⁻¹ di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) diluted in Isopar L and an addition of 5 vol% tributyl phosphate is used. D2EHPA is well studied for the separation of ma...
Article
Solvent extraction of manganese was performed in a lab-scale DN50 pulsed disc and doughnut column. Optimal conditions for hydrodynamics and mass transfer were evaluated for the separation of manganese from cobalt and nickel with 100 g L⁻¹ D2EHPA (di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid) as a liquid ion exchanger. In performance tests with 0.01 mol L⁻¹ Mn...
Article
Bubble columns are widely used as multiphase reactors for gas-liquid reactions in industrial applications. For the sensitivity and usability analysis of the bubble column in the process development, a model is needed that incorporates couplings between the fluid dynamics, the population balance equation (PBE) and the thermodynamics. Thereby the mod...
Article
Full-text available
The generation of liquid‐liquid dispersions with defined droplet size distributions is an important aspect for process equipment design. In this work, two centrifugal pumps with different impeller diameters were used to generate dispersions at selected operating points for a paraffin oil‐water system. The droplet break‐up phenomena within the centr...
Article
Full-text available
Solid particles heavily affect the hydrodynamics in slurry bubble columns. The effects arise through varying breakup and coalescence behavior of the bubbles with the presence of solid particles where particles in the micrometer range lead to a promotion of coalescence in particular. To simulate the gas-liquid-solid flow in a slurry bubble column, t...
Article
Full-text available
Both solid particles and column diameter affect the gas holdup and flow regimes in slurry bubble columns, but investigations of the combined effects are not to be found. This study shows the simultaneous impacts on the overall gas holdup and flow regime transitions and determines the dominant effects in slurry bubble columns on the centi‐scale cont...
Article
Full-text available
Reactive bubble columns are omnipresent in the chemical industry. The layout of these columns is still limited by correlations and therefore improved simulation techniques are required to describe the complex hydrodynamics/reaction interaction. In this work, we focus on the numerical and experimental study of the viscosity influence on bubble motio...
Article
In bubble columns (BCs), the reliable identification of the first transition velocity Utrans-1, marking the end of the homogeneous regime, is an essential prerequisite for the successful BC design since this parameter marks the onset of bubble coalescence. In this work, a new database with 13 experimental Utrans-1 values at various operating condit...
Article
Full-text available
The digitization of extraction columns requires a profound knowledge of the present hydrodynamics/mass transport interaction as well as appropriate measurement techniques for the detection of relevant input and target values. In this article, the different techniques for droplet size distribution as well as concentration determination are presented...
Article
Full-text available
Objective In this work, we obtained the analytical and approximate solutions of the population balance equations (PBEs) involving the breakup process in batch and continuous flow by applying the Adomian decomposition method and piecewise continuous basis functions, respectively. Methods The key to the advanced numerical method is to represent the...
Article
Full-text available
The generation of dispersions with defined droplet size distributions is important for liquid‐liquid extraction. In this respect, the capability of a centrifugal pump to generate dispersions was investigated for different operating points. For the analysis of the mixing process, a centrifugal pump was designed translucent. High‐speed images reveal...
Article
Full-text available
This work reviews the state‐of‐the‐art models for the simulation of bubble columns and focuses on methods coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) where the potential and deficits of the models are evaluated. Particular attention is paid to different approaches in multiphase fluid dynamics including the population balance to determine bubble...
Article
A new parameter (degree of randomness (DR)) was defined for the identification of the main transition velocities Utrans. The new method reconstructs the time series into multiple state vectors, thus generating non-overlapping vector pairs and then compares the distance between them with a pre-selected cut-off length. The DR values were extracted fr...
Article
Full-text available
The efficiency of many chemical engineering applications depends on the surface/volume ratio of the dispersed phase. Knowledge of this particle size distribution is a key factor for better process control. The challenge of measurements acquired by optical imaging techniques is the segmentation of overlapping particles, especially in high phase frac...
Article
Full-text available
In recent years, population balance models coupled to computational fluid dynamics have been used as a tool to model bubbly flows. In this work, we established a setup to measure the local size distribution, the velocity and orientation of bubbles in different zones of a bubble column. As a population balance model, we used the sectional quadrature...
Conference Paper
A new parameter (degree of randomness (DR)) was defined for the identification of the main transition velocities Utrans. The new method is based on the reconstruction of the time series into multiple state vectors, generating non-overlapping vector pairs and comparison of the distance between them with a pre-selected cut-off length. The DR values w...
Article
The investigation of transient reactive bubbly flow simulation data offers a variety of data mining challenges due to the interaction of mass transfer, hydrodynamic and local concentration. Modern visualization techniques for Euler–Euler based multiphase simulations are used to study the hydrodynamic influence on the reactive mass transfer in a cyl...
Article
Full-text available
In this paper we present the comparison of experiments and numerical simulations for bubble cutting by a wire. The air bubble is surrounded by water. In the experimental setup an air bubble is injected on the bottom of a water column. When the bubble rises and contacts the wire, it is separated into two daughter bubbles. The flow is modeled by the...
Preprint
In this paper we present the comparison of experiments and numerical simulations for bubble cutting by a wire. The air bubble is surrounded by water. In the experimental setup an air bubble is injected on the bottom of a water column. When the bubble rises and contacts the wire, it is separated into two daughter bubbles. The flow is modeled by the...
Article
In industrial solvent extraction units, minimizing the energy input of liquid-liquid contactors is essential. Knowledge of the pressure drop evolution with both geometry and operating conditions is therefore required in order to achieve optimal sizing of the column. In this paper, yet unexplored parameters possibly affecting pressure drop in pulsed...
Article
Full-text available
With Eulerian Method of Moment (MoM) solvers for the CFD simulation of multi-phase fluid flow, the positions of bubbles or droplets are not modeled explicitly, but through scalar fields of moments. These fields can be interpreted as probability density functions describing the distribution of bubble locations. To enable intuitive visualization that...
Article
Eulerian Method of Moment (MoM) solvers are gaining popularity for multi‐phase CFD simulation involving bubbles or droplets in process engineering. Because the actual positions of bubbles are uncertain, the spatial distribution of bubbles is described by scalar fields of moments, which can be interpreted as probability density functions. Visualizin...
Article
Full-text available
Reactive bubble columns are widely used in the chemical, petrochemical, biochemical and metal industries. While the reactive mass transfer around a single spherical shaped bubble is quite well described in literature, the influence of hydrodynamic interactions, such as bubble bouncing or coalescence on mass transfer ? with and without chemical reac...
Article
Bubble columns are widespread in chemical process engineering. The overall performance of these reactors relies on the interaction between the hydrodynamics, interfacial mass transfer and chemical reactions. The layout of these columns is commonly based on simplified integral models that are not able to track the complex interactions between the lo...
Article
de Durch die Implementierung verschiedener Populationsbilanzmodelle wird das Euler‐Euler Mehrphasenmodell multiphaseEulerFoam erweitert, um die Veränderung einer dispersen Phase bezogen auf die Partikelgröße zu erfassen. Die verwendeten Modelle werden untereinander sowie mit experimentellen Daten verglichen. Zur Visualisierung wird ein neuer Ansatz...
Article
Full-text available
Hydrodynamics and reaction process phenomena in bubble column reactors are complex and intrinsic interlinked and not fully understood. To obtain a better understanding, for the first time, a multiphase Euler-Euler solver is developed and validated to experimental data for the absorption of carbon dioxide in water offering the possibility of detaile...
Chapter
In this contribution, we used a reduced population balance model to describe the hydrodynamics of bubble columns, which play a major role in in determining the bubble size distribution and hence the interfacial area concentration. This model consists of a set of transport equations to track the total number and total interfacial area concentrations...
Article
No abstract is available for this article.
Article
Abstract This paper shows that one-dimensional (1-D) [and three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD)] simulations can replace the state-of-the-art usage of pseudo-homogeneous dispersion or back mixing models. This is based on standardized lab-scale cell experiments for the determination of droplet rise, breakage, coalescence and mas...
Article
Full-text available
Abstract This article describes the development of a coalescence model using various CFD work packages, and is validated using as toluene water model system. Numerical studies were performed to describe droplet interactions in liquid-liquid test systems. Current models use adjustable parameters to describe these phenomena. The research in the past...
Chapter
Dynamic behaviour, control and design strategies for liquid extraction equipment are faced by the complex hydrodynamic behavior of the dispersed phase with many droplet interactions (e.g. breakage and coalescence). To take this into account, the population balance modelling framework is used by implementing the bivariate OPOSPM (One Primary and One...
Article
Abstract A hierarchical approach for modelling and simulation of coupled hydrodynamics and mass transfer in liquid extraction columns using detailed and reduced bivariate population balance models is presented. The hierarchical concept utilizes a one-dimensional CFD model with detailed bivariate population balances. This population balance model is...
Article
Full-text available
Raschig Super-Rings are well-established in the field of rectification and absorption. Instead, the efficiency of these packings in liquid-liquid extraction was not investigated till now. The application of Raschig Super-Ring No. 0.3 and Raschig Super-Ring No. 1 packings in unpulsed liquid-liquid extraction columns of diameters DN 80 and DN 150 is...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Liquid-liquid extraction columns have a small footprint, a high number of theoretical stages and allow high throughput. However, the deviation of the flow field from the ideal plug flow makes the simulation and design of these columns a challenging task. In order to help in this tedious design procedure (scale-up experiments) two simulation tools...
Conference Paper
Mass transfer in liquid-liquid extraction columns depends not only on the physicochemical properties, but also on the local flow filed structure. The key parameter influencing the efficiency of the extraction column is the droplet size distribution, which determines the the droplet interfacial area and the droplet hold-up and the residence time. De...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In this joint work, a single compartment of a K ¨ uhni miniplant column is simulated using the Finite Pointset Method (FPM) with a newly added NQMOM as population balance model (DPBM) to account for the complex droplet-droplet interactions. The available interactions models are based on the energy dissipation and several adjustable parameters. To o...
Article
Ein gerührter Blasenkontaktor im Gegenstrom wird mithilfe der Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Kombination mit der Populationsbilanzmodellierung (PBM) untersucht. Zur Simulation der Hydrodynamik wird auf das Euler-Euler-Modell zurückgegriffen, welches jedoch die Widerstandskräfte zwischen den Phasen modelliert. Die Widerstandskraft wird daher...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In this work, a discrete multivariate reduced population balance model with One Primary and One Secondary Particle Method (OPOSPM) is introduced as an alternative to the full population balance model. The key advantage of this model is its simplicity, straight forward Implementation and extension to multidimensional cases. The model consists of fou...
Article
Full-text available
The reduced one group population balance (PBE) model, the One Primary and One Secondary Particle Model (OPOSPM) is developed for a liquid extraction column. It is used because of its simplicity and the ability to reproducemost of the information contained in the PBE. It is usedto estimate the optimum droplet breakage and coalescence parameters usin...
Chapter
A combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD), population balance modeling (PBM) and mass transfer code is used to simulate a rotating disc contactor pilot plant column. Droplet breakage and coalescence is accounted by a one group model and literature models for the breakage frequency, coalescence propability and efficiency. Mass transfer is descri...