Mark Greenlee

Mark Greenlee
Universität Regensburg | UR · Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Psychologie I und Methodenlehre

PhD

About

383
Publications
49,726
Reads
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10,557
Citations
Introduction
My interests are in human visual and vestibular processing, visual-vestibular cognition and its neural correlates.
Additional affiliations
January 2012 - present
Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
Position
  • Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
January 2011 - December 2012
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
January 2010 - present
Universitätsklinikum Regensburg

Publications

Publications (383)
Preprint
Full-text available
Previous research suggests that individuals who play action video games tend to outperform non-action video game players in various cognitive functions. In the current study, we compare the precision of visual short-term memory for the direction of coherent motion among action video game players (AVGPs) and age and gender-matched non-action video g...
Article
Full-text available
The pervasive use of information technologies (IT) has tremendously benefited our daily lives. However, unpredicted technical breakdowns and errors can lead to the experience of stress, which has been termed technostress. It remains poorly understood how people dynamically respond to unpredicted system runtime errors occurring while interacting wit...
Article
This study aimed to investigate the impact of eccentric-vision training on population receptive field (pRF) estimates to provide insights into brain plasticity processes driven by practice. Fifteen participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements before and after behavioral training on a visual crowding task, where t...
Article
Full-text available
In this study, an automated 2D machine learning approach for fast and precise segmentation of MS lesions from multi-modal magnetic resonance images (mmMRI) is presented. The method is based on an U-Net like convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated 2D slice-based-segmentation of brain MRI volumes. The individual modalities are encoded in sep...
Article
Full-text available
We present a protocol to conduct functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) in human participants before, during, and after training on a visual task. We describe steps for participant setup, volume-of-interest placement, fMRS measurement, and post-scan tests. We discuss the design, analysis, and interpretation of fMRS experiments. This prot...
Article
Full-text available
The perception of coherent form configurations in natural scenes relies on the activity of early visual areas that respond to local orientation cues. Subsequently, high-level visual areas pool these local signals to construct a global representation of the initial visual input. However, it is still debated whether neurons in the early visual cortex...
Article
Full-text available
The interpretation of fMRI data in glioblastoma (GB) is challenging as these tumors exhibit specific hemodynamic processes which, together with malignancy, tumor volume and proximity to eloquent cortex areas, may lead to misinterpretations of fMRI signals. The aim of this study was to investigate if different radiologically defined GB tumor growth...
Article
Self-motion perception involves an interaction between vestibular and visual brain regions. In the lateral brain, it includes the parieto-insular vestibular cortex and the posterior insular cortex. In the medial cortex, the cingulate sulcus visual (CSv) area is known to process visual-vestibular cues. Here, we show that the vestibular-visual networ...
Article
It is generally thought that children learn more efficiently than adults. One way to accomplish this is to have learning rapidly stabilized such that it is not interfered with by subsequent learning. Although γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in stabilization, it has been reported that GABAergic inhibitory processing is not fully m...
Article
Full-text available
We investigated lateral modulation effects with functional magnetic resonance imaging. We presented radial sinusoidal gratings in random sequence: a scotoma grating with two arc-shaped blank regions (scotomata) in the periphery, one in the left and one in the right visual field, a center grating containing pattern only in the scotoma regions, and a...
Article
Full-text available
Differences in the ability of students to judge images can be assessed by analyzing the individual preference order (ranking) of images. To gain insights into potential heterogeneity in judgement of visual abstraction among students, we combine Bradley–Terry preference modeling and model-based recursive partitioning. In an experiment a sample of 1,...
Preprint
Full-text available
p>In this study, an automated machine learning approach for the segmentation of MS lesions from multi- modal magnetic resonance images (mmMRI) is presented. The method is based on a U-Net like convolutional neural network (CNN) for 2D slice-based segmentation of 3D brain MRI volumes. The different modalities are encoded in sep- arate downsampling c...
Preprint
Full-text available
p>In this study, an automated machine learning approach for the segmentation of MS lesions from multi- modal magnetic resonance images (mmMRI) is presented. The method is based on a U-Net like convolutional neural network (CNN) for 2D slice-based segmentation of 3D brain MRI volumes. The different modalities are encoded in sep- arate downsampling c...
Article
A pioneering study by Volkmann (1858) revealed that training on a tactile discrimination task improved task performance, indicative of tactile learning, and that such tactile learning transferred from trained to untrained body parts. However, the neural mechanisms underlying tactile learning and transfer of tactile learning have remained unclear. W...
Article
Full-text available
Comprehending the interplay between spatial and temporal characteristics of neural dynamics can contribute to our understanding of information processing in the human brain. Graph neural networks (GNNs) provide a new possibility to interpret graph structured signals like those observed in complex brain networks. In our study we compare different sp...
Article
Full-text available
Center-surround modulation in visual processing reflects a normalization process of contrast gain control in the responsive neurons. Prior adaptation to a clockwise (CW) tilted grating, for example, leads to the percept of counterclockwise tilt in a vertical grating, referred to as the tilt-aftereffect (TAE). We previously reported that the magnitu...
Preprint
It is unclear why and how children learn more efficiently than adults, although inhibitory systems, which play an important role in stabilizing learning, are immature in children. Here, we found that despite a lower baseline concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in early visual cortical areas in children (8 to 11 years old) than adults (18 to...
Article
Full-text available
Numerical estimation of arrays of objects is faster and more accurate when items can be clustered into groups, a phenomenon termed “groupitizing.” Grouping can facilitate segregation into subitizable “chunks,” each easily estimated, then summed. The current study investigates whether spatial grouping of arrays drives specific neural responses durin...
Preprint
Full-text available
Comprehending the interplay between spatial and temporal characteristics of neural dynamics can contribute to our understanding of information processing in the human brain. Graph neural networks (GNNs) provide a new possibility to interpret graph structured signals like those observed in complex brain networks. In our study we compare different sp...
Article
INTRODUCTION Mapping language during direct cortical stimulation (DCS) in the stetting of awake craniotomy might be challenging without using more than one language paradigm. Applying several language tasks leads to increasing surgery times and to patient’s exhaustion. Additionally, a single language trial must be performed in less than 4 seconds t...
Article
OBJECTIVE Space-occupying brain lesions as brain tumors in the occipital lobe have only been sparsely investigated so far, as this localization is extremely rare with only 1% of cases. It is still unclear how this affects the overall organization of the visual system. We investigated functional connectivity of functional networks associated with hi...
Article
Full-text available
Visual crowding refers to the impairment of recognizing peripherally presented objects flanked by distractors. Crowding effects, exhibiting a certain spatial extent between target and flankers, can be reduced by perceptual learning. In this experiment, we investigated the learning-induced reduction of crowding in normally sighted participants and t...
Article
Full-text available
Retinal diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or hereditary juvenile macular dystrophies (JMD) lead to a loss of central vision. Many patients compensate for this loss with a pseudo fovea in the intact peripheral retina, the so-called “preferred retinal locus” (PRL). How extensive eccentric viewing associated with central vision loss...
Article
Background: Tractography based on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) models the structural connectivity of the human brain. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease but may induce adverse effects. This study investigated the relationship between struc...
Article
Full-text available
This short survey reviews the recent literature on the relationship between the brain structure and its functional dynamics. Imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) make it possible to reconstruct axonal fiber tracks and describe the structural connectivity (SC) between brain regions. By measuring fluctuations in neuronal activity...
Article
Full-text available
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a valuable tool in the clinical routine of neurosurgery when planning surgical interventions and assessing the risk of postoperative functional deficits. Here, we examined how the presence of a brain tumor or lesion in the area of the occipital lobe affects the results of fMRI retinotopic mapping. fMR...
Article
Full-text available
A central question in neuroscience is how self-organizing dynamic interactions in the brain emerge on their relatively static structural backbone. Due to the complexity of spatial and temporal dependencies between different brain areas, fully comprehending the interplay between structure and function is still challenging and an area of intense rese...
Chapter
Tinnitus, the phantom perception of sound, is a frequent disorder that can lead to severe distress and stress-related comorbidity. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the etiology of tinnitus are still under exploration. Electrophysiological and functional neuroimaging studies provide increasing evidence for abnormal functioning in audito...
Article
Full-text available
(1) Background—Mapping language using direct cortical stimulation (DCS) during an awake craniotomy is difficult without using more than one language paradigm that particularly follows the demand of DCS by not exceeding the assessment time of 4 s to prevent intraoperative complications. We designed an intraoperative language paradigm by combining cl...
Article
Full-text available
The results of two experiments are analyzed to find out how artistic expertise influences visual search. Experiment I comprised survey data of 1,065 students on self-reported visual memory skills and their ability to find three targets in four images of artwork. Experiment II comprised eye movement data of 50 Visual Literacy (VL) experts and non-ex...
Article
Full-text available
Attending to a stimulus enhances the neuronal responses to it, while responses to non-attended stimuli are not enhanced and may even be suppressed. Although the neural mechanisms of response enhancement for attended stimuli have been intensely studied, the neural mechanisms underlying attentional suppression remain largely unknown. It is uncertain...
Article
It has remained uncertain whether the mechanisms of visual perceptual learning (VPL)1, 2, 3, 4 remain stable across the lifespan or undergo developmental changes. This uncertainty largely originates from missing results about the mechanisms of VPL in healthy children. We here investigated the mechanisms of task-irrelevant VPL in healthy elementary...
Preprint
Full-text available
A central question in neuroscience is how self-organizing dynamic interactions in the brain emerge on their relatively static structural backbone. Due to the complexity of spatial and temporal dependencies between different brain areas, fully comprehending the interplay between structure and function is still challenging and an area of intense rese...
Article
Full-text available
The perception of a target stimulus may be altered by its context. Perceptual filling-in is thought to be one example of lateral modulation, in which the percept of a central blank area is replaced by that of the surround. We investigated the mechanisms in eccentric vision underlying filling-in by selectively adapting the center (pedestal adapter),...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose: One of the diagnostic features of visual crowding, radial-tangential anisotropy, has been observed both in behavioral experiments as well as in responses of the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal. As has been shown previously, crowding is stronger for radially arranged flankers, an...
Article
Full-text available
Independent component analysis (ICA), being a data-driven method, has been shown to be a powerful tool for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis. One drawback of this multivariate approach is that it is not, in general, compatible with the analysis of group data. Various techniques have been proposed to overcome this limitation...
Conference Paper
We benchmark a new hybrid eye-tracker system against the DPI (Dual Purkinje Imaging) tracker and the Tobii Spectrum in a series of three experiments. In a first within-subjects battery of tests, we show that the precision of the new eye-tracker is much better than that of both the DPI and the Spectrum, but that accuracy is not better. We also show...
Article
Full-text available
Aging and central vision loss are associated with cortical atrophies, but little is known about the relationship between cortical thinning and the underlying cellular structure. We compared the macro- and micro-structure of the cortical gray and superficial white matter of 38 patients with juvenile (JMD) or age-related (AMD) macular degeneration an...
Article
Full-text available
Previous studies in human subjects reported that the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), a core area of the vestibular cortex, is inhibited when visual processing is prioritized. However, it has remained unclear, which networks in the brain modulate this inhibition of PIVC. Based on previous results showing that the inhibition of PIVC is stro...
Article
There is growing evidence that vestibular information is not only involved in reflexive eye movements and the control of posture but it also plays an important role in higher order cognitive processes. Previous behavioral research has shown that concomitant vestibular stimuli influence performance in tasks that involve imagined self-rotations. Thes...
Chapter
Our perception of the world appears to be steady and focused, despite the fact that our eyes are constantly moving. In this chapter, we review studies on the neural mechanisms and visual phenomena that endow us with stable visual perception despite frequent eye movements and gaze shifts. We describe how sensitivity to stationary and moving stimuli...
Conference Paper
Independent component analysis (ICA), as a data driven method, has shown to be a powerful tool for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis. One drawback of this multivariate approach is, that it is naturally not convenient for analysis of group studies. Therefore various techniques have been proposed in order to overcome this lim...
Article
Process Models (PM) are visual documentations of the business processes within or across enterprises. Activities (tasks) are arranged together into a model (i.e., similar to flowcharts). This study aimed at understanding the underlying structure of PM comprehension. Though standards for describing PM have been defined, the cognitive work load they...
Preprint
Full-text available
Grapheme-color synesthetes experience colors when presented with written language characters. In this study diffusion-weighted imaging was used to investigate white matter alterations in color- and grapheme-processing brain areas in synesthetes as a possible factor for the color sensations. Regions of interest were defined by means of neuroanatomic...
Article
Full-text available
In this study, we investigated visual short-term memory for coherent motion in action video game players (AVGPs), non-action video game players (NAVGPs), and non-gamers (control group: CONs). Participants performed a visual memory-masking paradigm previously used with macaque monkeys and humans. In particular, we tested whether video game players f...
Preprint
Full-text available
Independent component analysis (ICA), as a data driven method, has shown to be a powerful tool for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis. One drawback of this multivariate approach is, that it is not compatible to the analysis of group data in general. Therefore various techniques have been proposed in order to overcome this li...
Article
Full-text available
Background MRI fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) studies reported hyperintensity in the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Purpose To evaluate the lesion segmentation toolbox (LST) for the objective quantification of FLAIR lesions in ALS patients. Study Type Retrospective. Popu...
Article
Full-text available
Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating disorder resulting from scattered lesions in the central nervous system. Because of the high variability of the lesion patterns between patients, it is difficult to relate existing biomarkers to symptoms and their progression. The scattered nature of lesions in multiple sclerosis offers itself to be studied thro...
Article
Full-text available
Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative process affecting upper and lower motor neurons as well as non-motor systems. In this study, precentral and postcentral cortical thinning detected by structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were combined with clinical (ALS-specific functional rating scale revised,...
Article
Full-text available
Here, we review the structure and function of a core region in the vestibular cortex of humans that is located in the mid-posterior Sylvian fissure and referred to as the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC). Previous studies have investigated PIVC by using vestibular or visual motion stimuli and have observed activations that were distributed...
Article
Full-text available
After encoding, memory traces are fragile and easily disrupted by new learning until they are stabilized through a process termed consolidation 1,2 . However, several studies have suggested that consolidation does not make memory traces permanently stable. The results of these studies support the theory that the retrieval of previously consolidated...
Article
Full-text available
Investigating temporal variability of functional connectivity is an emerging field in connectomics. Entering dynamic functional connectivity by applying sliding window techniques on resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) time courses emerged from this topic. We introduce frequency-resolved dynamic functional connectivity (frdFC) by means of multivariate empi...