Mark S. Goettel

• PhD
• Jinshan Scholar, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University at Formerly of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre

Effects of Beauveria bassiana on non-target arthropods were assessed following field application on rangeland and alfalfa agroecosystems in Canada. Densities and prevalence of B. bassiana within non-target arthropods were measured by two methods, surface sanitation of non-target cadavers followed by homogenisation and plating on selective medium, o...

Endophytic fungi are important in diverse plant functions but knowledge of the factors that shape assemblages of these symbionts is lacking. Here, using a culture-dependent approach, we report 4,178 endophytic fungal isolates representing 16 orders isolated from stems, roots and leaves of three cruciferous plant species, Chinese cabbage (Brassica r...

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is a cosmopolitan pest that has evolved resistance to all classes of insecticide, and costs the world economy an estimated US $4-5 billion annually. We analyse patterns of variation among 532 P. xylostella genomes, representing a worldwide sample of 114 populations. We find evidence that suggests South Amer...

Cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an invasive alien species that impacts seed production of canola, Brassica napus and B. rapa (Brassicaceae), one of Canada’s major agricultural crops. To determine the need for and potential impact of introduction of one or more natural enemies for biological control i...

Invertebrates make up over 95% of animal biodiversity on Earth and contribute to multiple ecosystem services (ES) in natural and human-dominated systems. One such service, biological control (BC) of herbivorous pests, is a core component of sustainable intensification of agriculture, yet its importance is routinely overlooked. Here we report a macr...

The biogeography and genotype diversity of Metarhizium species in northwestern North American soils was examined; 20 ecoregions were sampled, including 58 agricultural and 80 natural habitat subsites, and areas that were glaciated during the Pleistocene epoch. One hundred and twenty-nine isolates of M. brunneum, 26 isolates of M. robertsii, four is...

Invertebrates make up 97-99% of biodiversity on Earth and contribute to multiple ecosystem services (ES) in both natural and human-dominated systems. One such service, biological control (BC) of herbivorous pests, is a core component of sustainable intensification of agriculture, yet its importance is routinely overlooked. Here we report a macro-sc...

Main conclusion We provide evidence that Aspergillus oryzae not only acts as an endophyte in Raphanus sativus, but also works as a plant growth promoter and provides some protection against its herbivore, Plutella xylostella affecting its feeding rate, mortality and fitness parameters, thereby contributing to the pest population suppression. Seed i...

Understanding the interactions among biological control agents, such as competition for the same host in intraguild predation, is a key component for successful biological control strategies. The pathogenic ability of Lecanicillium longisporum (Petch) Zare and Gams (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporari...

The development and use of entomopathogens as classical, conservation and augmentative biological control agents have included a number of successes and some setbacks in the past 15 years. In this forum paper we present current information on development, use and future directions of insect-specific viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes as compone...

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes are effective biological control agents of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), one of the most important pests of ornamentals and vegetables world-wide. Combined application of both may enhance control efficienc...

To determine the quality of their leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata), Canadian producers submit samples of loose cells to the Canadian Alfalfa Leafcutter Bee Cocoon Testing Centre (CCTC), Brooks, Alberta, for x-ray analysis. As part of the x-ray analysis report, the CCTC uses the category “pollen balls” to describe bee cells that have been prov...

Ever since the inclusion of microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs) within the regulatory frameworks initially designed for chemical pesticides, there has been awareness that these frameworks are not optimal for assessment and registration of new microbial biocontrol products. It is often claimed that the regulatory situation has contributed to a relat...

This volume (71 chapters), the fifth in a series documenting biological control programmes in Canada, presents new information on specific insect, weed or plant diseases, some of which are updates of on-going studies on historical biological control projects while other chapters report on biological control efforts for new emerging invasive alien s...

Understanding the interactions among biological control agents, such as competition for the same host in intraguild predation, is a key component for successful biological control strategies. The pathogenic ability of Lecanicillium longisporum (Petch) Zare and Gams (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporari...

Trunk injection of azadirachtin into elm trees (Ulmus americana) using the Ecoject™ Microinjection System to reduce emergence numbers of red elm bark weevil (Magdalis armicollis) was evaluated. Twelve mature trees were each injected with TreeAzin™ in early August 2010 at a rate of 16 ml per 15.2 cm trunk circumference at breast height. The followin...

When western boxelder bugs, Boisea rubrolineata (Barber) (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae), form aggrega-tions in warm sunlight, they release from their posterior dorsal abdominal gland an odorous blend of monoterpenes with heretofore unknown biological function. In laboratory analyses and experiments, we show that bugs in warm sunlight, but not in shade, ex...

Fungi are among the most important microbial pathogens of grasshoppers with potential for development as biological control agents. Unlike most other insect pathogens that must be ingested to initiate disease, fungi generally invade insects via the external cuticle. The most common fungi that are pathogenic to grasshoppers are Beauveria bassiana, M...

The European house cricket, Acheta domesticus L., is highly susceptible to A. domesticus densovirus (AdDNV). Commercial rearings of crickets in Europe are frequently decimated by this pathogen. Mortality was predominant in the last larval stage and young adults. Infected A. domesticus were smaller, less active, did not jump as high, and the adult f...

The banded woollybear, Pyrrharctia (Isia) isabella (J. E. Smith), was reared from egg to larval diapause at 22, 26, and 30 °C. Field-collected and laboratory-reared larvae were weighed twice weekly and kept at different temperatures (0, 5, 10, 22, 26, and 30 °C). The larvae reared at 22 and 26 °C were found to remain viable at 5 °C, whereas those r...

It reviewed the development and use of microbial pesticides, and the registration and regulation system of the microbial insecticides in China

The commercial mycopesticide, Vertalec® based on Lecanicillium longisporum, was evaluated for simultaneous control of aphids and powdery mildew on cucumbers in a greenhouse setting where temperature and RH were allowed to fluctuate within normal operating ranges. Five to six week old cucumber plants were inoculated with either Sphaerotheca fuligine...

The nature and severity of intraguild interactions between predators and entomopathogens will be determined, in part, by a combination of threat of infection, and avoidance of that threat by the predator. We determined the threat of infection posed by the entomopathogen, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (as PFR-97™) to the generalist predator, Dicyphus he...

Last-instar larvae of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens, were subjected to Beauveria bassiana GHA incorporated into sterile sand and non-sterile orchard soil. Mycosis in the pupal stage was observed in >20% of buried R. indifferens pupae and >80% of larvae entering sand treated with either of two B. bassiana isolates. When pre-pu...

Entomopathogens are important natural enemies of many insect and mite species and as such have been recognised as providing an important ecosystem service. Indeed, fungal entomopathogens have been widely investigated as biological control agents of pest insects in attempts to improve the sustainability of crop protection. However, even though our u...

Understanding of the ecology of fungal entomopathogens has vastly increased since the early 1800's, but remains challenging. The often complex interactions between pathogen and host are being unravelled through eloquent research and the importance of the often subtle interactions, in determining the success or failure of biological control, cannot...

An important mechanism for insect pest control should be the use of fungal entomopathogens. Even though these organisms have been studied for more than 100 y, their effective use in the field remains elusive. Recently, however, it has been discovered that many of these entomopathogenic fungi play additional roles in nature. They are endophytes, ant...

Diabroticina is a speciose subtribe of New World Chrysomelidae (Subfamily Galerucinae: Tribe Luperini) that includes pests such as corn rootworms, cucumber beetles and bean leaf beetles (e.g. Diabrotica, Acalymma, Cerotoma species). The evolution and spread of pesticide resistance, the European invasion of Diabrotica v. virgifera LeConte, and possi...

The Mexican wild potato species Solanum pinnatisectum is an important gene source for resistance to Colorado potato beetle and late blight. Diploid progenies segregating for resistance genes to Colorado potato beetle were developed by crossing S. pinnatisectum with S. cardiophyllum. The hybrid lines were resistant to Colorado potato beetle. A resis...

Fungi in the genus Lecanicillium (formerly classified as the single species Verticillium lecanii) are important pathogens of insects and some have been developed as commercial biopesticides. Some isolates are also active against phytoparasitic nematodes or fungi. Lecanicillium spp. use both mechanical forces and hydrolytic enzymes to directly penet...

A diploid segregating population for resistance to Colorado potato beetle (CPB) was developed by crossing the resistant Mexican species Solanum pinnatisectum (S. pnt., 2n = 2x = 24) with the susceptible S. cardiophyllum (S. cph., 2n = 2x = 24). A resistant hybrid plant from this cross was selected and backcrossed as a female to S. cph in order to g...

Somatic hybridization through protoplast fusion is an important alternative approach for overcoming sexual incompatibility between diploid Solanum species and cultivated potatoes. However, compared with other potato species, methods for protoplast isolation and plant generation for several Mexican wild diploid potato species are not well establishe...

The commercial preparation of Lecanicillium longisporum, Vertalec® was evaluated for simultaneous suppression of cotton aphid and cucumber powdery mildew on potted cucumber plants. Vertalec was applied onto cucumber plants that had been infested with either cotton aphid, spores of Sphaerotheca fuliginea or both. Irradiation-inactivated Vertalec (II...

The abundance and genetic diversity of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae, in southwestern British Columbia (BC) and southern Alberta was examined. The fungus was found to be widespread in soil throughout southwestern BC, and was recovered from 56% of 85 sample sites. In contrast to southwestern BC, no M. anisopliae...

The effects of intraguild interactions between Dicyphus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Apopka-97 (PFR-97TM) (Wize) Brown and Smith (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) on Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) populations were investigated in tomato greenhouse microcosms. Conditions were established i...

Biological control, the management of pests by the use of living organisms, has a long history of application to agriculture around the world. However, the effective use of beneficial organisms is constrained by environmental, legal, and economic restrictions, forcing researchers to adopt increasingly multi-disciplinary techniques in order to deplo...

-2 ). The treatments resulted in a significantly greater number of mycosed wireworms compared with the control over and during five sampling periods. Significant differences in total wireworm mortality and mycosed wireworms in the field occurred at any time ranging from 15 to 82 d following treatment. The treatments also caused a reduction in the n...

This book contains 45 chapters divided into four sections, i.e. classical biocontrol programmes, inundative (or augmentative) biocontrol programmes (using nematodes, bacteria, fungi and viruses), conservation biocontrol programmes and networking in biocontrol. It describes the personal experiences of scientists from the initial search for suitable...

Detached leaf disc bioassays were conducted against cucumber powdery mildew and three species of aphid with three entomopathogenic species of Lecanicillium; Lecanicillium longisporum (Vertalec®), Lecanicillium attenuatum (CS625), and an unidentified isolate (DAOM198499). The three Lecanicillium species had high virulence against the aphids Myzus pe...

We determined that spinosad interacts synergistically with the biocontrol agent Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) Sorokin to increase the mortality of two wild-collected wireworm species, Agriotes lineatus (L.), and Agriotes obscurus (L.). Bioassays were performed using a M. anisopliae isolate originally acquired from a local wireworm cadaver. M. anis...

Three different germination types of conidia; unidirectional, bidirectional and multidirectional, were revealed through microscopic observations for eight Beauveria bassiana isolates germinated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that there is a positive correlation between unidirectional germination and virulence a...

Grasshoppers and locusts (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) have a tremendous impact on agricultural production throughout the world. They are capable of decimating cultivated crops, pastures and rangeland, and historically have been indirectly responsible for death by starvation or death by diseases associated with starvation, of untold thousands of people...

The term “non-target” organism has been adopted to indicate all living things aside from pests being treated for control. As such, this term can be extremely broad and unwieldy. However, studies of the effects of entomopathogens on non-target organisms become more focused because of pathogen specificity. By definition, entomopathogens live by paras...

Table of content Introduction 1 Adventures in Biocontrol George Lazarovits, Mark Goettel and Charles Vincent Classical Biocontrol Programs 2 Search for Biological Control Agents of Invasive Mediterranean Snails in Australia James Coupland and Geoff Baker 3 Introductions of Parasitoids to Control Apple Ermine Moth in British Columbia Joan E. Co...

Fungi contain a diverse array of taxa which exhibit a great diversity of properties and requirements, collectively occupying virtually every niche in which arthropods are also found. Consequently, there has been great interest in the use of fungi as microbial control agents. At present, there are over a dozen commercial products for invertebrate pe...

This book, intended for the scientific community involved in biological control and integrated pest management, commercial companies producing biological control agents, risk assessors and regulatory authorities, compiles the current methodologies used for assessing the environmental impacts of invertebrate biological control agents and guidelines...

Ten Beauveria bassiana isolates were characterized using the following parameters: virulence, morphological measurements, germination in solid and liquid media, in vitro growth and physiological changes in liquid media. There were significant differences in mortality of second-instar larvae of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepido...

To efficiently transfer important disease and insect resistance traits from diploid Mexican wild species Solanum pinnatisectum to tetraploid cultivated Solanum tuberosum, molecular cytogenetic and karyotypic analyses were carried out to examine the degree of chromosomal and genomic variation between these 2 species. The results demonstrated that th...

We examined under laboratory conditions the thermopreference of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides, following infection by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and its influence on mycosis. Infected locusts raised their body temperature more frequently than healthy conspecifics through selection of hi...

Wild potatoes are important sources of genes for resistance to disease and insect pests. A collection of wild Mexican and South AmericanSolarium species from the US potato Genebank was evaluated under laboratory and/or field conditions for their reaction to late blight (Phytophthora infestans), Colorado potato beetle (CPB,Leptinotarsa decemlineata...

Molecular analyses using ftsZ and wsp primers identified infections of type-A Wolbachia bacteria in populations of Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a potential biocontrol agent for pest flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in livestock confinements. Incidence of infections ranged from 10 to 45% for three field populations and 100% in a...

The locust, Locusta migratoria, has the capacity to develop a behavioural fever which reduces fungal infection by Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum. We investigated hemocyte and blastospore kinetics in infected insects under conditions that did or did not allow thermoregulation. Hemocyte concentrations were severely reduced in inoculated insects t...

Microbial insecticides, as with other pesticides of biological origin, are generally considered to provide an environmentally benign pest control option. However, this does not mean that they are entirely free of hazards to health and the environment. Although the risks may be low, the introduction of any living biological agent into an environment...

Several microbial control products based on entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes are commercially available for management of invertebrate pests (Shah & Goettel 1999; Strasser et al. 2000; Copping 2001), while other fungi are under study or are being developed (Inglis et al. 2001). Some products are applied over very large areas while others are used only...

Hemolymph proteins in the locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides infected with the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum were analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Under conditions that allowed locusts to thermoregulate, 2 proteins, ITB1 (ca. 18kDa) and ITB2 (ca. 13kDa) were induced 48h post inoc...

The phenology and damage potential of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) were studied in the potato producing area in southern Alberta. Experimental plots were established at Lethbridge in 1998, 1999 and 2000, and at Vauxhall in 1998 and 1999. At each site, one plot was protected against the beetle by application of insecticides...

The susceptibility of Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) (CPB) from three provinces in western Canada was measured using a filter paper bioassay to substantiate the reported insecticide resistance by the beetle in Manitoba, and to compare the situation there to beetle populations from Saskatchewan and Alberta. Susceptibility of bee...

AC Glacier Chip has a maincrop maturity, higher yields than Snowden and excellent quality (color and dry matter) for the chip industry. The tubers are oval and very uniform in size with white flesh. It performs best under irrigated conditions. AC Glacier Chip provides the industry with a high-yielding chip cultivar that produces excellent quality f...

AC Peregrine Red is a maincrop cultivar that produces very uniform attractive tubers with a deep red skin color. Marketable yields and skin color retention in storage are superior to Norland in Canadian and some U.S.A. locations. The cultivar provides the fresh market industry with a high-yielding red-skinned potato, with good storage capacity and...

AC Maple Gold is a high-yielding oval/oblong, yellow-fleshed potato with an attractive appearance for the fresh market coupled with excellent french fry quality. The cultivar can be harvested early for french fry processing, but also maintains excellent fry quality during long-term storage. AC Maple Gold produces french fries with a uniform deep ye...

This book summarizes the biological control programmes in Canada since 1981. The book includes three chapters on the relationships of invasive species, pesticides and taxonomy to biological control, and contains sections on insects and mites (55 chapters, including crop pests, forest pests, public health pests and livestock pests), weeds (25 chapte...

This book summarizes the biological control programmes in Canada since 1981. The book includes three chapters on the relationships of invasive species, pesticides and taxonomy to biological control, and contains sections on insects and mites (55 chapters, including crop pests, forest pests, public health pests and livestock pests), weeds (25 chapte...

This book summarizes the biological control programmes in Canada since 1981. The book includes three chapters on the relationships of invasive species, pesticides and taxonomy to biological control, and contains sections on insects and mites (55 chapters, including crop pests, forest pests, public health pests and livestock pests), weeds (25 chapte...

This book summarizes the biological control programmes in Canada since 1981. The book includes three chapters on the relationships of invasive species, pesticides and taxonomy to biological control, and contains sections on insects and mites (55 chapters, including crop pests, forest pests, public health pests and livestock pests), weeds (25 chapte...

This book presents topics on the development, improvement and commercialization of fungi for the biological control of pests, weeds and diseases which are of economic importance. Common themes such as production, formulation and application of technologies, biosafety, risk assessment and registration requirements are all covered. The book attempts...

This book presents topics on the development, improvement and commercialization of fungi for the biological control of pests, weeds and diseases which are of economic importance. Common themes such as production, formulation and application of technologies, biosafety, risk assessment and registration requirements are all covered. The book attempts...

This book contains 11 chapters by 35 contributors, which are noticed elsewhere. The papers were presented at an international symposium held in Montpellier, France, on 17-20 October 1999.

AC Stampede Russet has a maincrop maturity, and the tubers reach maximum size in western Canada in early to mid-September. The tubers are attractive with russet skin, shallow eyes, an oblong shape, and are very uniform in size. The cultivar is suitable for french fry or fresh market (count carton) production. It appears to perform best under irriga...

The sporulation of the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and Beauveria bassiana in cadavers of the grasshopper Rhammatocerus schistocercoides was studied in dry and humid environments. Both fungi were equally virulent against R. schistocercoides. However, internally, M. anisopliae produced more conidia than B. bassiana at 53% and 75% relati...

The influence of rain on removal of Beauveria bassiana conidia from potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves and Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae was investigated. In the first experiment, substrates were exposed to simulated rain of varying intensities (25, 77, and 89 mm/h) and durations (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min). Substantial n...

The background theory and practical protocols for bioassays of biological control agents against agricultural and medical insect pests are provided. Chapters are presented on the bioassays of Bacillus thuringiensis , bacteria against soil-dwelling insect pests, entomopathogenic viruses, entomogenous fungi, microsporidia [Microspora] and entomopatho...

A study was conducted to determine the effects of temperature on the competitive infection and colonization of grasshoppers (Melanoplus sanguinipes) byBeauveria bassianaandMetarhizium flavovirideapplied alone and in combination. Nymphal mortality and proliferation of the fungi in the hemocoel were measured in four environments with the same mean da...

Microorganisms were isolated from the alimentary canals of third-instar alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) larvae under strict anaerobic conditions. In all 3 years of the study, small populations (8.0 colony-forming units per gut) of a limited number of bacterial taxa (primarily the facultatively anaerobic bacteria Paenibacillus macerans...

The effect of conidial concentration, soil texture, and soil sterilization on the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana against ovipositing grasshoppers (Melanoplus sanguinipes) was investigated in a controlled environment. In the first experiment, mortality of female grasshoppers ovipositing into a sterile loamy-sand soil containing conidia of B. bassian...