Mariusz Kormanek

University of Agriculture in Krakow | UR · Department of Forest Work Mechanization

An important issue in container nurseries is the production of seedlings of appropriate quality. These seedlings must meet specific biometric parameters and possess traits that ensure their suitability for later use in forest cultivation. One such traitis the ease of pulling the seedling out of the container cell, characterized by the pulling resis...

Forest management tasks, including regeneration with forest tree seedlings produced in container nurseries under controlled conditions, are usually performed manually, using a dibble, which is associated with a very high level of energy expenditure. This is sometimes done with the use of planters with designs that date from the 1970s, coupled with...

The paper is focused on the research of chipper knives with a straight and modified cutting edge in order to determine the energy consumption of the chipping process and the uniformity of the size of the fractions of the designed chipper knife for the production of dimensionally uniform chips. The research took place on two different tree species w...

Agrotechnological procedures related to forest management, including planting, are burdensome and the energy expenditure of the people working is very high. Nowadays, planting is usually carried out manually, and sometimes with the use of planters coupled to universal tractors. Occasionally, planters mounted on high-power carriers are used, and usu...

Measuring the physical and chemical parameters of substrates in the cells of nursery containers during production is difficult. Monitoring these parameters, however, is required for optimizing the use of substrates and their components in nursery production, specifically important in the progressive reduction in the use of peat. A new solution—leac...

In container production, the key issue is proper irrigation and fertilization. Typically, the water required for plant growth is supplied through an irrigation ramp system, which can also perform fertilization. The frequency of irrigation and the amount of water supplied by the ramp depends on several factors, such as the species of plants grown, t...

The aim of the project was to develop the construction of an autonomous robot and an innovative technology for planting forest crops and afforestation of reclaimed and post-agricultural land. As part of the project, the functionality and boundary conditions of the machine were determined, which allowed the development of a virtual CAD-3D solid mode...

An important problem of container forest nursery is to ensure uniform, favourable growth conditions for the cultivated plants. This can be achieved by ensuring similar physical parameters of the substrate used for growing seedlings in individual cells of the container. Measuring the physical parameters of substrates as well as those related to nurs...

An important problem of container nurseries is ensuring equal and favorable growth conditions for cultivated plants. This can be achieved by ensuring the physical parameters of the substrate used to grow seedlings in individual cells of the container are similar. The nursery container is filled with a specially composed substrate through an automat...

The quality of container-grown seedlings is influenced by the air and water properties of the substrate. These properties are closely tied to the amount and frequency of water supplied through sprinkler systems in nurseries, as well as the density of the substrate in the container cells. Throughout the entire growing season, this study examined how...

Prace ręczne w zagospodarowaniu lasu, w tym również odnowienia sadzonkami drzew leśnych, wyprodukowanych w szkółkach kontenerowych w warunkach kontrolowanych wykonywane jest na ogół ręcznie przy pomocy kostura, co wiąże się z bardzo wysoki poziomem wydatku energetycznego. Wprowadzanie zautomatyzowanych systemów technologicznych sprzyja wyeliminowan...

The article presents the results of measurements regarding the impact of the MHT9002HV tracked harvester on surface deformations and changing the physical parameters of the soil of three operational trails. The measurements were made in the terrain with a longitudinal slope of up to 14.9° (33.2%) and a transverse slope of up to 8.8° (17.9%). Spruce...

As a renewable fuel, logging residues, as well as other dendromass, are in high demand. On the other hand, they can serve as a natural fertilizer and stabilize biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Therefore, they need to be used rationally, with due care for the volumes extracted from a particular stand. The volume of logging residues is difficult to...

The macroelement (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium) contents in individual parts of 1-year-old seedlings (leaves, shoots, root system) of the common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were investigated. The seedlings were grown in nine different densities of peat substrate (0.196–0.317 g cm􀀀3) in 265 cm3 containers. It was fo...

Forest regeneration by means of seedlings grown in container nurseries is usually performed manually with the use of the standard dibble bar or the tube dibble. Manual placement of a large number of seedlings in the soil requires a lot of work. Manual removal of the soil cover and digging the soil in spots with a diameter of 0.4 m requires, under a...

Substrate compaction is one of the most important factors influencing plant growth. Seedling growth is influenced by the substrate's physical properties, including its compaction level, typ− ically expressed as bulk density. Substrate compaction determines the air−water ratio, water and nutrients availability, and microbial activity. Several author...

sylwan 166 (3): 211−223, March 2022 https://doi.org/10.26202/sylwan.2022023 Journal homepage: https://sylwan−journal.pl Various factors, such as availability of light, water, nutrients and soil properties have impact on plant growth. Macroelement content in the seedlings affects their biometric features (such as height and weight) which in turn aff...

Wood harvesting with the use of wheeled harvesters is now common in Polish and Czech forests. While moving in the forest, the wheels of these machines affect the forest soil and the extent of this impact is interesting. The paper presents the results of measurements of the changes that occur in the soil on the operational trails after the timber ha...

The growth of seedlings depends on many factors: the availability of light, water and minerals as well as the type and physical properties of the substrate, including its density. The effect of different levels of compaction of the peat - perlite substrate on the growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings in container nursery has not b...

The introduction of automated technological systems promotes the elimination of humans from heavy forestry work and is inevitable in view of the projected demographic and social problems that lead to difficulties in hiring low-skilled laborers and to increasing costs of such activities. The planting procedure in current realities is usually done ma...

The introduction of automated technological systems promotes the elimination of humans from heavy forestry work and is inevitable in view of the projected demographic and social problems that lead to difficulties in hiring low-skilled laborers and to increasing costs of such activities. The planting procedure in current realities is usually done ma...

Skidding is considered to be one of the most stressful works for the forest environment. This paper presented the results obtained from the analysis of soil deformation and selected physical and mechanical parameters of soils on skid trails in the Gorce National Park. The study analyzed two horse and tractor skid trails that are in continuous use i...

Cut-to-length (CTL) operations are expanding in Central European bio-economies. However, they are costly, so efficiency must be maximized. The objective of this study was to analyze direct operational costs of three forwarders from the year 2006 until 2019. Annual amortization, services, materials, and personnel costs were analyzed and compared thr...

Ground contact pressures exerted by elements of the machine chassis on the ground in the forest are associated with the machine impact on the soil during its operation. In the case of a crawler system, determining the ground contact pressure appears simple, which is not entirely true. The aim of the study was to analyze the loads on the ground (for...

Cultivation of seedlings in trays requires the use of specifically developed substrates. This study presents the results of the analyses of selected physical and mechanical parameters of a peat–perlite substrate, in which seedlings of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L....

Współczesne ciągniki oraz maszyny rolnicze i leśne wyposażone są w najnowsze technologie elektroniczne i informacyjne, które zarządzają pracą silnika, ale też pracą pozostałych podzespołów tych urządzeń. W artykule przedstawiono aktualnie stosowane systemy sterowania i kontroli pracy ciągników i maszyn, działające na podstawie szeregowego protokołu...

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki prac eksperymentalnych oraz wdrożeniowych, wykonanych w ramach badań zamawianych przez Państwowe Gospodarstwo Leśne Lasy Państwowe (PGL LP), realizowanych na terenie gospodarstwa szkółkarskiego Nędza w Nadleśnictwie Rudy Raciborskie pt. „Optymalizacja produkcji sadzonek z zakrytym systemem korzeniowym w wybranych szk...

Jakość i żywotność sadzonek w leśnictwie określa się na podstawie cech wzrostowych, tzn. wysokości części nadziemnej, średnicy w szyi korzeniowej oraz długości korzeni szkieletowych. Wynika to z powszechnie znanego i szeroko wykorzystywanego faktu, iż kondycja młodych sadzonek jest pochodną stanu rozwojowego zarówno ich systemu korzeniowego, jak i...

Wprowadzanie zautomatyzowanych systemów technologicznych sprzyja wyeliminowaniu ludzi z ciężkich prac w leśnictwie i jest nieuniknione wobec prognozowanych problemów demograficznych i społecznych, które prowadzą do trudności przy zatrudnianiu nisko wykwalifikowanych robotników i do wzrastających kosztów takich działań. Wspomniana automatyzacja wpis...

Monografia obejmuje aktualne problemy naukowe, badawcze i rozwojowe, podejmowane przez pracowników Katedry Użytkowania Lasu, Inżynierii i Techniki Leśnej Wydziału Leśnego Uniwersytetu Rolniczego im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie.

In this study, we explore the effect of soil compaction on the growth of seedlings of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L., European beech Fagus sylvatica L. and pedunculate oak Quercus robur L. On the experimental plots, ground contact pressures ranging from 0 to 250 kPa was applied on the soil. The applied pressure resulted in an increase in soil compa...

In forest management in Poland, there are no standards for the quality and suitability for planting seedlings produced in nursery containers; therefore, research contributing to the development of such guidelines is important. We investigated the growth reaction of European beech and Norway spruce seedlings growing in container technology one year...

According to the data of the Central Statistical Office, there has been an increase in forest cover in Poland from 27.8% to 29.6% over the last 25 years. This increase contributed to an increase in the possibility of wood obtaining and processing for energy purposes. The aim of the study was to analyse the efficiency of a chipping machine manufactu...

Annually, harvester technology in the Czech Republic processes 29 % of annual wood yield, which represents 4.5 mil m 3. What remains an open issue is the possibility of electronic scaling and grading of timber from harvesters, which is motivated by two aims of timber suppliers (forest owners). The first aim is to achieve maximum possible yield and...

Do produkcji sadzonek wysokiej jakości w kontenerach, niezbędne jest stosowanie odpowiedniego podłoża glebowego o właściwym składzie i określonych parametrach, optymalne nawodnianie oraz nawożenie. Obecnie najczęściej jako podłoże szkółkarskie wykorzystuje się torf z dodatkiem perlitu, który poprawia właściwości wodno-powietrzne tak powstałego subs...

This study explores the use of fully automatic monitoring system of peat moss substrate moisture under pine seedlings at Rudy Raciborskie forest nursery in the Silesian Upland. A brand new multipoint system for this study was created. The multichannel electronic recorder MPI-DN Metronic was the main part of the project. Twelve HD3910.2 probes (thre...

The paper presents analysis of efficiency of the logging unit comprising Belarus 820 farm tractor and PD80 logging trailer equipped with Ryś-1 crane. Analysis was made based on the working day timing. The unit logged 1-meter long tree pieces (hornbeam, oak, birch) from the area where material for logging was distributed irregularly on the entire fe...

The use of boom irrigation systems in container nurseries is crucial for the quality of planting stock. For nearly 20 years in the container nursery in Nędza, in the Rudy Raciborskie District, nurseries in the fields of HAB T-1 Swedish producer BCC AB, are used in the. These devices do not have the ability to change the schedule of fertilization an...

Irrigation of forest tree seedlings produced in container technology is essential for the quality of planting seedlings. For many years in the container nursery in Nędza in the Rudy Raciborskie Forest District has been used Holding Area Boom Type 1 (HAB T-1) produced by the Swedish company BCC AB. Devices of this type, although they perform their w...

The article presents analysis of operation of Fao Far 6840 mini harvester for machine wood harvesting. Analysis was made based on working day timing. The investigations were carried out on the area of Lubliniec Forest Inspectorate, Bór Forestry on the habitat forest site − fresh mixed forest where pine wood was obtained with the use of a harvester....

For the period from the 1st of May to the 30th of October 2014, the water balance for Scotch pine, Norway spruce, Pedunculate oak and European beech seedlings in a plantation setting was analysed. The experiment was conducted at the container nursery in the Rudy Raciborskie Forest District, Poland. Water was supplied by natural rainfall as well as...

In agriculture and forestry, errors in position and directional information provided by high accuracy global satellite positioning systems (GNSS) lead directly to economic, productivity and environmental losses. The paper focuses on such GNSS inaccuracies in the context of robotic forest harvester operations. This represents a significant challenge...

This study quantified the hydrological responses to the forest cover change in the upper part of Sola River basin, Forest Creek catchment, southern Poland, under projected climatic conditions. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) will be applied to investigate the response of the hydrology regime to deforestation and reforestation processes. Under...

The paper presents the work performance analysis of timber harvesting with the use of Highlander harvester produced by KONRAD Forsttechnik GmbH. The analysis was performed based on the timing of the working day. We also assessed the organization of the machine operation in the research area and its functional capability. The study was conducted in...

During the growing seasons 2014 and 2015 the water balance in crop growth field for Scotch pine, was analyzed. The experiment was conducted at the container nursery in Rudy Raciborskie Forest District, Poland. The water was supplied by natural rainfall and by small-droplet irrigation BCC AB system (Sweden). Two automatic weather stations and 8 rain...

In the study, the influence of soil compaction on the growth of silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) was evaluated; the soil compaction being measured using a cone penetrometer. The studies were conducted under a forest canopy, where the exploratory units with different soil compactions exerting a unit pressure of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kPa,...

The paper presents the possibility of modernising the plant sprinkler irrigation system based on a sprinkler platform of the type: HAB T-1 produced by BCC AB (Sweden), operating in the Nursery Farm in Nędza. In the standard solution, the measurement of water supplied to seedlings via the sprinkler platform is performed using a mechanical collective...

Controlling the plant watering process in container nurseries by using the parameters of water balance may be an important part of the process of seedling cultivation optimisation and of adaptation of the production technology to the requirements of quality nursery stock. One of the elements of the study was to determine the optimal parameters of c...

The following paper presents the results of a pilot program aimed at analysing spatial data and physiological characteristics of the vegetation cover in a nursery producing forest nursery stock with the use of the container technology. The research was carried out in the production fields of “Nędza” nursery farm in Rudy Raciborskie Forest District...

For many years, scientists have been searching for nondestructive methods for the measurement of plant root system parameters. The measurement of electrical capacitance (EC) across the root has been proposed as one such nondestructive method. This article presents a study on the determination of relationships between EC measurement and the shape an...

This article presents the results of laboratory examinations concerning the effects of soil bulk density on the growth of sessile oak Quercus petraea Liebl. seedlings. The soil for the study was collected from a nursery plot and then compacted into PCV pots in eight different bulk density levels ranging from 0.81 to 1.32 g cm−3. Oak seedlings were...

The paper presents the results of an analysis of the influence of soil bulk density in a forest nursery plot on the growth and quality parameters of Scots pine and European beech seedlings. Particular density variants were obtained using a tractor device exerting controlled pressure on the soil, while field examinations were performed on an area of...

The aim of the study was to characterize repetitive cycles of harvester operation. The study was conducted in thinning, mature and post-disaster pine stands. The sequences of the activities characteristic of harvester operation were described as time series. In order to detect the cyclic variable structure of the analysed time series, the methodolo...

The constructions of equipment for the enrichment, packaging and application of soil substrates are based on the experience of practicians rather than the experts whose knowledge is based on information about the friable materials agrophysical parameters. Understanding the physical properties (especially mechanical ones) is necessary for the constr...

The paper presents research on influence of nursery soil compaction, composed of peat (90%) and perlite (10%), on the growth of seedlings of Pinus sylvestris grown in containers. Polyethylene nursery are containers used for the seedling production. These containers were filled with three different densities of the peat and perlite substrate (0.3,...

The paper presents construction and application of a device for measuring surface deformation, which operates based on the principle of movement above the surface of a laser rangefinder, using computer numeric control (CNC). The unit was used to determine deformation of the operating trail caused by multiple ride of crawler harvester Mht 8002HV. Th...

Abstract. The paper presents the results of laboratory research on the effects of different soil compaction caused by varying unit pressure and its impact on germination and growth parameters of common beech. Soil for the research was taken from the forest stand, and then poured into prepared PVC cylinders. Pressure was exerted on the soil with use...

The paper presents the results of laboratory research on the effects of different bulk density and its impact on germination and growth parameters of European beech. Soil for the research was taken from the forest stand, and then poured into prepared PVC cylinders. Different bulk density was made by pressure exerted on the soil, with use of the sta...

Streszczenie. Praca zawiera opis budowy oraz przykładowe zastosowanie nowo opracowane-go urządzenia do pomiaru odkształceń poprzecznego przekroju drogi lub szlaku zrywkowego. Może też być ono wykorzystane do odwzorowania powierzchni terenu. Działa na zasadzie przemieszczania nad badaną powierzchnią budowlanego dalmierza laserowego Leica Disto Plus,...

S t r e s z c z e n i e . W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy wpływu nacisku jednostkowego wywar-tego na glebę na wzrost i jakość sadzonek sosny zwyczajnej Pinus sylvestris L., buka pospolitego Fagus sylvatica L. oraz dębu szypułkowego Quercus robur L., wyrosłych w warunkach powierzchni doświadczalnych założonych pod okapem drzewostanu. Określoną...

Wzrastające zapotrzebowanie na coraz większą udatność materiału sadzeniowego spowodowało wprowadzanie podłoży szkółkarskich, których właściwości fizyczne i chemiczne, stwarzają dobre warunki rozwoju sadzonek. Podłoże szkółkarskie powinno wyróżniać się poprzez: dużą porowatość, sterylność, dobre stosunki wodno-powietrzne, dostępność związków odżywcz...

The paper presents the results of laboratory research on the influence of bulk density on growth parameters of the pedunculate oak. The soil for the research was taken from the stand growing on the site of fresh mixed coniferous forest. The moisture of soil was qualified in the laboratory with the use of dryer method, and then the soil was poured t...

The work presents the results of research relating to the influence of the unit pressure exerted on the soil, on growth and quality of seedlings of Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris, L. European beech Fagus sylvatica L. and pedunculate oak Quercus robur L. grown in experimental conditions of the forest stand. The unit pressure in the experience was made...

The paper presents construction and application of a newly developed device for measuring surface deformation, which operates based on the principle of movement above the surface of a laser rangefinder, using computer numeric control (CNC). The unit was used to determine deformation of the skid trail caused by multiple skidding ride of LKT 81 Turbo...

The paper presents the results of research performed in laboratory conditions on the determination of the average unit pressures exerted by the micro-tractor pneumatic drive wheel. The 165/70-R13 radial tyre, which worked in its nominal work parameters, was used in the research. Average unit pressures were determined on soil brought from a fresh mi...

The paper presents the results of research performed in laboratory conditions on the determination of the average unit pressures exerted by the micro-tractor pneumatic drive wheel. The 165/70-R13 radial tyre, which worked in its nominal work parameters, was used in the research. Average unit pressures were determined on soil brought from a fresh mi...