Marios Adamou

• Professor
• Professor at University of Huddersfield

Background Advancements in medical science have focused largely on patient care, often overlooking the well-being of health care professionals (HCPs). This oversight has consequences; not only are HCPs prone to mental and physical health challenges, but the quality of patient care may also endure as a result. Such concerns are also exacerbated by u...

PICO-SM was a prospective longitudinal study investigating the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with colorectal cancer treated in a large UK tertiary cancer centre. Here, we present the impact of the third wave of the pandemic (December 2021 to February 2022), when the Omicron variant became prevalent in the UK, and the com...

BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders are complex and heterogeneous, impacting efficacy in treatment design. Multiple syndromes are associated with executive function (EF) deficits, however theories of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) centralise outcomes arising from impairments in EF for adult treatment. Transdiagnostic approaches...

Background: Wellbeing is a valuable outcome with benefits for patients and the wider healthcare system. Different instruments are available to measure wellbeing; however, each has its own limitations. Existing wellbeing models focus mostly on a single aspect (e.g., social). The Wellbeing Thermometer (WbT) was developed based on a more holistic fram...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine why and how adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience variable impairment and identify the processes and strategies adults with ADHD use to develop positive self-regulation skills. Methods: A mixed cohort of 11 participants (6 female and 5 male) from a university, an ad...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine why and how adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience variable impairment and identify the processes and strategies adults with ADHD use to develop positive self-regulation skills. Methods: A mixed cohort of 11 participants (6 female and 5 male) from a university, an ad...

This paper introduces the concept of Quantum Economics, a groundbreaking framework for economic analysis inspired by the principles of quantum mechanics. Traditional economic models often fail to capture the inherent complexities and uncertainties in healthcare decision-making, where diverse variables and stakeholder preferences intersect. Quantum...

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social cognition and repetitive or rigid behaviours, affecting 1.1% of adults. The increasing incidence of ASD has led to pressurized diagnostic services, with specific challenges such as limited specialist workforce, lengthy waiti...

Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently persists into adulthood. There are practice guidelines that outline the requirements for the assessment and treatment of adults. Nevertheless, guidelines specifying what constitutes a good quality diagnostic assessment and report and the competencies required to be a specialist a...

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is generally widely under-recognised and undertreated in adults. Real world evidence is needed to characterise healthcare resource utilisation and economic burden of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in England. Methods This retrospective cohort study used primary care medical record...

Traits and symptoms of ADHD, which can potentially lead to a diagnosis, are highly prevalent in the general population. In any typical town in the UK, there may be thousands of people who would potentially match the symptom descriptions set out in the diagnostic criteria. Such a screening approach could potentially pathologise normal human experien...

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently persists into adulthood. There are practice guidelines which outline the requirements for the assessment and treatment of adults. However, guidelines specifying what constitutes a good quality diagnostic assessment and report and the competencies required to be a specialist asse...

The UK's services for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are in crisis, with demand outstripping capacity and waiting times reaching unprecedented lengths. Recognition of and treatments for ADHD have expanded over the past two decades, increasing clinical demand. This issue has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite a...

Purpose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a widespread condition that affects human behaviour and can interfere with daily activities and relationships. Medication or medical information about ADHD can be found in several data sources on the Web. Such distribution of knowledge raises notable obstacles since researchers and clinicia...

BACKGROUND Wellbeing is a valuable outcome with benefits for patients and the wider healthcare system, and the measurement and improvement of subjective forms of wellbeing is a key policy and government objective. Different instruments are available to measure wellbeing; however, each has their own limitations. Existing models of wellbeing focus mo...

Purpose We aimed to validate the Wellbeing Thermometer (WbT) in a sample of colorectal cancer patients in England. Methods A survey, including GAD-7, PHQ-9, WHO-5, and WbT, was administered to adult patients with colorectal cancer reviewed in clinic between 7-28 April 2021 (Cohort 1 Timepoint 1; n=127) and December 2021-February 2022 (Cohort 2 Time...

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting a large percentage of the adult population. A series of ongoing efforts has led to the development of a hybrid AI algorithm (a combination of a machine learning model and a knowledge-based model) for assisting adult ADHD diagnosis, and its clinical trial curr...

BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that causes significant impairment across various domains. Delayed diagnosis and treatment for ADHD can be harmful to people, leading to broader mental health and social...

Simple Summary The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented changes to the life of patients with cancer. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and general well-being of patients with colorectal cancer by carrying out a prospective longitudinal questionnaire. We found that around one in fou...

Background: Significant changes in the accessibility and viability of health services have been observed during the COVID-19 period, particularly in vulnerable groups such as cancer patients. In this study, we described the impact of radical practice and perceived changes on cancer patients' mental well-being and investigated potential outcome des...

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent and highly debated diagnosis for mental disorder in practice today. Two decades of research have substantially contributed to evolving conceptualizations and understanding of the condition. However, this evolution has not been extended to theoretical research. Current cogn...

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with poor educational outcomes that can have long-term negative effects on the mental health, wellbeing, and socio-economic outcomes of university students. Mental health provision for university students with ADHD is often inadequate due to long waiting times for access to di...

Background ADHD in adults is a common and debilitating neurodevelopmental mental health condition. Yet, diagnosis, clinical management and monitoring are frequently constrained by scarce resources, low capacity in specialist services and limited awareness or training in both primary and secondary care. As a result, many people with ADHD experience...

Adult referrals to specialist autism spectrum disorder diagnostic services have increased in recent years, placing strain on existing services and illustrating the need for the development of a reliable screening tool, in order to identify and prioritize patients most likely to receive an ASD diagnosis. In this work a detailed overview of existing...

Objective Continuous performance tests are widely used to aid diagnostic decision making and measure symptom reduction in adult ADHD clinical populations. The diagnostic accuracy of the Quantified Behavior Test plus (QbTest+), developed to identify ADHD populations as an objective measure of ADHD symptoms, was explored. Methods The utility of the...

Psychological theory and interpretation of research are key elements influencing clinical treatment development and design in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Research-based treatment recommendations primarily support Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), an extension of the cognitive behavioural theory, which promotes a deficit-focu...

Adult referrals to specialist autism spectrum disorder diagnostic services have increased in recent years, placing strain on existing services. It was proposed that the Ritvo Autism Asperger's Diagnostic Scale could be used as a screening tool, in order to identify and prioritise patients most likely to receive an ASD diagnosis. This study evaluate...

Purpose The Adult Asperger Assessment (AAA), comprising the Autism Questionnaire, the Empathy Quiotient and the Relatives Questionnaire is a commonly used screening tool designed to identify adults who may benefit from a further clinical assessment for autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of this scre...

Psychological theory and interpretation of research are key elements influencing clinical treatment development and design in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Research-based treatment recommendations primarily support Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), an extension of the cognitive behavioural theory, which promotes a deficit-focu...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes symptoms such as inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is considered as an important public health issue, and prevalence of diagnosis has increased as awareness of the disease grew over the past years. Supply of specialist medical experts h...

COVID-19 pandemic has obviously affected patients' behavior towards seeking medical help as well as physicians' decision in the management of emergencies. Our recent experience as surgeons at a COVID-19 referral hospital revealed cases which share an alerting characteristic: the delay in appropriate management. Unfortunately for COVID-19 negative p...

Advances in digital health have enabled clinicians to move away from a reliance on face to face consultation methods towards making use of modern video and web-based conferencing technology. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote telecommunication methods have become much more common place in mental health settings. The current study sough...

Background ADHD is neurodevelopmental disorder which persists into adulthood. Presently, therapeutic approaches are mainly pharmacological and psychological whilst the role, scope and approaches of occupational therapists have not been adequately described. Results In this consensus statement we propose that by assessing specific aspects of a pers...

Purpose Since the 1990s, the National Health Service (NHS)advisory officers have developed considerable expertise in managing the process of specifying, procuring, contracting and running public–private partnership (PPP) projects. However, there has been a relatively consistent trajectory in the findings of studies and evaluation of PPP from its in...

Background The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) module four assessment for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder in adults has shown good sensitivity and specificity in research settings. Method This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the ADOS-2 module four by investigating the components of the assessm...

Aim: This paper presents evidence on the impact of leadership development programmes on developing key competencies of clinical leaders in the European Health Sector. Methods: An International Leadership Development Programme has been used as a pilot to assess effectiveness on skills development and leadership styles. A longitudinal pre and post-te...

ADHD is characterised by a persistent and impairing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity that causes significant impairment to daily life. This study explores quality of life domains in adult ADHD using grounded theory driven data collection and analysis. Three semi-structured interviews with adults with ADHD with remission of sy...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes symptoms such as inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is considered as an important public health issue and prevalence of, as well as demand for diagnosis, has increased as awareness of the disease grew over the past years. Supply of speci...

Background: The psychological effects of government imposed lockdown due to COVID-19 have been studied in several populations. These however have not been studied in adult ADHD populations. Objective: We wanted to investigate the effects of lockdown imposed due to COVID-19 in an adult ADHD population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional su...

This exploratory study reports the outcomes of a remotely delivered manualised form of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during the COVID-19 imposed “lockdown”. Adults completing this intervention (N = 12) reported statistically and clinically significant improvements on outcomes...

Background: In recent years, there has been a concerted effort to acknowledge the effect the working environment has on health professionals in the UK. Several institutions have produced reports either commenting on the current status of the situation or pointing to a future direction. Still, practically it is unclear how much difference these inte...

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that covers a range of symptoms such as impaired social skills and repetitive behaviours. The diagnosis of ASD in clinics is typically lengthy and cost-ineffective. Recent advances in machine learning could facilitate more efficient and effective detection of ASD. However, fuzzy system...

BACKGROUND The psychological effects of government imposed lockdown due to COVID-19 have been studied in several populations. These however have not been studied in adult ADHD populations. OBJECTIVE We wanted to investigate the effects of lockdown imposed due to COVID-19 in an adult ADHD population METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey us...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and or impulsivity. First line treatment is medication; however, medication alone may not provide sufficient functional improvement for some patients, or be universally tolerated. A recent surge in researc...

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and or impulsivity. Since the development of the concept, a reliable biomarker to aid diagnosis has been sought. One potential method is the use of electroencephalogram to measure neuronal activity. The...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes symptoms such as inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is considered as an important public health issue, and prevalence of diagnosis has increased as awareness of the disease grew over the past years. Supply of specialist medical experts h...

This chapter on hidden impairments considers the neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their impact on employment and how occupational health (OH) professionals can provide appropriate advice on fitness to work. These chronic disorders have a combined prevalence of up to 6%...

Fitness for Work gathers together specialist advice on the medical aspects of employment, covering the majority of medical conditions that are likely to be encountered in the working population. The aim is to inform the best occupational health advice to employers, managers, and others about the impact of a patient’s health on work and how they can...

Background: Suicide has been considered an important public health issue for years and is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Despite prevention strategies being applied, the rate of suicide has not changed substantially over the past decades. Suicide risk has proven extremely difficult to assess for medical specialists, and traditional met...

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that often persists into adulthood and old age. Yet ADHD is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated in many European countries, leading to chronicity of symptoms and impairment, due to lack of, or ineffective treatment, and highe...

Suicide has been considered as an important public health issue for a very long time, and is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Despite suicide prevention strategies being applied, the rate of suicide has not changed substantially over the past decades. Advances in machine learning make it possible to attempt to predict suicide based on the...

Purpose Many tools are available for assessing autism in an adult population; however, few have been studied for the effects of gender on diagnostic scores. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) assessment for gender bias in a clinical population, specifically whether the ADOS favours a “male-typ...

Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is prevalent in adulthood, resulting in serious impairment across multiple domains of living. Despite clinical guidance recommendations, the relative infancy of research on service provision for adults with ADHD, along with the evidence transfer gap, means that there is a lack of specific framewor...

The aim of this consensus statement was to discuss transition of patients with ADHD from child to adult healthcare services, and formulate recommendations to facilitate successful transition. An expert workshop was convened in June 2012 by the UK Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN), attended by a multidisciplinary team of mental health professionals, allied...

There is increasing evidence suggesting a link between ADHD and criminality, including a strong association between ADHD symptoms and the likelihood of being on probation or in prison. Most studies investigating the prevalence of ADHD in prison populations have focused on adult male offenders. In the current study, 69 female prisoners were screened...

Research has indicated that, compared with the general population, the prevalence of offenders with ADHD in prison is high. The situation for offenders managed in the community by the Probation Service is unknown. This study aimed to bridge the gap in our knowledge by (1) surveying the awareness of probation staff about ADHD and (2) screening the r...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition with a high societal burden. The present guidelines summarise current literature, generating expert consensus recommendations for the treatment of ADHD in children and adults. These guidelines also provide a review of recent research in the fields of neuroimaging, neuropsychology...

Background ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that persists into adulthood. Its symptoms cause impairments in a number of social domains, one of which is employment. We wish to produce a consensus statement on how ADHD affects employment. Methods This consensus development conference statement was developed as a result of a joint interna...

This book is a direct response to a severe treatment gap in recognising, treating and managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Affecting 3-4% of the global population, ADHD has long been considered a pediatric psychiatric condition and continues to be overlooked in adults, who often go on to endure a lifetime of clinicall...

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not restricted to children. Abundant evidence from follow-up studies accumulated since the 1970s supports the concept of ADHD in adulthood. Genetic research points to a heritability of 76%, and neuroimaging studies have reported structural and functional brain abnormalities in patients with ADH...

Obstetric complications have been associated with a number of mental disorders. In this study, we investigate how obstetric complications relate with clinically significant determinants of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as gender, age of diagnosis, psychiatric co morbidity, severity of symptomatology and general functio...

There is now a strong evidence base for the benefits of employment for people with both physical and mental health conditions and for disabled people [ 1]. Indeed, employment is recognized as having a central role in our society and in the lives of most people. For disabled people, employment also has a role in changing the way they are viewed in o...

We wanted to investigate how one element of the transitional process of adolescents to an adult ADHD service, namely the use of medication, fared when compared to the recommendations of national guidelines. We did a chart review of the dose of stimulants in a cohort of transitional patients after they were transferred to an adult ADHD service, whil...

Abstract Objectives. To evaluate correlations between symptom severity and daily functioning in adults with ADHD. Methods. In the 5-week, double-blind LAMDA study, 401 adults with ADHD were randomly assigned to Osmotic-Release Oral System (OROS) methylphenidate (MPH) 18, 36 or 72 mg/day, or placebo. The primary variable - investigator-rated Conners...

The UK Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN) was founded by a group of mental health specialists who have experience delivering clinical services for adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) within the National Health Service (NHS). UKAAN aims to support mental health professionals in the development of services for adults with ADHD by the...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has once again hit the headlines after a study suggested a genetic link to the disorder. Marios Adamou assesses the impact of these findings

It is quite rare that healthcare professionals know precisely what a health economics discussion should involve. My experience is that, frequently, assumptions on what health systems should provide differ from paper to paper and the methods of economic analysis vary. Furthermore, for some clinicians, even discussing health economics is seen as unet...

Despite a swell of evidence and firm clinical experience from child psychiatrists and paediatricians that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) does not miraculously abruptly disappear when adolescents enter adulthood, adults with ADHD in the UK still struggle to access even very basic care that is specific for their condition. Although g...

Philip Asherson and colleagues argue that the concept of ADHD in adults is valid but Joanna Moncrieff and Sami Timimi (doi:10.1136/bmj.c547) believe that it is supported by little more than aggressive marketing

Anticonvulsants are used in clinical practice for the treatment of PTSD. However, a systematic investigation of their effects in the treatment of PTSD is currently lacking from the literature. Our aim is to review and appraise the evidence for the use of the anticonvulsant valproate for the treatment of PTSD. We performed a systematic review and me...

Schizophrenia is a chronic relapsing and remitting mental illness with lifetime prevalence between 0.40 to 1.4 percent. Most people with schizophrenia are treated in psychiatric units of local general hospitals for short periods of time when acutely ill. With the worldwide trend toward closure of asylums and institutions in the 1950s, there has bee...

The British Government has committed itself to reform the NHS and made quality the primary target. The government uses TQM principles to improve the Quality of the NHS.TQM is an organisational approach to customer satisfaction. However, the implementation of TQM principles in the NHS has several weaknesses resulting in NHS staff having no knowledge...

A CLINICIAN'S KEY GOALS WHEN TREATING PSYCHOSIS ARE TO control disease symptoms and to ensure patient adherence to treatment. Efficacy as well as side-effect profile are, therefore, the major selection criteria when choosing an antipsychotic medication.

To describe a never previously reported case of erotomania induced by venlafaxine and highlight the effect of antidepressants on the dopaminergic system. A case of erotomania is described. Erotomania occurring in two separate occasions developed after treatment with high doses of venlafaxine. The episode remitted only after lowering the dose of the...

With the increase in terrorism in several parts of the world, more people are exposed to traumatic events that could cause psychiatric injury either to them or to members of their families. In Britain, terrorist attacks or other catastrophes are not unknown; indeed, the case law relating to psychiatric injury is vast. However, the intersection betw...

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the existence of a full moon and the presentation of patients seeking psychiatric assistance from an accident and emergency department. The main hypothesis is that more patients present with psychiatric problems at an accident and emergency department when the moon is full as opposed to...