Marion Trousselard

• Senior Researcher at Ministère de la Défense

In the era of space tourism, walking in the steps of Neil Armstrong has never been more real. Future space tourists will have to face the harshness of the environment, especially the travel, and adapt quickly for their own safety. This issue raises both the question of preparation and the impact of such a journey on novice populations who have not...

Background Military personnel are exposed to a high level of operational stress that degrades their psychophysiological and cognitive performance and could impact the mission. Commando training is a unique opportunity to assess psychological, physiological, and cognitive performance in an ecological setting. Methods Psychological, physiological, a...

Background A variety of cognitive biases are known to compromise ethical deliberation and decision-making processes. However, little is known about their role in clinical ethics supports (CES). Methods We searched five electronic databases (Pubmed, PsychINFO, the Web of Science, CINAHL, and Medline) to identify articles describing cognitive bias i...

Objectives To study the relationship between the occupational stress model, specifically the Job Demand-Control Model of Karasek, physical activity level and sedentary behavior. Method This is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 100 volunteers working at Clermont Auvergne Univer...

Introduction Sedentary behaviour is a public health problem. We mainly have sedentary behaviour at work, transforming them into occupational risk. To our knowledge, there is no intervention study on the reduction of occupational sedentary behaviour in a real work situation and its impact on health and biomarkers of stress. The main objective is to...

Background Emergency medical dispatchers (EMD) experience significant occupational stress. Medical dispatching includes call-taking, triage, dispatch, and providing callers gesture guidance to the victims. Every decision has a major impact on the patient’s outcome. Chronic exposure to stress and potentially traumatic situations, combined with night...

Mieux se connaître pour mieux se gérer, voilà l’objectif fondamental de la recherche sur le fonctionnement du cerveau humain. Cet article se propose de faire un point d’étape sur ce qu’elle peut apporter au monde militaire, comme, par exemple, l’appréhension des biais cognitifs, la gestion des émotions ou l’aptitude à la prise de risque, ce qui per...

24-h shift (24 hS) exposed emergency physicians to a higher stress level than 14-h night shift (14 hS), with an impact spreading on several days. Catecholamines are supposed to be chronic stress biomarker. However, no study has used catecholamines to assess short-term residual stress or measured them over multiple shifts. A shift-randomized trial w...

Background When faced with a surge of physically injured individuals, especially following a traumatic event like an attack, frontline practitioners prioritize early triage. Detecting potential psychological injuries soon after such events remains challenging. Some individuals might develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to DSM-V c...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health concern, with only a third of patients recovering within a year of treatment. While PTSD often disrupts the sense of body ownership and sense of agency (SA), attention to the SA in trauma has been lacking. This perspective paper explores the loss of the SA in PTSD and its relevance...

UNSTRUCTURED Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health concern, with only a third of patients recovering within a year of treatment. While PTSD often disrupts the sense of body ownership and sense of agency (SA), attention to the SA in trauma has been lacking. This perspective paper explores the loss of the SA in PTSD and...

Military personnel are repeatedly exposed to multiple stressors, and are sometimes characterized by high levels of anger. Evidence suggests that this anger can become dysfunctional, and impact the health status of populations chronically exposed to stress. In particular, rumination (understood as perseverative thoughts about a past event), provides...

Background First responders are among the first to respond to hazards casualties. They might operate in volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments. While they have underlined the need to improve their knowledge and training to face these environments, there are few data regarding the stress induced by these trainings. Chemical,...

Introduction Injuries induced by falls represent the main cause of failure in the French Navy Special Forces selection course. In the present study, we made the assumption that probing the posture might contribute to predicting the risk of fall-related injury at the individual level. Methods Before the start of the selection course, the postural s...

Introduction Long-duration space missions will be a real challenge for maintaining astronauts' adaptability. Research on transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is expanding rapidly, and its modalities constitute a major research challenge. A growing number of reviews stress the need to validate biomarkers for monitoring effects to enhance o...

Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) has emerged as a promising posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment by enabling controlled exposure to traumatic cues. However, VRET interfaces decouple users from their physical surroundings, effectively dissociating them from their body and social environment. We review the benefits and disadvantages...

Dispositional mindfulness, the individuals’ tendency to be non-judgmentally aware of moment-by-moment experiences in daily lives, allows people to accept their internal experiences whatever the emotions or thoughts arising. The current research studied whether greater levels of acceptance reduced perceived stress and could be extended to job satisf...

Background: Burnout among emergency health care professionals is well-described, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prevention interventions, such as mindfulness, focus on the management of stress. Objective: To evaluate the effects of the FIRECARE program (a mindfulness intervention, supplemented by heart coherence training and positive p...

Introduction Insomnia is highly prevalent in the general population, and is commonly associated with somatic and psychiatric comorbidities. However, its origins remain poorly-understood. Recently, adverse childhood events (ACE), including traumatic experiences, have been found to be significantly associated with both insomnia and Post-Traumatic Str...

Introduction: Following a mass casualty event, such as the Paris terrorist attacks of 13 November 2015, first responders need to identify individuals at risk of PTSD. Physical peritraumatic symptoms involving the autonomic nervous system may be useful in this task.Objective: We sought to determine the trajectory of physical response intensity in in...

La psychologie positive est une approche scientifique qui vise le fonctionnement optimal des personnes et des groupes. Une application au profit des forces armées s’inscrit dans le modèle Job Demands-Resources qui pose le rôle majeur des ressources, personnelles et collectives dans la gestion du stress et la prévention de l’épuisement professionnel...

Introduction Depending on the individual, exposure to an intense stressor may, or may not, lead to a stress-induced pathology. Predicting the physiopathological evolution in an individual is therefore an important challenge, at least for prevention. In this context, we developed an ethological model of simulated predator exposure in rats: we call t...

The concept of agency, or an individual's sense of control over their actions and external events, is important in the context of peritraumatic dissociation, and its cardinal importance in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article provides a roadmap for the development of agency-based therapies in the future, along with offering an "enact...

Stress can push individuals close to the threshold to depression. An individual's intrinsic vulnerability before a stressful event determines how close they come to the threshold of depression. Identification of vulnerability biomarkers at early (before the stressful event) and late (close to the threshold after the stressful event) stages would al...

BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can manifest after a traumatic event, in which the individual perceives a threat to his or her life, or that of others. Its estimated prevalence in the European population is 0.7–1.9%. According to the ‘dose-response’ model, individuals who are most exposed to traumatic...

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can manifest after a traumatic event where the individual perceives a threat to his or her life or that of others. Its estimated prevalence in the European population is 0.7% to 1.9%. According to the “dose-response” model, individuals who are most exposed to traumatic e...

Long-term space missions require a good understanding of human adaptation to hostile environments in space. Some professional environments have space constraints that are isolating, confined, extreme, or unusual constraints. They can serve as space analogs for studying challenge adaptation as their environmental constraints disrupt the balance betw...

Mindfulness characterizes the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding experience moment by moment (Kabat-Zinn, Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in every day life. New York: Hyperion, 1994). Mindfulness, as a disposition or state developed through m...

NASA is planning human exploration of the Moon, while preparations are underway for human missions to Mars, and deeper into the solar system. These missions will expose space travelers to unusual conditions, which they will have to adapt to. Similar conditions are found in several analogous environments on Earth, and studies can provide an initial...

Background Science is beginning to establish the benefits of the use of virtual reality (VR) in health care. This therapeutic approach may be an appropriate complementary treatment for some mental illnesses. It could prevent high levels of morbidity and improve the physical health of patients. For many years, the literature has shown the health ben...

Background Emergency healthcare workers (eHCWs) are particularly at risk of stress, but data using the gold standard questionnaire of Karasek are scarce. We assessed the level of stress of eHCWs and aimed to compare it with the general population. Methods This is a cross-sectional nationwide study in French Emergency Departments (EDs), using the j...

Background: While professionals working in chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) environments have underlined the need to improve the psychological and operational safety of personnel, there are few data regarding the stress induced in responders who must wear CBRN equipment. These conditions are particularly restrictive, both due...

Background Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling disease that currently has no fully effective therapeutic solution. Complementary approaches, such as relaxation, sport, or meditation, could be therapeutic aids for symptom reduction. Scuba diving combines sport and mindfulness training and has been found to have a positiv...

While there is abundant literature on the benefits of Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI), data about factors associated with their Efficiency are scarce. Our study attempts to determine the moderators of efficacy and adherence in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) with a machine learning analysis. Seventy-six psychiatric outpatients at “...

Extreme and unusual, and isolated and confined environments (EUE/ICE) are characterized by unique sensory stimulation. They are known to adversely affect human psychology and physiology, and threaten the outcome of spatial, polar, or submarine missions. This exploratory study evaluates the negative impact of a submarine patrol on the psychological...

Despite the available literature on the consequences of night shiftwork on stress and food intake, its impact on leptin and ghrelin has never been studied. We previously demonstrated that leptin and ghrelin were biomarkers related to stress, and acute stress-induced a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in ghrelin levels. We performed a prosp...

Interoception—the perception of internal bodily signals—has recently emerged as an area of significant interest due to its potential implications in emotion and the prevalence of dysfunctional interoceptive processes across psychopathological conditions. Despite the importance of interoception in cognitive neuroscience and psychiatry, its experimen...

Enhanced body awareness has been suggested as one of the cognitive mechanisms that characterize mindfulness. Yet neuroscience literature still lacks strong empirical evidence to support this claim. Body awareness contributes to postural control during quiet standing; in particular, it may be argued that body awareness is more strongly engaged when...

Background. Exertional heatstroke (EHS) is the most serious condition in the spectrum of heat illnesses that can occur during sport competition or physical effort under environmental stress. Despite substantial progress in understanding the pathophysiology of EHS, evidence appears to be insufficient for confining its description to a purely physiol...

Body awareness refers to the individual ability to process signals originating from within the body, which provide a mapping of the body’s internal landscape (interoception) and its relation with space and movement (proprioception). The present study aims to evaluate psychometric properties and validate in French two self-report measures of body aw...

Background We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of lifestyle intervention on telomere length (TL). Method Four databases were searched for studies reporting TL in leukocytes, before and after a lifestyle intervention. We computed random-effects meta-analysis on TL within intervention and control group after vers...

The fine-tuned interplay of brain and body underlies human ability to cope with changes in the internal and external milieus. Previous research showed that cardiac interoceptive changes (e.g., cardiac phase) affect cognitive functions, notably inhibition that is a key element for adaptive behaviour. Here we investigated the influence on cognition o...

Despite the consequences of night-shift work, the diet of night-shift workers has not been widely studied. To date, there are no studies related to food intake among emergency healthcare workers (HCWs). We performed a prospective observational study to assess the influence of night work on the diet of emergency HCWs. We monitored 24-h food intake d...

(1) Background: the prevalence of postnatal depression (PND) reaches up to 20%. PND could be based on the interaction between a psychological vulnerability and chronic stress that pregnancy would activate. Vulnerability factors reflect a psychological profile mirroring mindfulness-trait (MT). A high level of MT is associated with an efficient regul...

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) is a structured interview that assesses the frequency and severity of each symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in relation to a single traumatic stressor over a 1-month period, allowing the trained interviewer to infer a current or lifetime diagnosis congruent with the 5th Edition...

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness that is very prevalent in both civilian and military environments. The clinical course, regardless of management, is chronic for a number of patients, especially veterans. Persistent PTSD symptoms interact with representations of the person and their body, and may negatively...

Les neurosciences ambitionnent d’appréhender les mécanismes sous-tendant les comportements humains en situation et leur transformation. Elles s’attachent à comprendre les conditions de la neuroplasticité qui permettent une adaptation positive via les comportements prosociaux. Elles posent l’importance de la sécurité perçue et de ses corrélats neuro...

(1) Background: While a number of studies among military personnel focus on specific pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression, they do not address the cumulative impact on mental health of stressors related to the profession. The present study aims to determine the relationship between allostatic load and m...

Background: The management of the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is all the more difficult when subjects suffer from a prior psychiatric illness. BV13 is a 54-month prospective longitudinal cohort study of 111 subjects who were present in the Bataclan concert hall during the November 2015 terrorist attack in Paris. Objectives:...

Background: Napping in the workplace is under debate, with interesting results on work efficiency and well-being of workers. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the benefits of a short daytime nap on cognitive performance. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and PsycInfo databases were searched until 19 A...

The influence of facial emotions on gaze patterns when exploring faces is still debated. Previous research reported that the relative proportion of fixations on the different face areas is (Eisenbarth & Alpers, 2011; Schurgin et al., 2014) or is not (Blais et al., 2017, de Boer et al., 2020) modulated by the expression processed. While most previou...

Background: Leptin is a satiety hormone mainly produced by white adipose tissue. Decreasing levels have been described following acute stress. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if leptin can be a biomarker of stress, with levels decreasing following acute stress. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase,...

Military personnel are particularly exposed to stressful events, and overexposure to stress is both physically and mentally unhealthy. While stress management programs, such as the Tactics of Optimized Potential (TOP) and Heart Coherence (HC) have been implemented, their efficiency remains to be evaluated. The objective of this randomized control t...

Objective Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic, disabling condition. Our main objective is to investigate the association between trait mindfulness and PTSD over a period of 54 months. The secondary objective is to provide an exhaustive description of PTSD trajectories after the Bataclan attack. Methods We designed a prospective coho...

Isolated, and confined environments (ICE) present several challenges which may adversely affect human’s psychology and physiology. Submariners in Sub-Surface Ballistic Nuclear (SSBN) mission exposed to these environmental constraints must be able to perform complex tasks as part of their normal duties, as well as during crisis periods when emergenc...

Introduction: The French Strategic Submarine with Ballistic Nuclear missiles (SSBN) is a peculiar professional environment exposing its staff to an isolated and confined technological surrounding during patrols (i.e., longer than two months). This environment is well-known for inducing deterioration of submariners’ mood and cognition. The fine-tune...

Introduction: A nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) is a singular professional environment, exposing personnel to isolation and confinement amidst sophisticated technology for the duration of a mission. Submariners see their mood and cognition deteriorate as their mission progresses. With regard to the benefits of physical activity (...

Objectives The subsurface ballistic missile nuclear submarine (SSBN) is an extreme professional environment in which personnel are both isolated and confined during patrols, which can last longer than 2 months. This environment is known to degrade submariners’ mood and cognition. Methods This exploratory, empirical study followed a cohort of 24 vo...

La méditation renvoie à un ensemble de techniques qui développent la mindfulness (ou pleine conscience). La mindfulness se définit comme une « focalisation de l’attention sur l’expérience du moment présent dans une attitude de non-jugement ». Le fonctionnement mindfulness se traduit par une plus grande acceptation de la réalité, instant après insta...

The enhancement of body awareness is proposed as one of the cognitive mechanisms that characterize mindfulness. To date, this hypothesis is supported by self-report and behavioral measures but still lacks physiological evidence. The current study investigated relation between trait mindfulness (i.e., individual differences in the ability to be mind...

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is still unclear whether symptoms remission through EMDR therapy is associated with a beneficial effect on one of the PTSD symptoms, sleep disturbance. Our objective was therefore to study sleep parameters before and...

Background: Stress is a significant public health concern that can be self-evaluated using the job control demands model from Karasek. Emergency health care workers are particularly exposed to stress because of the intrinsic characteristics associated with the job (i.e., life-threatening emergencies, overcrowding, lack of bed spaces). However, the...

Introduction One of the main avoidable causes of combat-related injury death is extremity hemorrhage. Even with regular training, failure to properly apply a tourniquet is common. In this study, we sought to assess if rescuer’s stress and personality traits, along with victim’s state of consciousness, had a role to explain tourniquet application fa...

Introduction: Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone which favors food-seeking behavior and has been postulated to be a biomarker of stress. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the evolution of ghrelin levels following acute stress. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for studies r...

Manjaly and Iglesias (2020) introduce a neurocomputational model of mechanisms through which Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy may work, based on a Bayesian perspective. They claim that mindfulness increases the precision of likelihood, but decreases the precision of prior. In this commentary, we argue that these two mechanisms conflict when desc...

Introduction Over the past two decades, overseas deployments of the French Army have been characterized by the exposure of its service personnel to sustained, high levels of combat stress. There is a need to assess their mental health throughout the deployment cycle, identify risk factors associated with stress-related disorders, and characterize t...

The fine-tuned interplay between the brain and the body underlies the adaptive ability to respond appropriately in the changing environment. Mindfulness Disposition (MD) has been associated with efficient emotional functioning because of a better ability to feel engaged by information from the body and to notice subtle changes. This interoceptive a...

Background The psychophysiological changes for individual suffering from chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) raise to the questions of how facilitate recovery and return to work. Negative alterations in neuro-cognition remain a complaint for patients and participate to long-term functional impairments. Neurological soft signs (NSSs) appea...

Introduction Nous avons cherché à réaliser une revue systématisée de la littérature et une méta-analyse sur le risque de suicide chez les professionnels de santé. Méthode Les recherches ont été effectuées dans les bases de données PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct et Embase jusqu’en avril 2019 avec les mots-clés suivants: suicide* AND (« he...

Objectifs Évaluer les anomalies résiduelles de la microcirculation à long terme, par capillaroscopie, 15 ans après avoir pris la retraite chez des anciens salariés ayant été exposé professionnellement au chlorure de vinyle monomère (CVM). Méthode Étude transversale réalisée parmi une cohorte de 761 (97 % d’hommes) retraités exposés à des produits...

Contexte La littérature sur le stress infirmier fait état d’une culture d’acceptation des facteurs de stress au travail, ironiquement liée au contrôle des situations de travail pour gérer efficacement le stress. L’un des principaux modèles de perception du stress au travail est le modèle Karasek ou modèle Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS). Cependan...

Abstract : COVID-19 infection results in an unrestrained inflammatory reaction in serious cases. The autonomic nervous system (ANS), in particular the parasympathetic branch, helps to regulate the inflammatory response. A dysfunction of this branch, frequent in people at risk of developing COVID-19, favours a pro-inflammatory effect. Reinforcing an...

Editor—Acute stress has been shown to decrease performance of cognitive tasks. Health professionals are often required to make cognitive decisions during stressful situations. Residents trained in stress management strategies (tactics to optimise potential [TOP]) show improved performance when coping with critical situations during high-fidelity si...

Background: High-fidelity simulation improves participant learning through immersive participation in a stressful situation. Stress management training might help participants to improve performance. The hypothesis of this work was that Tactics to Optimize the Potential, a stress management program, could improve resident performance during simulat...

Neuroimaging, behavioral and self-report evidence suggests that there are four main cognitive mechanisms that support mindfulness: 1) self-regulation of attention, 2) improved body awareness, 3) improved emotion regulation, and 4) change in perspective on the self. The current paper discusses these mechanisms, based on studies of Event Related Pote...

Background Medical-related professions are at high suicide risk. However, data are contradictory and comparisons were not made between gender, occupation and specialties, epochs of times. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on suicide risk among health-care workers. Method The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Embas...

Background Le TSPT est un trouble de l’adaptation pouvant faire suite à la confrontation à un évènement violent, dont la prévalence dans la population générale est loin d’être négligeable [1]. L’évolution clinique quelle que soit la technique de soins, montre que le non-retour ad integrum est la règle : plus de 20 % des patients résistent à toute p...

Background: Recent studies suggest that Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) might be associated with dysfunctional reward circuitry. However, further research is needed to understand the key role of the reward system in PTSD symptomatology. Methods: Twenty participants with PTSD and 21 Trauma-Exposed matched Controls (TECs) completed the Monetary...