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Publications (111)
In this study, an effect that we will call entanglement closed loop (ECL) and that results from the implementation of entangled states through quantum Fourier transform (QFT) blocks, is presented. The dual-channel Bell test can be implemented using two linear polarizers (LP) or two half-wave plates (HWP). ECL allows us to verify that the arbitrary...
MATLAB and Quirk code of the paper "Explaining the results of quantum mechanics via entanglement closed loop".
In this study, a novel technique for the quantum splitting of multi-qubit gates is presented. This brings innumerable advantages for the analysis of quantum circuits, the design of simulators, and back-ends, which are fundamentally needed in quantum computing development environments. This technique can be applied to any gate that involves two or m...
In this study, a simplified version of the entanglement-swapping protocol, commonly used in the deployment of quantum networks, is presented. Quantum repeaters are essential in extending the range of quantum networks, especially when they are implemented through the laying of optical fiber. The simplified version of the entanglement-swapping protoc...
Quantum Fourier gates (QFG) constitute a complete family of quantum gates that result from an exact combination of the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) and the SWAP gate. Therefore, the Feynman Gate constitutes the simplest example of this family, while the Bell states are the simplest cases of entangled states derived from the family. Moreover, thi...
In this study, we present a simplified version of the quantum teleportation protocol for n-qubits and a generalized version of the superdense coding protocol for n-bits, in both cases, thanks to the cascade splitting technique. Both protocols will be analyzed on three notably different platforms: Quirk simulator, IBM QASM simulator of the IBM Q Exp...
A protocol for the quantum stretching of an arbitrary state among three nonlocal qubits is proposed in this paper. When this protocol is used for making a quantum stretching of a computational basis state (CBS), automatically the same CBS is shared for the three qubits, and this fact can be interpreted as a nonlocal post-processing procedure to tra...
In this study, a technique based on the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) that allows the generation of disjoint sets of entangled particles is presented, in such a way that particles of the same set are entangled with each other, while particles of different sets are completely independent. Several applications of this technique are implemented on t...
In this study, a theorem about the vectorization of the entangled-photons trajectories is presented, and through it, an effect equivalent to the unification of the individual localities of the entangled particles is evidenced, which will be confirmed in two scenarios: a theoretical demonstration, and four simple experiments carried out on an optica...
In this study, we present a simplified version of the quantum teleportation protocol for n -qubits and a generalized version of the superdense coding protocol for n -bits; in both cases, thanks to the cascade splitting technique. Both protocols will be analyzed on three notably different platforms: Quirk simulator, IBM QASM simulator of the IBM Q E...
In this study, a new version of the quantum teleportation protocol is presented, which does not require a Bell state measurement (BSM) module on the sender side (Alice), a unitary transform to reconstruct the teleported state on the receiver side (Bob), neither a disambiguation process through two classic bits that travel through a classic disambig...
IBM Q (QASM & Lima) and Quirk code of entanglement swapping and Fourier expanders for quantum repeaters.
A dataset in MATLAB-code with the quantum splitting of gates and states.
During the last 30 years the scientific community has coexisted with the most fascinating protocol due to Quantum Physics: quantum teleportation, which would have been impossible if quantum entanglement, so questioned by Einstein, did not exist. In this work, a complete architecture for the teleportation of Computational Basis States (CBS) is prese...
This work presents a new form of entanglement known as rough entanglement. It is based on the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) and is an alternative to those used in quantum information processing for generating maximally and nonmaximally entangled states. The roughly entangled pairs are used in the quantum teleportation protocol, where, the perform...
In this study, we present a technique based on the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) that allows the generation of disjoint sets of entangled particles, in such a way that particles of the same set are entangled with each other, while particles of different sets are completely independent. Several applications of this technique are implemented on thr...
In the last decades, Quantum Cryptography has become one of the most important branches of Quantum Communications with a particular projection over the future Quantum Internet. It is precisely in Quantum Cryptography where two techniques stand out above all others: Quantum key Distribution (QKD), and Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC). The...
Quirk code of the paper "Entanglement parallelization via quantum Fourier transform".
Code on the simulator and 5-qubits Lima quantum processor of the IBM Q Experience platform.
1. Code of Quirk simulator
2. Outcomes of the optical table
Quantum Fourier gates (QFG) constitute a family of quantum gates that result from an exact combination of the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) and the SWAP gate. As a direct consequence of this, the Feynman gate is a particular case of that family, just as the Bell states are particular cases of the states that are also derived from the aforemention...
Quantum key distribution (QKD) constitutes the most widespread family of information preservation techniques in the context of Quantum Cryptography. However, these techniques must deal with a series of technological challenges that prevent their efficient implementation, in space, as well as, in exclusively terrestrial configurations. Moreover, the...
IBM Q Experience and Quirk code of the paper: Quantum Fourier states and gates: Teleportation via rough entanglement.
Entanglement is a random phenomenon that is instantly synchronized, regardless of the
space that mediates between entangled particles. However, the instantaneous transmission of information using entanglement is impossible. This is because the instantaneity in the synchronization of non-local outcomes as a consequence of quantum measurement (after...
In this study, the bridge between quantum fourier transform (QFT) and the most important effect inside quantum physics—entanglement—is presented. Moreover, all the applications of entanglement are impregnated by this equivalence, which concludes in the first spectral approach to the quantum Internet of the literature, which will allow the developme...
IBM Q (qasm) and Quirk code of the paper "Fourier behind entanglement: A spectral approach to the quantum Internet". Annalen der Physik, Wiley-VCH.
This study demonstrates entanglement can be exclusively constituted by quantum Fourier transform (QFT) blocks. A bridge between entanglement and QFT will allow incorporating a spectral analysis to the already traditional temporal approach of entanglement, which will result in the development of new more performant, and fault-tolerant protocols to b...
In this paper, five techniques of representing a digital image inside a quantum processor are compared. The techniques are: flexible representation of quantum images (FRQI), novel enhanced quantum representation (NEQR), generalized quantum image representation (GQIR), multi-channel representation for quantum images (MCQI), and quantum Boolean image...
Entanglement is a random phenomenon that is instantly synchronized, regardless of the space that mediates between entangled particles. However, the instantaneous transmission of information using entanglement is impossible. This is because the instantaneity in the synchronization of non-local outcomes as a consequence of quantum measurement (after...
This study demonstrates entanglement can be exclusively constituted by quantum Fourier transform (QFT) blocks. A bridge between entanglement and QFT will allow incorporating a spectral analysis to the already traditional temporal approach of entanglement, which will result in the development of new more performant, and fault-tolerant protocols to b...
We demonstrate that quantum information processing (QIP) completely rests on quantum Fourier transform (QFT), and 190 years after his death, the work of Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier is more present than ever in one of the most important pillars of physics: QIP. Specifically, this study shows the impact of QFT on the main tool of quantum communicati...
This paper presents a protocol for a relay configuration of one quantum CubeSat and two quantum drones positioned at distant places over the Earth, where: (a) an entangled pair is generated and distributed by the CubeSat between both drones located over the clouds, (b) each drone descends through the clouds with its respective entangled photon, and...
Abstract This study establishes, for the first time in literature, that quantum entanglement, as well as the most important protocol derived from it, that is, quantum teleportation, completely rest on the Quantum Fourier Transform. This highlights the spectral nature of both protocols with important consequences on quantum computing, quantum commun...
In this work, we evaluate the performance of a bidirectional teleportation protocol on an IBM Q Experience quantum processor of six or more qubits. Moreover, we analyze the viability in the implementation of the mentioned protocol in a configuration composed by two submerged nuclear submarines on opposite sides of the ocean and a satellite that gen...
In the last decades, Quantum Cryptography has become one of the most important branches of Quantum Communications with a particular projection over the future Quantum Internet. It is precisely in Quantum Cryptography where two techniques stand out above all others: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), and Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC). The...
This work presents a satellite alternative to quantum repeaters based on the terrestrial laid of optical fiber, where the latter have the following disadvantages: a propagation speed (v) equal to 2/3 of the speed of light (c), losses and an attenuation in the material that requires the installation of a repeater every 50 km, while satellite repeate...
There are two big groups of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols: by polarized photons or by entangled photons. In both cases, the problem is the key redistribution, since such redistribution can be hindered by the cut of an optical fiber, climatic problems as in the case of a satellite link, or problems in the generation of the key itself due...
We demonstrate that quantum information processing (QIP) completely rests on quantum Fourier transform (QFT), and 190 years after his death, the work of Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier is more present than ever in Physics, constituting the heart of QIP, and showing the spectral nature of quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, and quantum secret...
We demonstrate that quantum information processing (QIP) completely rests on quantum Fourier transform (QFT), in fact, QFT can be understood as the genetic information unit, and at the same time, the genetic code itself of QIP.
In this paper, five techniques, for the representation of a digital image inside a quantum processor, are compared. The techniques are: flexible representation of quantum images (FRQI), novel enhanced quantum representation (NEQR), generalized quantum image representation (GQIR), multi-channel representation for quantum images (MCQI), and quantum B...
Code on Quirk and IBM Q Experience about experiments present in the paper.
Qasm code of IBM Q Experience
In this work, we evaluate the performance of a bidirectional teleportation protocol on an IBM-Q's quantum processor of six or more qubits. If the experiment is successful, we will implement this protocol between two submerged nuclear submarines on opposite sides of the ocean thanks to a satellite that generates and distributes entangled pairs, as w...
This work presents a satellite alternative to quantum repeaters based on the terrestrial laid of optical fiber, where the latter have the following disadvantages: a propagation speed (v) equal to 2/3 of the speed of light (c), losses and an attenuation in the material that requires the installation of a repeater every 50 km, while satellite repeate...
This work demonstrates the practical infeasibility in the implementation of the techniques known as flexible representation of quantum images (and its variants) and novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images (and its variants). Besides, the implementation of the technique known as quantum Boolean image processing has proven to be extre...
In this paper, three techniques of internal image-representation in a quantum computer are compared: Flexible Representation of Quantum Images (FRQI), Novel Enhanced Quantum Representation of digital images (NEQR), and Quantum Boolean Image Processing (QBIP). All conspicuous technical items are considered in this comparison for complete analysis: i...
Code in IBM Q (qasm) and Quirk of the paper: Non-ambiguity quantum teleportation protocol
Code of the paper: Quantum Image Processing: the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth about its problems on internal image-representation and outcomes recovering
Code of the paper: Is instantaneous quantum teleportation prossible?
Teleportation is the most important and impactful tool in the arsenal of quantum communications with a particular projection on quantum internet. We propose a non-ambiguity alternative to the original teleportation protocol, which completely eliminates the classical-disambiguation-channel used by the original version. Experimental evidence on a qua...
Instantaneous teleportation-the transmission and reconstruction over arbitrary distances of an unknown state without any type of disambiguation based on classical bits-is demonstrated, supporting the fact that instantaneous information transfer via an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channel is definitely possible. In other words, quantum correlations can b...
Data accessibility of paper QINP-D-19-00212
Mario Mastriani. Quantum image processing: the pros and cons of the techniques for the internal representation of the image. A reply to: A comment on “Quantum image processing?”. Quantum Information Processing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-020-02653-1
Instantaneous teleportation-the transmission and reconstruction over arbitrary distances of an unknown state without any type of disambiguation based on classical bits-is demonstrated, supporting the fact that instantaneous information transfer via an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channel is definitely possible. In other words, quantum correlations can b...
Quantum internet code in:
- Quirk
- IBM Q
- Rigetti
- Quantum Programming Studio
In this draft, we present a new technique of quantum key distribution, where the first time the initial key is teleported, and after that, the entanglement is held in a fictitious way. In the transmitter, the new key is built with the previous key and the plaintext and with the new key and the plaintext we obtain the ciphertext. On the receiver sid...
During the last 25 years the scientific community has coexisted with the most fascinating 9 protocol due to Quantum Physics: quantum teleportation (QTele), which would have been 10 impossible if quantum entanglement, so questioned by Einstein, did not exist. In this work, a 11 complete architecture for the teleportation of Computational Basis State...
During the last century, entanglement was the bone of contention between the two main pillars of Physics: General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Mechanics (QM). This began in 1935 with the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox (EPR paradox) which concluded that although Quantum Mechanics is not wrong, it is an incomplete theory to represent physical reality...
New quantum teleportation protocol without desambiguation via classical bits.
During the last century, entanglement was the bone of contention between the two main pillars of Physics: General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Mechanics (QM). This began in 1935 with the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox (EPR paradox) which concluded that although Quantum Mechanics is not wrong, it is an incomplete theory to represent physical reality...
A simplified version of the quantum teleportation protocol is presented in here. Its experimental confirmation will have deep implications for a better understanding of Quantum Entanglement with a particular projection on Quantum Communications.
We describe a novel method for removing noise (in wavelet domain) of unknown variance from microarrays. The method is based on a smoothing of the coefficients of the highest subbands. Specifically, we decompose the noisy microarray into wavelet subbands, apply smoothing within each highest subband, and reconstruct a microarray from the modified wav...
A quantum time-dependent spectrum analysis, or simply, quantum spectral analysis (QSA) is presented in this work, and it’s based on Schrödinger’s equation. In the classical world, it is named frequency in time (FIT), which is used here as a complement of the traditional frequency-dependent spectral analysis based on Fourier theory. Besides, FIT is...
In this paper we present a collection of pre and post compression complement to the traditional compression configurations used in images and video, i.e., Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) for images, and Advanced Video Coding (AVC, or MPEG-4, or H.264), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC, or H.265) and VP9 for video, based on the concept of...
A quantum time-dependent spectrum analysis, or simply, quantum spectral analysis (QSA) is
presented in this work, and it’s based on Schrödinger equation. In classic world is named frequency at time
(FAT), which is used here as a complement of traditional spectral analysis frequency-dependent based on
Fourier theory. Besides, FAT is a metric, which...
In this paper we present a new procedure for the teleportation of a quantum states
time sequence, which is based on a technique known as quantum spectral analysis: frequency
at time (QSA: FAT). Said procedure consists in the transmission of the first quantum state by
means of a standard teleportation, followed by the transmission of the spectral co...
Quantum entanglement is the most strange effect of the Quantum Physics, and by the way the most promising (i.e., useful) for its projection on Quantum Information Processing (in general) and Quantum Computing and Communications (in particular). With this motivation, the objective of this work is to demonstrate that the quantum entanglement is a loc...
A quantum time-dependent spectrum analysis, or simply, quantum spectral analysis (QuSA) is presented in this work, and it's based on Schrödinger equation, which is a partial differential equation that describes how the quantum state of a non-relativistic physical system changes with time. In classic world is named frequency at time (FAT), which is...
This paper presents a number of problems concerning the practical (real) implementation of the techniques known as Quantum Image Processing. The most serious problem is the recovery of the outcomes after the quantum measurement, which will be demonstrated in this work that is equivalent to a noise measurement, and it is not considered in the litera...
In this work, we present a new No-Go theorem, which will be a fundamental tool for a better understanding of the limits of Quantum Communications. Besides, this theorem will complete a toolbox of No-Go Theorem with applications beyond that mentioned, i.e, Quantum Information Processing (in general) and Quantum Computing (in particular). Besides, we...
A quantum time-dependent spectrum analysis, or simply, quantum spectral analysis (QuSA) is presented in this work, and it’s based on Schrödinger equation, which is a partial differential equation that describes how the quantum state of a non-relativistic physical system changes with time. In classic world is named frequency at time (FAT), which is...
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are subject to prominent speckle noise, which is generally considered a purely multiplicative noise process. In theory, this multiplicative noise is that the ratio of the standard deviation to the signal value, the "coefficient of variation," is theoretically constant at every point in a SAR image. Most of the...
In this paper, a new probability density function (pdf) is proposed to model the statistics of wavelet coefficients, and a simple Kalman's filter is derived from the new pdf using Bayesian estimation theory. Specifically, we decompose the speckled image into wavelet subbands, we apply the Kalman's filter to the high subbands, and reconstruct a desp...
The wavelet shrinkage denoising approach is able to maintain local regularity of a signal while suppressing noise. However, the conventional wavelet shrinkage based methods are not time-scale adaptive to track the local time-scale variation. In this paper, a new type of Neural Shrinkage (NS) is presented with a new class of shrinkage architecture f...
The application of wavelet transforms to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery has improved despeckling performance. To deduce the problem of filtering the multiplicative noise to the case of an additive noise, the wavelet decomposition is performed on the logarithm of the image gray levels. The detail coefficients produced by the bidimensional di...
This paper describes a novel projection algorithm, the Projection Onto Span Algorithm (POSA) for wavelet-based superresolution and removing speckle (in wavelet domain) of unknown variance from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Although the POSA is good as a new superresolution algorithm for image enhancement, image metrology and biometric iden...
This work deals with unsupervised image deblurring. We present a new deblurring procedure on images provided by low-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) or simply by multimedia in presence of multiplicative (speckle) or additive noise, respectively. The method we propose is defined as a two-step process. First, we use an original technique for...
The Gram-Schmidt Process (GSP) is used to convert a non-orthogonal basis (a set of linearly independent vectors, matrices, etc) into an orthonormal basis (a set of orthogonal, unit-length vectors, bi or tri dimensional matrices). The process consists of taking each array and then subtracting the projections in common with the previous arrays. This...
We describe a novel method for removing speckle (in wavelet domain) of unknown variance from SAR images. The me-thod is based on the following procedure: We apply 1) Bidimentional Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT-2D) to the speckled image, 2) scaling and rounding to the coefficients of the highest subbands (to obtain integer and positive coefficient...
This paper introduces a Quantum Correlation Matrix Memory (QCMM) and Enhanced QCMM (EQCMM), which are useful to work with quantum memories. A version of classical Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation process in Dirac notation (called Quantum Orthogonalisation Process: QOP) is presented to convert a non-orthonormal quantum basis, i.e., a set of non-orthon...
This paper introduces an Enhanced Boolean version of the Correlation Matrix Memory (CMM), which is useful to work with binary memories. A novel Boolean Orthonormalization Process (BOP) is presented to convert a non-orthonormal Boolean basis, i.e., a set of non-orthonormal binary vectors (in a Boolean sense) to an orthonormal Boolean basis, i.e., a...
We present a 3D zigzag rafter (first in literature) which allows us to obtain the exact sequence of spectral components after application of Discrete Cosine Transform 3D (DCT-2D) over a cube. Such cube represents part of a video or eventually a group of images such as multislicing (e.g., Magnetic Resonance or Computed Tomography imaging) and multi...
An optimal estimator of quantum states based on a modified Kalman's Filter is
proposed in this work. Such estimator acts after state measurement, allowing
obtain an optimal estimation of quantum state resulting in the output of any
quantum algorithm. This method is much more accurate than other types of
quantum measurements, such as, weak measureme...
A quantum edge detector for image segmentation in optical environments is
presented in this work. A Boolean version of the same detector is presented
too. The quantum version of the new edge detector works with computational
basis states, exclusively. This way, we can easily avoid the problem of quantum
measurement retrieving the result of applying...
A quantum Boolean image processing methodology is presented in this work,
with special emphasis in image denoising. A new approach for internal image
representation is outlined together with two new interfaces:
classical-to-quantum and quantum-to-classical. The new quantum-Boolean image
denoising called quantum Boolean mean filter (QBMF) works with...