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Introduction
Publications
Publications (194)
La recrudescenza degli attacchi di E. lanigerum
e le restrizioni nella disponibilità di insetticidi
(uscita dal mercato di spirotetramat e incertezze
sul futuro di pirimicarb) impongono una ridefinizione
delle strategie aficide del melo che devono partire
dalla corretta gestione agronomica e devono
ottimizzare i prodotti disponibili in termini
di t...
Il monitoraggio ha evidenziato come in Piemonte
e Trentino la migrazione inizi verso fine aprile
con picco in prossimità di maggio-inizio giugno.
Questi dati risultano utili per modulare al meglio
le strategie di difesa che devono interferire
in maniera ridotta con il protagonista
del controllo naturale Aphelinus mali
For some years it can be observed a general worsening of the woolly apple aphid presence both in integrated and organic orchards. Possible reasons are related to the reduction in the use of broad-spectrum insecticides, to negative side effects of some substances on natural enemies, but also to an increase in the survival of overwintered populations...
Three field trials were performed in 2021-23 to verify the field control activity of Oikos® (a.i. azadirachtin) against the woolly apple aphid (WAA). Reference agrochemicals included the aa.ii. acetamiprid and spirotetramat. The applications of azadirachtin were timed post-flowering of apple. A second aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy o...
The trials were conducted in 2022 and 2023 in a greenhouse on potted vine plants, with various insecticides commonly used in IPM and organic management. The evaluation vs Scaphoideus titanus took place by inserting the insects into mesh sleeves applied to treated vine plants. 5 insects (young or adult stages) were inserted into each sleeve at three...
![Odds Ratio statistical test, OR value [min and max] and p value only...](profile/Sara-Zanoni/publication/385096990/figure/tbl3/AS:11431281284932537@1729513710393/Odds-Ratio-statistical-test-OR-value-min-and-max-and-p-value-only-for-the-thesis-with_Q320.jpg)
Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) is the most important biological control agent of woolly apple aphid (WAA) Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), a serious pest of apples. The amount of products used in apple orchards could compromise the effectiveness of A. mali on its biological control. The rate of parasitism reaches high levels (80-90%) in late summer when p...
In the last few years, one of the most worrying pests for apple production in the Southern Alps is woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann. It causes hypertrophy and tissue ruptures in roots and shoots of apple trees. This can reduce sap flow, vigour, tree productivity and fruit quality. Since the challenge facing agriculture in the c...
NELL’ULTIMO BIENNIO sono state effettuate
prove di pieno campo per valutare l’efficacia di pirimicarb
verso afide lanigero del melo (Eriosoma lanigerum),
con diversi momenti di applicazione e
numero di interventi misurando al contempo profilo residuale e
selettività verso Aphelinus mali.
Le prove hanno confermato l’elevata affinità di pirimicarb ve...
Background: Amblyseius andersoni is a common predatory mite occurring in fruit orchards located in Europe and North America. Its role in preventing spider mite outbreaks is widely recognized, in particular when selective pesticides are used. The compatibility between plant protection products and predatory mites is crucial to preserve their activit...
In the last few years, blistering symptoms were observed on apple plants in commercial orchards. Blisters are commonly found on apple leaves as well as on small fruits. This symptom is compatible with that described for apple blister mites belonging to the genus Eriophyes (Eriophyidae). To assess the identity of the etiological agent, leaf blisters...
The apple cultivation is often threatened by various aphid species characterized by a peculiar biology and a different harmfulness level. However, the rosy apple aphid and the woolly apple aphid represent the species generating a major concern among apple producers and it needed ever to guarantee a satisfactory protection measure. In recent years i...
Flavescence dorée (FD) is a serious grapevine disease associated with phytoplasmas belonging to the ribosomal subgroup 16SrV. The disease is widespread in the major European grape-growing areas where it causes considerable economic losses and is transmitted from grapevine to grapevine by the alien leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball. Others potenti...
Eriosoma lanigerum represents one of species of aphid complex threatening the apple cultivation and it is considered one of the apple key pests. As a result of aphid trophic action the tree suffers from altered growing of the tissues, desiccation of the branches and roots, damages on wood and the honeydew drips onto fruit. The woolly aphid manageme...
In recent years, the presence of the woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) has increased in apple orchards in both integrated production and organic farming. Possible reasons include reduction in organophosphate insecticide use, negative side effect of pesticides on natural enemies and increased overwintering survival. As a result of the aphid's...
Simple Summary
A recent outbreak of the mosaic leafhopper (MLH), Orientus ishidae, in an apple orchard in Trentino made it urgent to assess the actual capability of this insect to cause damage to this crop. During the biennium from 2020–21, experiments were conducted both in field and semi-field conditions to ascertain whether MLH can (1) Complete...
La difesa fitosanitaria del melo negli ultimi anni
si è trovata ad affrontare nuove sfide a seguito
degli effetti dei cambiamenti climatici, che hanno
favorito modifiche del ciclo biologico di specie
già presenti e l’introduzione di organismi alieni,
e delle limitazioni normative che hanno imposto
strategie a più basso impatto non sempre
però suffi...
NEW ACQUISITIONS ON AUTOMATED SEXUAL PHEROMONE RELEASE DEVICES IN THE APPLICATION OF MATING DISRUPTION TO C. POMONELLA L.
Aerosol technology represents a solution for dispensing pheromones to achieve MD. In this study we aimed to deepen our knowledge of the mechanisms by which disruption operates The mode of action was studied performing a series o...
Apple proliferation (AP) is one of the most dangerous phytoplasma diseases in apple orchards and can cause severe economic losses due to the production of small fruits with low organoleptic qualities in the infected plants. The causal agent is 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali', belonging to the 16SrX phytoplasma group, and nowadays it is distributed wi...
Pubblicazione prodotta in occasione della Giornata tecnica “Colpo di fuoco batterico. Aspetti tecnici, sperimentali e normativi” tenutasi il 2 marzo 2021 e trasmessa in modalità live streaming sul canale Youtube della Fondazione E. Mach.
The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera:Tephritidae) is a highly polyphagous, multivoltine pest species and it is one of the world’s most important fruit pests. The presence of C. capitata was first reported in a limited area of Trentino (northern Italy) in 1990. After this first report, it was no longer observed until 2010, when s...
ATTRACT AND KILL TECHNIQUES FOR THE CONTROL OF OLIVE FRUIT FLY IN ALTO GARDA TRENTINO (Italy)
In Alto Garda Trentino (northern Italy) a 3-year experiment (2016-2018) against Bactrocera oleae evaluated three Attract and Kill products: Eco-Trap (Vioryl), Spintor Fly (Dow AgroSciences) and Flypack (SEDQ). The experiment started every year with Eco-Tra...
In Alto Garda Trentino (northern Italy) olive orchards, 4 types of trap (Bac-Trap®, Cromotrap®, Flypack®, Pherocon OLF®), characterized by different design and feromonal or food lure combination, were compared. The aim of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy of the traps to set up a monitoring network at local scale. The number of flies captured...
Three efficacy trials were conducted over the two-year period 2018-19 in order to evaluate several insecticide or strategies for the matched control of rosy apple aphid and woolly apple aphid, in light of the restrictions by neonicotinoids. The action of the active ingredients sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone, recently registered on apple trees, was...
Three efficacy trial were conducted in order to evaluate the product Mago®, based on sorbitan mono oleate etossilato. In 2018, a field trial was carried out using the adjuvant in mixture with the main apple thinning products. The assessments have shown the action of Mago in increasing the fruitlets thinning, in the different declinations of thinnin...
A seguito di ingiallimenti fogliari estesi associati
a macchie clorotiche e filloptosi, è stata riscontrata
su melo la presenza del cicadellide Orientus
ishidae, specie polifaga ritrovata in molti
agroecosistemi tra cui il vigneto. Da verificare danni
possibili diretti e/o indiretti sulla coltura
La diffusione del fillominatore Antispila oinophylla nei vigneti del Sud Europa risulta lenta ma costante, con nuove infestazioni in Alto Adige, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Veneto ed è in corso di accertamento una segnalazione in Ticino. Il monitoraggio con trappole Traptest innescate con erogatori di monitoraggio commerciali ha permesso di individuare...
Nel biennio 2018-2019 sono state condotte 5 differenti prove per valutare diverse strategie nella gestione dell’afide grigio (Dysaphis plantaginea) e dell’afide lanigero (Eriosoma lanigerum) del melo. I risultati delle prove hanno evidenziato la buona attività di flupyradifurone (Sivanto Prime) e sulfoxaflor (Closer), prodotti di recente introduzio...
Nel corso del biennio 2018-2019 è stata condotta una sperimentazione per valutare l’azione coadiuvante del sorbitan mono oleato etossilato (Mago) quando miscelato con diversi agrofarmaci impiegati nella gestione del diradamento chimico del melo e del
controllo dell’afide lanigero. Dalle esperienze sperimentali emerge come il coadiuvante riesca a mi...
Gli studi presentati nella pubblicazione sono stati realizzati nell’ambito dei progetti di sperimentazione e
ricerca “Miglioramento dei sistemi d’irrigazione e delle tecniche colturali” (2015-2018) finanziato da AIPO Verona
(Associazione interregionale produttori olivicoli) e “Innovazione e Ricerca per l’olio dell’Alto Garda Trentino”
(2017-2019) d...
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Mediterranean fruit fly, is one of the key pest species affecting deciduous fruit orchards along the Mediterranean coasts. Because of global warming, C. capitata is gradually spreading north and is becoming a major pest of apples. Determining the susceptibility of the main apple varieties grown in the region will...
Nel trevigiano e in Trentino sono state condotte delle sperimentazioni per valutare il contenimento del danno da mosca del noce Rhagoletis completa impiegando Decis Trap Noce, sistema «attract and kill» tipo trappola, con dispenser di attrattivo alimentare
e coperchio impregnato di deltametrina. Nelle diverse annate il sistema ha garantito un’effic...
Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Dittero tefritide), o mosca della frutta, è un insetto estremamente polifago, distruttivo, invasivo e polivoltino (Liquido et al., 1991, 1998). Originario dell’Africa tropicale, si è diffuso successivamente in numerosi areali tra cui il bacino del Mediterraneo, Asia, Centro-Sud America e Australia (Eppo, 2011). La sua...
A two-year field experiment (2017-18) was conducted in some organic and IPM orchards
(Golden Delicious and Fuji varieties) located in plain (180 m) and hilly areas (500-700 m) of Trentino-South Tyrol Region (north-eastern Italy) to determine the efficacy of a biological control of WAA populations by means of Aphelinus mali. The evolution of plant c...
Two heliozelid species, Antispila oinophylla van Nieukerken & Wagner and Holocacista rivillei (Stainton) severely infest Italian grapevines. The volatile pheromones from calling females were collected by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). Two compounds from A. oinoph...
The efficiency of some trap types for monitoring the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) were tested in olive cultivation areas in Alto Garda Trentino in two successive years (2016-2017). In 2016 the olive flies' activity was registered with Bac-Trap and Cromotrap traps and their efficiency was assessed by comparing the number of catches. In...
becoming a major pest of apples. Determining the susceptibility of the main apple varieties grown in the region will serve as a cornerstone to the management
of this pest. In this study, we show the results of a field and laboratory no-choice test conducted to determine the Medfly preferences on different apple cultivars. The seven main varieties o...
Alto Garda Trentino, in northern Italy, is an important economic touristic area characterized by the insubric climate typical of Lake Garda basin. Good quality oil production came from the local olive groves and the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae, Rossi) represent the most serious and potentially devastating treat. IPM as control strategy was la...
The Alto Garda Trentino area is characterized by around 500 hectares of olive groves with a good quality oil production. Heavy attacks of olive fruit fly (Bactrocera
oleae, Rossi) were registered in recent few years. During the last decade the most
important control strategy involved the use of “attract & kill” tecnique and one or
two insecticides...
La coltivazione del melo può essere interessata da diverse specie di afidi caratterizzati da biologia e dannosità variabile. Due risultano però le specie di maggior interesse e verso le quali si rende necessario garantire una protezione fitosanitaria, ovvero l’afide grigio e l’afide lanigero. Attualmente i programmi di difesa integrata prevedono un...
Field trials were carried out in order to evaluate the seasonal abundance and the impact on yields of the Apple Rust Mite (ARM) Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) in an experimental fruit orchard located in northern Italy (Trentino region). The effect of ARM on yield and market quality parameters were assessed on Golden Delicious apple frui...
Two field trials were performed in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the efficacy, persistence and timing of Movento® (a.i. spirotetramat) against the rosy apple aphid,
Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) and woolly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum
(Hausmann). The timings chosen were the postflowering (BBCH 69) and the postflowering delayed of 14 days (BBCH 72)...
Two field trials were performed in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the efficacy, persistence and timing of Movento® (a.i. spirotetramat) against the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) and woolly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann). The timings chosen were post-flowering (BBCH 69) and post-flowering delayed by 14 days (BBCH 72). A se...
Apple proliferation is a serious disease that has caused significant economic losses over the last 10 years in all of the European apple-growing regions. The disease is induced by Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, a phytoplasma transmitted by insect vectors. Field and semi-field trials were carried out to compare the efficacy of Exirel (Cyazypyr = cyant...
Extended abstract: Mating disruption (MD) is widely adopted by the apple-growing system in the Trentino – South Tyrol region. The total area treated with pheromone to control Cydia pomonella (L.) is over 22,000 ha and accounts for about 75% of total apple orchards (Ioriatti & Lucchi, 2016). Successful implementation of this pest control measure has...
Extended abstract: The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is one of the main insect pests worldwide, attacking more than 300 different host fruit (Liquido et al., 1990, Papadopolus et al., 2001, De Meyer et al., 2002). This pest, which is extremely polyphagous, develops in Italy on many ripening fruits including the a...
Nel quinquennio 2012-2016 sono state condotte prove di semicampo e di campo per valutare l’effi cacia del nuovo formulato a base di fosmet al 50% (Spada 50 WG) contro le psille vettrici della fi toplasmosi degli scopazzi. Il prodotto ha evidenziato un’efficacia del tutto paragonabile a quella del referente clorpirifos-etile contro Cacopsilla melano...
A semi-field trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticides toward overwintered adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura and picta, vectors of the Apple Proliferation phytoplasma. To evaluate the effect and the persistence of the products, overwintered adults and neanids were placed on potted plants 1 hour, 7 days, and 1...
The "apple proliferation" disease is an economically important threat for the European apple production and its control relies on the use of insecticides against the vector, Cacopsylla melanoneura. This insect spends a limited period in the apple orchards (late winter-spring, with relevant differences in the years). For this reason a successful con...
È stata condotta una serie di prove di campo e semicampo per testare differenti strategie finalizzate al controllo degli afi di cenerognolo (Dysaphis plantaginea) e lanigero (Eriosoma lanigerum) del melo. I risultati evidenziano livelli di contenimento superiori al 90% delle prove contro l’afide cenerognolo, che hanno previsto un doppio intervento...
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is a major pest of apple, pear and walnut orchards worldwide. This pest is often controlled using the biologically friendly control method known as pheromone-based mating disruption. Mating disruption likely exerts selection on the sexual communication system of codling moth, as male...
Pheromone traps baited with 1 mg of the main sex pheromone component of Lobesia botrana
(E)-7,(Z)-9-dodecadienyl acetate (hereafter referred as standard) are used to monitor the moth flight.
Moreover, the same traps are currently used to evaluate mating disruption (MD) efficacy with limited
accuracy. Actually, zero capture in the traps is still con...
Kampimodromus aberrans is an effective predatory mite in fruit orchards. The side-effects of insecticides on this species have been little studied. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of insecticides on K. aberrans. Field experiments showed the detrimental effects of etofenprox, tau-fluvalinate and spinosad on pr...
Le prime esperienze di utilizzo dei feromoni
per la lotta contro insetti fi tofagi con il metodo
della confusione risalgono alla metà degli anni 80.
Negli ultimi 10 anni le superfi ci a confusione hanno
subìto una crescita esponenziale grazie ai positivi
risultati ottenuti e come risposta alle crescenti
esigenze igienico-sanitarie e ambientali
Recently, the Nearctic leafminer Antispila sp. (Lepidoptera Heliozelidae) has been reported as a new invasive pest in North-Italian vineyards. It has been widely detected in the Trentino and Veneto Regions, both in unsprayed and commercial vineyards. Morphological and molecular studies strongly suggest an American origin of this species. The life c...
Chemical analyses performed in 2011 on the 575 samples of apples in Trentino (Italy), there are in average 3.24 active ingredient per sample. Moreover, in 98% of the samples with detectable residues, the level did not exceed 30% of the official MRL This result is achieved thanks to the implementation of the guide lines for integrated production by...
Some techniques have been developed to disrupt mating (MD) of codling moth (CM) by treating orchards with pheromone. Synthetic pheromone is applied to the crop as a formulation that is designed to protect these generally labile compounds from degradation while gradually releasing pheromone into the atmosphere. In Trentino South Tyrol MD has been ad...
Inorganic fungicides such as sulphur, lime sulphur and copper are used for apple diseases control since long time, but recently they became the backbone of disease control in organic farming. Taking advantage of the experience acquired in the organic apple production, innovative formulations of these active ingredients, such as Thiopron, Poltiglia...
The incidence of «Candidatus Phytoplasma mali» infection, as well as the abundance and the infectivity of Cacopsylla melanoneura have been analyzed in order
to revise the role of this psyllid as a vector in Trentino. Field samplings pointed
out the considerable incidence of this species in some orchard areas (up to 7,9
specimens/branch), while Caco...
Some techniques have been developed to achieve mating disruption of Codling
moth, by treating orchards with controlled release devices or by sprayable pheromone. In Trentino mating disruption has been adopted successfully (7,400 ha,
i.e. 62% of the apple area) to control CM in heavily infested areas; on the contrary
in areas with low pressure of th...
Abstract: Different techniques have been developed to disrupt mating (MD) of codling moth (CM) by treating orchards with synthetic pheromone. For this purpose synthetic pheromone is applied to the crop as a formulation that is designed to protect these generally labile compounds from degradation while gradually releasing pheromone into the atmosphe...
La statistica descrittiva rappresenta la base di partenza per le applicazioni della statistica
inferenziale che ha l’obiettivo di trarre conclusioni da delle ipotesi. Ha il compito di organizzare, riassumere, sintetizzare e presentare i dati in modo ordinato
Abstract: The reduction of the residue of pesticides on fruits both in terms of the number of active ingredients and quantity of individual pesticides, is now not only a request from the consumer or the retailer, but a specific objective of the growers. The Integrated Apple Production System operating in Trentino (Italy) has been engaged on this fr...
In the current study, incidence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' in an experimental apple orchard in northeast Italy, in addition to abundance and phytoplasma infectivity of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was determined and the role of this psyllid as a vector of 'Ca. P. mali' in this region was reviewed. Insect samples col...
Voliam Targo è un nuovo insetticida e acaricida a base di clorantraniliprole e abamectina, efficace su diversi parassiti chiave di frutta e orticole. Questo lavoro si concentra sulle sperimentazioni effettuate su melo e pero nella lotta a lepidotteri, psilla ed eriofidi. Oltre alle prove di efficacia, vengono presentate diverse prove effettuate da...
A grapevine leafminer Antispila oinophylla van Nieukerken & Wagner, sp. n., is described both from eastern North America (type locality: Georgia) and as a new important invader in North Italian vineyards (Trentino and Veneto Region) since 2006. The species is closely related to, and previously confused with Antispila ampelopsifoliella Chambers, 187...
