Marina Toger

Uppsala University | UU · Department of Social and Economic Geography

Urban open spaces are considered as spatial residuals of the expansion of built areas. The environmental impact of the resulting land-cover pattern and associated ecosystem services are frequently evaluated at a crude spatial resolution only. However, wild animals use remaining interconnected fine-grain open spaces as an infrastructure for movement...

Sweden had the most liberal lockdown policies in Europe during the Covid-19 pandemic. Relying on individual responsibility and behavioural nudges, their effectiveness was questioned from the perspective of others who responded with legal restrictions on behaviour. In this study, using mobile phone data, we therefore examine daily spatial mobilities...

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of urban inequality in the Stockholm Metropolitan Area analyzing the spatial distribution of amenities and their accessibility. Inequality in urban amenities is measured by a multidimensional index that can be decomposed into the sum of inequality indices computed on the marginal distributions of ameniti...

The delayed response of law enforcement to calls for service has become a hot button issue when evaluating police department performance. While it is often assumed that faster response times could play an important role in quelling potentially violent incidents, there is no empirical evidence to support this claim. In this paper, we measure the eff...

Using tracking technologies to measure revealed preferences can help detect locations with potential for further expansion or with risks of tourism overgrowth and consequential externalities. Understanding consumer behavior in spatio-temporal dimensions can reveal what contextual factors influence the consumption of a destination. This paper aims t...

In this study, we set out to understand how the changes in daily mobility of people during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020 influenced daytime spatial segregation. Rather than focusing on spatial separation, we approached this task from the perspective of daytime socio-spatial diversity – the degree to which people from social...

This chapter uses mobile phone data to assess daily spatial mobility in the Stockholm urban area during the Covid pandemic in 2020 and 2021 using a benchmark of equivalent pre-Covid comparator dates in 2019 and early 2020 to measure the difference. Stockholm is of interest because Sweden did not adopt the same legalistic restrictions as many other...

Cities are increasingly seen as people’s habitat. Citizen tend to regard urban life not only as a convenient way of finding a job or acquiring income, but also as a modus vivendi to enjoy a great variety of urban amenities (culture, friendship, entertainment, urban ‘ambiance’, etc.). Against this background, we observe a rapid rise in urban [un]hap...

Leisure mobility forms an important part of people's spatial activity and mobility spectrum. This study aims to analyse the inequality dimensions of spatial mobility of individuals who seek to move to recreational and leisure destinations (often 'green' and 'blue') on designated days. The study traces-through the use of spatially dependent multilev...

The partition of the Mobile Phone Network (MPN) service area into the cell towers' Voronoi polygons (VP) may serve as a coordinate system for representing the location of the mobile phone devices, as demonstrated by numerous papers that exploit mobile phone data for studying human spatial mobility. In these studies, the user is assumed to be locate...

Cities in the 21st century are magnets for people and business [...]

The partition of the Mobile Phone Network (MPN) service area into the cell towers' Voronoi polygons (VP) may serve as a coordinate system for representing the location of the mobile phone devices. This view is shared by numerous papers that exploit mobile phone data for studying human spatial mobility. We investigate the credibility of this view by...

HDI is a frequently used quantitative index of human potential and welfare, developed as a comprehensive measure for the cross-sectional and temporal comparison of socioeconomic performance. The HDI is a standardised quantitative estimation of welfare comprising indicators of health, knowledge and standard of living, enabling assessment over countr...

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the spatial mobility of a major part of the population in many countries. For most people, this was an extremely disruptive shock, resulting in loss of income, social contact and quality of life. However, forced to reduce human physical interaction, most businesses, individuals and households developed...

For many years the HDI or human development index has been a global de-facto standard to describe the potential for well-being and development of individuals in countries around the world. The index is built around three central elements: health, knowledge and standard of living and serves the purpose of moving the attention from national economics...

Mobile phone data -- with file sizes scaling into terabytes -- easily overwhelm the computational capacity available to some researchers. Moreover, for ethical reasons, data access is often granted only to particular subsets, restricting analyses to cover single days, weeks, or geographical areas. Consequently, it is frequently impossible to set a...

Sweden has adopted far less restrictive social distancing policies than most countries following the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper uses data on all mobile phone users, from one major Swedish mobile phone network, to examine the impact of the Coronavirus outbreak under the Swedish mild recommendations and restrictions regime on individual mobility a...

Real-time mobility data is useful for several applications such as planning transports in metropolitan areas or localizing services in towns. However, if such data is collected without any privacy protection it may reveal sensible locations and pose safety risks to an individual associated to it. Thus, mobility data must be anonymized preferably at...

Last decades saw a dramatic increase in wildlife populations within urban areas. Policymakers seek to minimize human-wildlife conflicts resulting from overabundance of species, such as wild boars (Sus scrofa). To this end, there is a need to understand the drivers governing infiltration of wildlife into cities. In this paper we study the availabili...

p> Purpose: Proximity to nature is highly valued by urbanites. They demonstrate higher willingness to pay for housing at locations near open and green spaces. But, nature in cities can generate negative externalities as well. The aim of this paper is to present the complex relationship between nature and cities and the possible negative influence o...

Purpose: Proximity to nature is highly valued by urbanites. They demonstrate higher willingness to pay for housing at locations near open and green spaces. But, nature in cities can generate negative externalities as well. The aim of this paper is to present the complex relationship between nature and cities and the possible negative influence of u...

As the world's population is increasing, the world is expected to become much more urban. The pressure on nature in rural areas is increasing at a decreasing rate. In the future, the main stage on which people will cause stress to ecosystems is within and near cities. In this paper we describe the processes of change in the spatial evolution of cit...

The continuous expansion and growth of urban and settled areas result in a mosaic of open spaces which provide important habitat for species. Species richness within the urban matrix has been commonly studied in relation to urban-rural gradients, where the richness in open-space patches has been evaluated with respect to their location along this g...

This work’s purpose is thus threefold. First we introduce the importance of explicit spatial models for environmental studies, e.g. biodiversity conservation planning, environmental impacts of urbanization and urban planning, and more particularly explanation of the fitness of bottom up models to analyze evolution of connectivity habitat, based on...