Marina Gravit

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Verified

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• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University

Fire protection systems for steel structures with cement slabs and a fire barrier under cryogenic and Jet-Fire exposure Purpose. The article presents the outcomes of experimental studies of steel structures samples with fire protection systems based on cement binder under cryogenic and hydrocarbon Jet-Fire exposure. Methods. Experimental studies of...

Scientometric analysis using the Scopus database and VosViewer program identified the critical directions of development of this or that field to identify promising technologies and to understand how these achievements affect the practice of design and construction. According to the analytics, the average number of articles per year on the topic of...

Purpose of research. The use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an energy carrier is expanding annually. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyze the regulatory requirements for the structure protection from the cryogenic liquid spill such as LNG. The article also evaluates the ability of fireprotective materials to resist not only hight...

Jet fires are the second most common fire scenario after spill fires. This type of fire is characteristic of gas and gas–oil fires occurring on oil platforms and gas production and processing plants. The consequences of such fires are characterized by high material damage; this is associated with extensive networks of technological communications,...

Two ranges of dielectric permittivity (k) increase in polymer composites upon the modification of BaTiO3 filler with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are shown for the first time. The first increase in permittivity is observed at low MWCNT content in the composite (approximately 0.07 vol.%) without a considerable increase in dielectric loss ta...

The article discusses the studies of epoxy intumescent fire-protective coating of steel structures impacted by cryogenic media and jet fire, in accordance with the requirements of the methodology developed at the Orenburg branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, and harmonized with...

The hydrocarbon temperature–time curve is widely used instead of the standard curve to describe the temperature in the environment of structural surfaces exposed to fire in oil and gas chemical facilities and tunnels. This paper presents calculations of the ratio of time to reach critical temperatures at different nominal fire curves for steel stru...

experimental study and computer modeling of fire protection efficiency of fire protection products for enclosing steel structures of offshore platforms

The review of scientific and technical literature on the problem of ensuring fire safety of public and industrial buildings by dividing rooms into fire compartments using transformable fire barriers (TFB), as well as by protecting openings with transformable fire fillings is presented. The general classification of TFB is presented, the requirement...

Fire protection is required to protect metal structures of oil and gas facilities from fires. Such fire protection should provide high fire resistance limits: 60, 90, 120 and more minutes. Specialists of LLC “RPC PROMIZOL ” developed a multilayer, removable type of fire protection made of superfine basalt fibre and ceramic materials for operation i...

The article discusses the studies of epoxy intumescent fire-protective coating of steel structures impacted by cryogenic media and jet fire, in accordance with the requirements of the methodology developed at the Orenburg branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, and harmonized with...

Purpose. The article presents the outcomes of experimental studies of steel structures samples with fire protection systems based on cement binder under cryogenic and hydrocarbon Jet-Fire exposure. Methods. Experimental studies of the fire protection system for steel structures with cement slabs and a fire barrier under cryogenic exposure were carr...

Gravit, M.; Kirik, E.; Kozupitsa, I.; Solntseva, Y. Fire safety in malls: Curtains for fire hazards localization and safe evacuation; Abstract: With the development of countries, the purchasing capacity rises, therefore the number of shopping malls increases. Shopping malls have intricate layouts with large retail and atrium area. Moreover, a lot o...

Different systems of fire protection coatings are used to protect the metal structures of stories and trestles at oil and gas facilities from low (when filling cryogenic liquids) and high temperatures (in case of the possible development of a hydrocarbon fire regime). This paper presents the results of experiments of fireproof coatings on an epoxy...

The paper presents the results of the development of a multi-layer protective product, which is a transformable fire barrier, installed in buildings and structures to limit the spread of flame, heat flow and smoke. Based on the results of the simulation of eight samples of fire curtains, three promising samples of different compositions were select...

Aspects of mathematical and physical modeling of deflagration explosions emerging during atmospheric (outdoor) accidental explosions are addressed. It has been demonstrated that when physically modeling accidental deflagration explosions, a stoichiometric mixture in the shape of a sphere or hemisphere supported by the ground should be used. This al...

Glass is widely used for the manufacture of the facades and interior glazing of buildings. Glass structures are subject to high fire safety requirements. Two methods are employed in this work: experimental studies of small-sized and large-sized samples and simulations of heating glass structures. The results showed that large-sized samples of monol...

In this article, the authors describe a method for calculating the limiting service life of reinforced stone structures by changing the geometric parameters of the section. Formulas for calculating the limiting service life of reinforced stone structures for a number of design cases are derived. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are i...

The study of isotropy of mechanical properties of cellular structures was carried out. The studied objects are based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (“Schwarz primitive”) with various cell size parameter t. The mechanical loading was applied with different loading directions. It was shown, that triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)-based mater...

The work is aimed at developing a procedure for applying the concept of lean construction to improve the technological process of applying fire protection coating on the steel structures of oil and gas facilities. The experience of implementing elements of the concept of lean construction in the activities of the organization of the oil and gas com...

Steel structures show increased compressive stresses under exposure to elevated temperatures, affecting large deformations and displacements. Experimental studies on loss of integrity (E) and thermal insulating capacity (I) of steel H-120 bulkhead and H-120 deck with mineral wool under hydrocarbon fire exposure are presented. Simulation of structur...

With the growing importance of sustainable construction in the world, cordwood is gaining additional interest as a building material for load-bearing structures. The number of studies on cordwood is limited; there is a lack of information on cordwood design methods, including in the case of fire exposure. The design methods for axially compressed l...

The manuscript is focused on the problems of evacuation in case of fire from the buildings of museums as places with a mass presence of people. Features specific to museums and how they affect safe evacuation conditions are discussed. Most attention is paid to evacuation management, since the vast majority of museum visitors are not familiar with t...

The object of research is the non-compliance of the requirements of the legislation on protection of cultural heritage objects with fire safety regulations in the reconstruction of historical industrial monuments with a change of intended use by the example of the water tower. A retrospective functional concept for the adaptation of the Hydro Tower...

Volumetric-block construction has many advantages compared to traditional construction. Still, its development is hampered by the lack of experience and information on the construction and design of modular buildings, and the lack of construction regulations with their clear classification. This work aimed to accumulate and systematize experience i...

The problems of the fire safety of oil and gas facilities are particularly relevant due to the increasing complexity of technological processes and production. Experimental studies of steel structures with three different types of plasters are presented to determine the time taken to reach the critical temperature and loss of bearing capacity (R) o...

The Editor has retracted this chapter because it has been previously published by the same author group [1]. This chapter is therefore redundant. All authors agree to this retraction.

Space-planning decisions of two sports and entertainment arenas with large crowds—the Roman Colosseum (Italy) and the modern Gazprom Arena stadium (St. Petersburg, Russia)— were analyzed to compare the flow of people during evacuation by simulation. It was shown that the space-planning decisions of the Colosseum seem more advantageous compared with...

The article calculates the actual limits of fire resistance of light thin-walled structures based on Eurocode 3 and finite element modeling of high-temperature fields in SOFiSTiK PC. Experimental studies of structures with a fire-shield made of mineral wool material MBOR-16F produced by JSC “TIZOL” (Russia) have been carried out. This material is d...

The requirements for the fire resistance of steel structures of oil and gas facilities for transportation and production of hydrocarbons are considered (structures of tankers and offshore platforms). It is found that the requirements for the values of fire resistance of structures under hydrocarbon rather than standard fire conditions are given onl...

The fire resistance of reinforced concrete tunnel linings of underground structures depends to a large extent on the explosive destruction of concrete under the influence of high fire temperatures on the surface of the tunnel lining. The use of reinforced-concrete tunnel liners made of fiber concrete with polypropylene fibers for the tunnel enclosi...

Purpose. The article describes experimental studies of steel columns samples with two types of fire resistant plasters to determine time of reaching critical temperature and loss of bearing capacity by samples. Methods. Experimental studies of two plaster compositions types, each of which is a mixture of Portland cement, vermiculite and other binde...

Suspended ceiling is an effective way to fire protection of horizontal structures with steel beams due to its lightness, reliability and functionality. Three designs of fireproof suspended ceiling with silicate plates on cement binder are considered. A detailed description of the tested structures is given. Experiments were carried out to determine...

Introduction. Currently, national standards and codes of practice contain deterministic values of the fire resistance of building structures of facilities of the Russian fuel and energy complex (FEC), while a probabilistic approach to determining their fire resistance is not specified in the Russian regulatory documents. The methodology of the prob...

Cases of fire with highly flammable, combustible liquids and combustible gases with high potential heat emission at oil and gas facilities are assumed to develop as a hydrocarbon fire, which is characterized by the temperature rising rapidly up to 1093 ± 56 °C within five minutes from the test start and staying within the same range throughout the...

Cases of fire with highly flammable, combustible liquids and combustible gases with high potential heat emission at oil and gas facilities are assumed to develop as a hydrocarbon fire, which is characterized by the temperature rising rapidly up to 1093 � 56 �C within five minutes from the test start and staying within the same range throughout the...

Most structures in the Arctic and Antarctic for oil and gas production are offshore stations, tankers, modules, steel supporting, and enclosing structures, which need to be protected against both cryogenic spills and fire exposure. Oil and gas industry facilities have products of high flammability and explosiveness, which in the case of ignition ma...

54 Сентябрь 2021 Результаты научных исследований Полимерные композиционные материалы, ком-позиты (ПКМ)-материалы, состоящие из двух и более компонентов, как правило, из полимерной ос-новы, наполнителей и специальных добавок. Изменяя состав и соотношение полимерной основы и наполнителя, производят широкую вариацию ма-териалов с требуемым набором сво...

Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures; 2021; 95 Article No 9504 Gravit, M.V.; Kirik, E.S.; Savchenko, E.T. Effect of Design on the Evacuation Time for the Colosseum of Rome; 2021; Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures; 95 Article No 9504. Abstract: The article analyzes the space-planning characteristics of the most famous amphit...

In this article, the author raises the problem of assessing the residual resource of an object, which consists of several buildings and structures. Four different approaches to solving this problem are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are presented. The areas of their application are indicated. Within the framework of...

In a situation where a fire occurs either in a tunnel with a burning vehicle carrying petroleum products, at an offshore platform, or at an oil and gas asset to be protected, such a case is commonly described using a hydrocarbon fire curve. Therefore, it is extremely important to design construction, which can maintain stability and bearing capacit...

Modern windows and facade glazing elements, depending on the type and purpose of the building, perform various functions. They can be both direct sources of daylighting and elements fireproof structures in external building envelopes. The high temperature in case of fire causes deformations and loss performance properties of structures. Structural...

In this article the influence of aggregate of geopolymer concrete used in concrete printing of buildings and structures, architectural elements on its thermal conductivity is studied. All tests were conducted on device for measuring thermal conductivity called PIT-2 designed to measure the thermal conductivity of building and heat-insulating materi...

This article presents a small comparison of European and American normative documents in part of the fire safety and determines a difference in the hydrocarbon fire mode between these regulation documents. Regulatory requirements for bearing and enclosing structures of oil-and-gas complex construction, tankers and offshore fixed platforms are analy...

In this article the influence of aggregate of geopolymer concrete used in concrete printing of buildings and structures, architectural elements on its thermal conductivity is studied. All tests were conducted on device for measuring thermal conductivity called PIT-2 designed to measure the thermal conductivity of building and heat-insulating materi...

In this article the influence of aggregate of geopolymer concrete used in concrete printing of buildings and structures, architectural elements on its thermal conductivity is studied. All tests were conducted on device for measuring thermal conductivity called PIT-2 designed to measure the thermal conductivity of building and heat-insulating materi...

This article presents regulatory requirements in the field of fire safety for bearing and enclosing structures of oil-and-gas complex construction, tankers and offshore fixed platforms. Authors investigate two steel deck bulkhead with mineral wool fire protection for a sea building construction with a fire resistance limit A-60 (standard fire mode)...

In this article, the authors propose a method for assessing the residual resource by changing the geometric parameters of wooden structures. A general formula for estimating the maximum service life is presented. Then a number of special cases are considered when calculating the ultimate service life for the first group of limiting states. As a res...

The paper considers a variant of combining the terms used in the field related to the study of fire protection means into a terminological system. The correct definition of terms is also crucial in technological and manufacturing processes. That is why it was decided to form and describe the terminological system in the field of fire protection and...

Magnesium alloys find their application in aviation technology for manufacturing of structural elements in uninhabited compartments and outside areas with increased fire hazard. At the stage of development of magnesium alloys with low fire hazard, it is advisable to perform comparative tests on relatively small samples so that all test equipment ca...

The designs of two large arenas of different epochs are discussed, which are the most famous antique amphitheater the Roman Colosseum (Italy) and the modern Gazprom Arena stadium (St. Petersburg, Russia). 3D-computer models of the arenas have been built and evacuation of people has been simulated in the Sigma FS software (Russia). The arena designs...

This chapter overviews the sequence of physicochemical transformations during combustion of intumescent compositions and the principle of their fire-retardant action. The results of studying the structure and composition of the products of thermolysis of intumescent components using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, chromatography–mass s...

This chapter presents the results of modification of flame-retardant intumescent compositions with additives in order to increase their operational characteristics. Carbon nanostructures and their precursors: monolayer and multilayer nanotubes, fullerenes and their endohedral metal complexes, graphenes, including thermally expanded graphite, and te...

This chapter overviews the typology and evolution of flame retardants for building structures, their chemical composition and the functional contribution of the main components of the intumescent system to the fire-retardant mechanism. Approaches to the development of the most widely used materials based on the intumescent triad, including ammonium...

This chapter presents the results of review and comparison of contributions made by film formers of intumescent composition, which initially forms a fire-retardant coating. Based on a critical analysis of literature and experimental data, it is shown that the nature of polymer binder has a direct effect on the fire-retardant efficiency of the intum...

This chapter provides a brief overview of the possibilities of using intumescent coatings for wooden structures, plastic (e.g., coatings for cable). Fireproofing wooden structures with thermally expanding paints make it possible to create a heat-protective layer on the surface being treated. The application of the single-burning item (SBI) method f...

This chapter summarizes the experience of practical application of flame-retardant intumescent compositions, including for the hydrocarbon combustion mode; identifies problematic aspects of the manufacturing technology and application of these materials; suggests methods and instruments for the operational diagnostics of the state of a fire-retarda...

Ц елью разработки любого средства огнезащиты является получение таких эксплуатационных характеристик, которые бы обеспе-чивали требуемый по проекту огнезащиты пре-дел огнестойкости конструкции. Таким образом, согласно требованиям федерального законода-тельства, средства огнезащиты независимо от типа (огнезащитное покрытие, конструктивная или комбин...

The article presents the results of the wide-scale fire tests of light thin-walled steel structures (LTWS) for a fire protection efficiency of a structural fire-protection. Cross sections of steel constructions are composite. They consist of cold-formed galvanized C-shaped profiles lined with the basalt roll MBOR material. Then there is a numerical...

Introduction . The authors claim to have originally invented and introduced structural curve-following intumescent fire protection not only for cabling, but also for civil structures of investment construction projects (also those of buildings and facilities of the oil&gas complex since the operation of the structures is possible also in the mariti...

The purpose of the study is the development of methods of identification of vehicles. These methods based on the system of identification their optical images for organization of movement and reducing the number of road accidents. There is a way of mathematical processing of signals in this method. These signals are registered with the help of opti...

The article describes the use of two-parameter distributions for assessing the residual resource of engineering systems and building structures of buildings and structures. To estimate the residual resource, the authors propose using the Weibull distribution, beta distribution, gamma distribution, and student distribution. Scopes of each distributi...

Правильное проектирование, устройство и монтаж деформационных швов дают возможность обеспечить длительный срок службы основных несущих и ограждающих конструкций зданий, а также элементов внутренней и внешней отделки. Огнестойкие заполнения устанавливают для компенсации возможных изменений ширины шва от первоначальной ширины в горизонтальные и верти...

The aim of this work is to conduct the assessment of the development of a fire on a waterproofing carpet as a result of exposure to a low-power ignition source outside the roof structure. In this article, tests were carried out according to the method of CEN/TS 1187:2013, Test 2 and Test 3 to determine the fire hazard of a roofing composition with...

The results of the study of the mechanical properties of cellular structures with various geometries made of polyamide-12, which are repeating in three directions structural elements having a geometric three-fold periodic surfaces of minimal energy, are presented. Samples in the form of a cube (size 30 × 30 × 30 mm) were obtained by the method of l...

Ceramic samples were fabricated from alumina using traditional and additive technologies. Slipcasting technique was used to prepare sample as a traditional way, from pink alumina ceramic slurry with further drying a high temperature treatment of dried preformed ceramics. For preparation of second sample by additive route, stereolythography or SLA 3...

The standard (cellulose), external, slow heating and hydrocarbon modes are regulated in the majority of world standardization systems in the field of fire tests of structures. Hydrocarbon temperature mode is used to describe the combustion of flammable liquids and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at the enterprises of the oil refining and petrochemica...

There is a fire resistance investigation of the light steel thin-walled wall system with foam concrete filling (low density of 200 kg/m³) in a fixed formwork of glass-magnesite sheets. The wall fragment model in the PC SOFiSTiK presents dependence temperature gradient in the section from fire duration. According to the results of the calculation an...

The book provides practical recommendations for creation of fire retardant materials with an increased service life. The enhanced fire resistance seen in these materials is based on the regularities of the chemical and physicochemical interaction of the components of intumescent composition in the process of thermolytic synthesis of heat-insulating...

Conventional glass materials are weak spots in building fires, and fire codes requires installing fire-resistant glass in specified places. Apart from assessing fire resistance of glass panels by standard tests, there are no universal standards in fire-resistant glass specifications. In standard fire resistance tests, the most relevant performance...

Для определения требуемых пределов огнестойкости строи- тельных конструкций и материалов испытатели ориентируются на расчетные температурные режимы горения, в основу кото- рых положены усредненные данные о температурах реальных пожаров. В большинстве мировых систем стандартизации в области огневых испытаний конструкций регламентируются стандартный...

The review of international, European and American normative documents for testing to determine the limits of fire resistance of building structures in the simulation of the hydrocarbon fire is presented. The regulatory requirements for ship structures in the design of ships and offshore fixed platforms are analyzed. It is determined that unambiguo...

There is a temperature gradient investigation of the steel hollow circular column. This dependence was carried out from simulated section in the PC SOFiSTiK and experimental data from the manual. The comparison of the modelling and manual results gives excellent convergence for both unprotected section and with fire protection of cement-sand plaste...

This article presents some methods for calculating the residual life of building structures. Areas of application for each of them are highlighted. A new method for calculating the residual life of building structures is proposed, which is proposed to be called a combined procedure for calculating the residual life of building structures. This meth...

The increased operational properties, main of which - ensuring fire resistance in the conditions of the hydrocarbon mode of the fire, resistance to low temperatures and lack of wet processes at installation are necessary for means of fire protection of structures of buildings and constructions of an oil and gas complex. The review of means of fire...

This research covers fire risk classification for construction materials in the countries of the European Union and a full methodological approach to the assessment of the fire hazard, providing requirements, characteristics, and test methods depending on the field of their usage and functional purpose. Application of fireproof coating and construc...

The article studies the dependence of the human flow density on two main parameters: the width of the staircase and the number of people on the floor. It was established that violation of standards in terms of the entrance door width and the presence of a stair hall have a strong influence on the total time of evacuation due to the formation of clu...

Introduction. The number of multi-storey buildings and structures increases every year. Now there is an improving tendency of elderly people who remains be able to work even in old age. The issue of evacuation people with reduced mobility is especially acute. In high-rise buildings, evacuation paths are very long, which makes the evacuation process...

In the article a review of modern software systems allowing calculating the distribution of temperature fields in a structure in time, without loading and with it (the fire resistance limit of structures) under conditions of a special fire load has been given. The algorithm of the finite element method is used for the calculations, on which each of...

The result of the combustion of fire hazardous materials at the facilities of the oil and gas complex is extensive fires, characterizing the rapid temperature rise, and as a result the destruction of load-bearing structures occurs. The dynamics of the development of such fire type requires a different approach to test the structures in order to det...

The article deals with the technical documentation in design of building constructions of oil-and-gas complex under special load – fire in case of hydrocarbon fire. It gives the detailed review of international, European and American standards for determine of the fire resistance limits in the modeling of hydrocarbon combustion. Much attention is g...

Prefabricated monolithic slabs represent a construction structure that effectively combines the positive properties of precast reinforced concrete structures and monolithic concrete with additional reinforcement. Systems of the prefabricated monolithic constructions correspond to the modern trends, but require special attention and scrutiny. There...

Fire curtains are used in case of fire to create a temporary barrier in open technological openings, openings of buildings and structures. The paper presents the results of tests for fire resistance of samples of fire curtains. The ability of intumescent formulations to effectively prevent the spread of heat has been studied. The article presents t...