Marin Bačić

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• PhD
• Senior Research Assistant at University of Zagreb

The paper deals with the analysis of the fuel consumption of skidders during timber extraction from thinning of even-aged beech forest on mountain terrain. Fuel consumption research was conducted on the Ecotrac 140V cable skidder over 8 working days at the same worksite during real timber extraction work. The worksite was organized so that the empt...

Rad se bavi analizom potrošnje goriva skidera pri privlačenju drva iz prorede jednodobne bukove sastojine na gorskom području. Istraživanje potrošnje goriva provedeno je na skideru Ecotrac 140V tijekom osam radnih dana na istom radilištu u stvarnim uvjetima privlačenja drva. Radilište je organizirano tako da se prazni skider kretao uzbrdo, dok je o...

Today in many countries and regions, forestry sector deals with a considerable shortage of forestry workers and faces the serious challenge of ensuring a qualified and sustainable workforce. Current global processes and structural changes, such as emigration from rural areas, aging of the population, unfavorable age structure of existing employees,...

The paper presents the process of electricity and thermal energy production in a cogeneration plant and the process of wood pellet production. The aim of this study was to analyze the energy gain—EROI for energy products that are created as a product contained in electrical and thermal energy and the energy contained in wood pellets. According to t...

Compiling the research on forestry ergonomics, which is still a marginal field in terms of the sheer volume of published forestry-related articles, gives a good foundation and guidance for future research and publishing. This review aims to compile, classify, and analyze forestry ergonomics publications in JIF (Journal Impact Factor) journals regar...

Unatoč razvoju mehanizacije i primjeni visokih tehnologija u sustavima pridobivanja drva ručno-strojni rad motornom pilom i dalje prevladava u Jugoistočnoj Europi, ali i šire. Biomehaničko opterećenje šumskoga radnika u takvim operacijama kategorizirano je kao »vrlo veliko«. Procjena centra mase pritom ima važnu ulogu u razumijevanju izloženosti šu...

U radu se prikazuje proces proizvodnje toplinske i električne energije u kogeneracijskom postrojenju te proces proizvodnje drvnih peleta. Cilj je ovoga rada analizirati dobit energije (EROI) od energenata koji nastaju kao proizvod sadržan u toplinskoj i električnoj energiji te energiji koja je sadržana u drvnim peletima. Prema dobivenim rezultatima...

The application of various graphic analytical software solutions in the research aimed at designing and determining the ergonomic and biomechanical harmony between forestry workers’ anthropometric measures and their working positions and movements is still scientifically incomplete and largely unexplored in forestry, especially regarding motor manu...

Labour force represents the sum of human physical and mental abilities used for the production of whatever kind of use values. In forestry, the performance of work operations, especially wood harvesting, represents a high-risk, physically intensive, and professionally very demanding activity, which inevitably requires a qualified and sustainable la...

A gasoline-powered chainsaw is still an irreplaceable tool in forest harvesting operations. Operating a chainsaw requires training and skill since it is a potentially dangerous tool if not operated according to the safety guidelines. Safely starting a chainsaw is often overlooked in practice which can cause serious physical injuries. To safely star...

The aim of this research is to measure the energy consumption and compare the cutting performance of three types of battery-powered chainsaws (Stihl MSA 200, Stihl MSA 220, and Stihl MSA 300). Tested chainsaws were powered by two different battery packs (Stihl AP 300 S and Stihl AP 500 S) with different energy capacity and output current when cutti...

Rad u šumarstvu razumijeva sve ljudske aktivnosti koje su prijeko potrebne za obavljanje planiranih šumarskih poslova, a radi ostvarivanja dobrobiti od šume i šumskoga zemljišta. U skladu s tim šumarski radnici, tj. ljudi s potrebnim znanjima, vještinama i sposobnostima, uz odgovarajuća sredstva za rad i predmet rada predstavljaju temeljni čimbenik...

The Ordinance on Occupational Safety and Health in Forestry proposes no more than 4 h of effective chainsaw work daily, while EU Directive 2002/44/EC proposes an EAV of 2.5 m/s², and an ELV of 5 m/s². The aim of this paper was to compare and assess the viability of the proposed restrictions. A case study in Croatia including 91 felled and processed...

Professionally trained, motivated, and responsible forestry workers are a fundamental prerequisite of successful forest production and an integral part of the modern, generally accepted paradigm of sustainable forest management. However, the forestry sector today is increasingly facing the problem of a shortage of forestry workers and the challenge...

The increasing importance of utilizing new technologies, such as GNSS (Global navigation satellite system) devices, total stations, drones, scanners, etc., in forestry has become evident with the development of these tools. Combined with precise GNSS devices, UAVs represent an efficient tool that facilitates field measurements and reduces time spen...

Motor-manual work with a chainsaw is still an irreplaceable occupational activity in forest harvesting operations in Croatia and in many other countries. Chainsaw workers are exposed to different risk factors, such as noise and vibrations, heavy load lifting, awkward and preflexion postures, repetitive movements, etc. The working posture and the as...

Forest cleaning, being an operation that requires investment, but the return on investment is due for the next generations, utilizes tools and methods that mostly haven't been humanized. Harmful vibration is still present in today's forestry operations, and new tools provide possible reduction of exposure to vibrations. Petrol chainsaw and battery...

Growing demand for forest machines that cost less to operate than current compared to traditional hydraulic and mechanical ones, along with regulatory pressures for lower emissions, is increasing manufacturers’ interest in developing electric and hybrid drives. While purely electric drives of forest machines meet a lot of bottlenecks (costs of the...

Motor-manual felling and wood processing is a high-risk work process where the chainsaw, in connection to other variables in the working environment, is a key and constant source of risk and danger for forest chainsaw operators. Pursuant to the foregoing, the purpose of this research is to investigate and compare detected musculoskeletal disorder (...

During forest harvesting operations, exhaust emissions from forest vehicles are released at different levels depending on several variables. This pollution released into the atmosphere is considered one of the main anthropogenic factors that negatively affect forest ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed exhaust emissions from a skidder diesel engi...

Skidders, as self-propelled machines designed to transport trees or parts of trees by trailing or dragging it from the woods to a landing area, are still extensively used as the main wood extraction equipment in most of the Europe and worldwide. The high price of new machines (and even higher for CTL technology) makes the second-hand skidder market...

The paper deals with the characteristics of three different types of power train hybridization of forest logging machines and with the benefits of reducing environmental impacts by comparing new technology with more conventional, older technology. New hybridization options that could be implemented in forestry machines are also discussed. The paper...

For the needs of fuel consumption analysis, a database for a period of 2 years was created for three types of skidders operating in two different management methods—even-aged and selective forests. A total of 436 skidders were processed in the database, of which 255 skidders worked in even-aged forests and 181 skidders worked in selective forests....

The exposure of workers to vibration is expressed as energy equivalent A(8), which is determined by the procedure clearly described in the international standard ISO 5349-1-2001. A(8) is a value that depends not only on the vibration level in certain operating procedures, but also on the duration of exposure. Research was conducted on Ecotrac 120 V...

Technical development and system optimization during the last decades have targeted more efficient, socially acceptable and ecologically sustainable ways to use forestry machines and tools. This is supported by the development of electronics and electrical components, as well as battery technology, without which it is impossible to imagine doing so...

Problem izloženosti štetnim vibracijama u šumarstvu javlja se s primjenom prvih motornih pila u sječi i izradi. Iako je rad s motornim pilama bio višestruko brži, produktivniji te fizički manje zahtjevan od ručnog obaranja, motorne pile emitirale su velike količine vibracija i s vremenom je došlo do negativnog utjecaja na zdravlje šumskih radnika....

Although professional chainsaws have come a long way regarding technical and ergonomic development since first introduced into forestry, they still remain a high-risk tool that can cause serious health problems. In this research, three types of used professional chainsaws were observed regarding harmful vibrations they emit and possible connection...

U radu je provedeno istraživanje petnaest različitih šumskih kamionskih skupova za prijevoz drva u vlasništvu poduzeća Hrvatske šume d.o.o. Zagreb, Uprava šuma podružnica Bjelovar. Osnovni podaci koji su korišteni za analizu šumskih kamionskih skupova za prijevoz drva su: prijeđeni kilometri (pun, prazan), ukupna potrošnja goriva, broj dana rada (u...

The main tool used in a forest cleaning is a billhook, a hand tool consisting of a hold and a hooked blade sharpened on both sides. Forest cleaning is physically very tiring and takes place under difficult working conditions (high temperature and humidity, dense vegetation, insects). Moreover, working with billhook is exclusively manual work and it...

Fuel consumption of forest machinery and vehicles depends mainly on terrain conditions, working methods, drivers’ skills, engine load under working conditions, engine speed, type and technical characteristics of the machine. In timber harvesting operations, fuel consumption is significant for both, economic (costs), and environmental issues (80-95%...

Soil disturbance is often an inevitable consequence of machine movements in the forest stand during which soil compression occurs and, depending on the soil bearing capacity, root system is prone to damage. In this paper, the analysis of soil disturbance was performed after harvester felling and cutting, and subsequent timber forwarding in thinning...

Regarding number of vehicles, forest roads are characterized by low traffic intensity, but on the other hand great values of ground pressure between wheels of timber truck units and forest road surface occur, often with pressures values above 80 kN which additionally causes damage of the upper and lower forest road layer. There are currently severa...

The main tool used in forest tending work is a hedging bill, a hand tool consisting of a hold and a blade sharpened on both sides. Working with the hedging bill is physically very tiring and takes place under difficult working conditions (high temperature, dense vegetation, insects). For purpose of humanizing the forest tending work, a tool that ha...

Background and Purpose: Fuel consumption in timber harvesting operations is significant for both economic and environmental reasons. In economic sense, one significant part of timber harvesting costs is reduced to fuel costs, and in environmental sense 80% to 95% of exhaust emissions and soot particles in forest machinery are in fact associated wit...

Background and Purpose: The existing public and forest transport infrastructure (truck forest roads) are permanent objects used when passing through forests. They also serve as a firefighter belt and provide direct access to firefighting vehicles, or are used as the starting point where firefighting teams extinguish fires or move toward remote fire...

During the transport of stacked wood for processing (pulpwood), it is essential to know the total load mass because the sale of these products is based on mass. The main goal of the research is to determine the mass distribution of fir pulpwood load that can be transported with different types of truck units and to compare it with the permitted axl...