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Publications
Publications (91)
In this paper, we use univariate instrumental estimations to study the interactions between firm-level innovation, exports and productivity in the Indian manufacturing sector. To differentiate incentives to innovate from the ability to innovate, we distinguish the inputs of innovation (R&D and training) from the outputs. Our findings highlight a vi...
Drawing on the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, we revisit the link between firm-level investment climate and productive performance for a panel of enterprises surveyed twice in time in 70 developing countries and 11 manufacturing industries. We take advantage of the time dimension available for an increasing number of countries to tackle the endogen...
Drawing on the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, we revisit the link between firm-level investment climate and productive performance for a panel of enterprises surveyed twice in time in 70 developing countries and 11 manufacturing industries. We take advantage of the time dimension available for an increasing number of countries to tackle the endogen...
The Make in India program aims at building best-in-class manufacturing set up in the country. However, public infrastructure is considered to be one of the biggest obstacles for the growth of manufacturing in the country. In this context, this paper examines the role of infrastructure and information & communication technology (ICT) on total factor...
This study documents the implications of financial vulnerability for export diversification in developing economies. Financial crises, by increasing the incidence of sunk costs of entry into exporting, reduce firm export dynamics. Financially-vulnerable exporters are not able to fully realize economies of scale in production and access better-sophi...
This paper highlights the role of infrastructure and information andcommunication technology (ICT) in the context of total factor productivity (TFP) andtechnical efficiency (TE) of the Indian manufacturing sector for the period 1994–2008. We use advanced estimation techniques to overcome problems ofnon-stationary, omitted variables, endogeneity and...
Drawing on World Bank enterprise surveys, this paper shows that investment climate (IC) is correlated with firms' technical efficiency (TE) in eight manufacturing industries of 22 developing countries. Essential aspects of IC include the quality of infrastructure, the experience and education of the labour force, the cost of and access to financing...
India's economic liberalization in the 1990s provides scope for research on the effects of policy reforms on economic performance. This paper examines some of these policy changes and their impact on firms’ productivity and efficiency. We assess, specifically, the role of export and import (total, intermediate, and capital goods) as an outcome of t...
Drawing on a recent data set of the Indian manufacturing industry for the period 1994–2008, this article shows for eight sectors that core infrastructure matters in determining Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Technical Efficiency (TE). Results suggest that the impact is rather strong on both measures (elasticity of 0.32 and 0.17, respectively)....
Firm productive performances in five Middle East and North African (MENA) economies and eight manufacturing industries are compared to those in 17 other developing countries. Although the broad picture hides some heterogeneity, enterprises in MENA often performed inadequately compared to MENA status of middle-income economies, with the exception of...
Drawing on a recent dataset of the Indian manufacturing industry for 1994 to 2008, this paper shows for eight sectors that core infrastructure and Information & Communication Technology (ICT) matter for Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Technical Efficiency (TE).In the analysis, we use a range of advanced estimation techniques to overcome problem...
This paper aims to ascertain the effects of convergence in governance on investment decisions among a sample of 43 developing countries, using dynamic system GMM estimations. In an increasingly interdependent economic world, regions with good governance are considered to be areas of higher investment, as a result of further integration and collabor...
During the 1980s and the 1990s, private investment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has on average shown a decreasing or stagnant trend. This contrasts with the situation of the Asian economies, where private investment has always been more dynamic. In this article, it is empirically shown for a panel of 39 developing economies among whic...
Drawing on the World Bank Investment Climate Assessment surveys, this paper investigates the relationship between firm-level technical efficiency and the investment climate for 22 developing economies and eight manufacturing industries. The authors first propose three measures of firms' productive performance: labor productivity, total factor produ...
The labor market plays an important role in economic development through its impact on the acquisition and deployment of skills. This paper argues that countries in the MENA region failed to deploy human capital efficiently despite high levels of education because of a large public sector which has distorted incentives and because of excessive regu...
Both institutional quality and institutional stability have been argued to stimulate economic growth. But to improve institutional quality, a country must endure a period of institutional change, which implies at least a little and possibly a lot of institutional instability. We investigate the growth effects of institutional quality and instabilit...
This paper investigates the relationship between firm-level productivity and investment climate (IC) for a large number of countries (23) and manufacturing industries (8). We first propose three measures of firms' productive performances: Labor Productivity (LP), Total Factor Productivity (TFP), and Technical Efficiency (TE). We reveal that enterpr...
This paper empirically shows that the perceived quality of governance is an essential determinant of the private investment decisions in the developing countries by stressing the existence of different types of possible measures of governance. We use three different indicators to measure the perceived quality of governance, "Quality of Administrati...
Both institutional quality and institutional stability have been argued to stimulate economic growth. But to improve institutional quality, a country must endure a period of institutional change, which implies at least a little and possibly a lot of institutional instability. We investigate the growth effects of institutional quality and instabilit...
By using a simultaneous equations model, this paper establishes that the perceived quality of governance, which is measured by three different indicators “Quality of Administrationâ€, “Public Accountability†and “Political Stabilityâ€, has a positive effect on the private investment decisions in the developing countries. Our model allows us...
The paper assesses the importance of openness, infrastructure availability, and sound economic and political conditions in increasing developing countries' attractiveness with respect to FDI. The results show that these factors are particularly important for South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The paper also shows a higher impact of these fact...
In this paper we empirically analyse the linkages amongst economic reforms, human capital, physical infrastructure, and growth for a panel of 44 developing countries over 1970–1980 to 1999. For this purpose, we generate aggregated reform indicators using principal component analysis. We show that the growth performance of Middle East and North Afri...
During the 1980s and 1990s, private investment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has on average shown a decreasing or stagnant trend. This contrasts with the situation of the Asian economies, where private investment has always been more dynamic. In this paper, it is empirically shown for a panel of 39 developing economies--among which fou...
The labor market plays an important role in economic development through its impact on the acquisition and deployment of skills. This paper argues that countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region failed to deploy human capital efficiently despite high levels of education because of a large public sector, which has distorted incentiv...
This paper addresses the issue of the low level of private investment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with special emphasis on the role of governance. Based on the existing literature, we have categorized what types of governance institutions are more detrimental to entrepreneurial investments. We have then estimated a simultaneo...
During the 1980s and the 1990s, private investment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has on average shown a decreasing or stagnant trend. This contrasts with the situation of the Asian economies, where private investment has always been more dynamic. In this paper, it is empirically shown for a panel of 39 developing economies--among which...
Both institutional quality and institutional stability have been argued to stimulate economic growth. But to improve institutional quality, a country must endure a period of institutional change, which implies at least a little and possibly a lot of institutional instability. We investigate the growth effects of institutional quality and instabilit...
This paper empirically shows, for a panel of 31 developing countries studied during the 1980s and the 1990s, that governance institutions constitute an important part of the investment climate of the developing economies. This result strongly holds for the “Quality of Administration” and confirms that a low level of corruption, a good quality of bu...
This paper analyzes the determinants of unsatisfying private investment growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) throughout the 1980s and 1990. In this period, private investment in MENA has on average shown a decreasing or stagnant trend in contrast to the rest of the world. This paper show empirically for a panel of 40 developing economi...
The labor market plays an important role in economic development through its impact on the acquisition and deployment of skills. This paper argues that countries in the MENA region failed to deploy human capital efficiently despite high levels of education because of a large public sector which has distorted incentives and because of excessive regu...
The paper assess the relative importance of trade and foreign exchange liberalization, infrastructure availability and economic and political stability in increasing Middle East and North African (MENA) countries attractiveness with respect to FDI. The analysis is conducted for total FDI and for FDI in manufacturing. The results show that trade and...
This paper shows that, during the 1970s and 1980s, MENA economies were characterized by a significant overvaluation of their currency. This overvaluation has had a cost in terms of competitiveness. To determine the degree of overvaluation of the MENA currencies, an indicator of misalignment was developed based on the estimation of an equilibrium ex...
This paper shows that, during the 1970s and 1980s, MENA economies were characterized by a significant overvaluation of their currency. This overvaluation has had a cost in terms of competitiveness. To determine the degree of overvaluation of the MENA currencies, we developed an indicator of misalignment based on the estimation of an equilibrium exc...
In this paper we empirically analyze the linkages among economic reforms, human capital, physical infrastructure, and growth for a panel of 44 developing countries over 1970-80 to 1999. For this purpose, we generate aggregated reform indicators using principal component analysis. We show that the growth performance of the MENA region has been disap...
Argentina's economic policies since the beginning of the century, give an interesting background to the study of Real Exchange Rate (RER) management in emerging countries. In this article, four types of RER overvaluation are identified. In the 1920s, Argentina provides a short example of overvaluation in a context of a fixed exchange rate policy. M...
The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of infrastructure on manufacturing industries' total factor productivity (TFP) and technical efficiency (TE) in the case of the Indian states, building on work that has been carried out at the regional level. Using the spatial dimension of the data, which reveal marked disparities in infrastruct...
In this paper, we show that MENA countries have been characterized by a significant overvaluation of their currency during the 70s and 80s. For this purpose, we have developed an indicator of misalignment based on the estimation of an equilibrium exchange rate ─ following Edwards (1989) ─ on a panel of 53 countries, among which 10 are MENA economie...
In this article, we validate a model of the link between infrastructures, investment and growth. This model is estimated by the three stages least squares method on a panel of 87 countries. Our estimates are based on an aggregate indicator of infrastructures constructed from the principal component analysis of various physical, social and financial...
Infrastructures, Investment and Growth :
New Empiric Facts
In this article, we validate a model of the link between infrastructures, investment and growth. This model is estimated by the three stages least squares method on a panel of 87 countries. Our estimates are based on an aggregate indicator of infrastructures constructed from the principal c...
This paper examines the growth performance of Indian States during 1970-94. We, first, assess the contribution of differences in the availability of physical, social, and economic infrastructure to growth performance. Our estimations account for reverse causality arising from the endogeneity of infrastructure investment. Then, combining principal c...
The aim of this review is to provide a preliminary assessment of the implementation of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) in order to highlight the directions that might take the next stage of reform. A particular focus is made on the Quads countries. Our findings are that, in spite of the URAA arrangements, tariffs on agricultural p...
In this article, we present an overview of the theoretical and empirical literature on infrastructures and growth. We review the different approaches of this link, starting from the earlier themes of the Big Push and of exogenous growth, to the recent renewal of growth theories and of spatial spillover models. We assess the empirical estimates of t...
This paper examines the growth performances of Indian States from 1970 to 1994. First, using principal components analysis, we proceed at a grouping of the States following their endowments in physical, social and economic infrastructure. We then combine principal components analysis with panel data estimation techniques in order to assess the cont...
We estimate a production function that accounts for the economic performance of the country in the 20th century. We elaborate long term time series whereas most of the recent empirical studies on growth are based on cross section analysis. This approach allows us to follow the various regime changes that can be identified in the rich economic histo...
[eng] Productivity growth and technical efficiency in indian state's manufacturing industries : the role of infrastructure. . This paper provides panel data evidence on the productive role of physical, economic, and social infrastructure in the case of Indian State's manufacturing industries. Using principal components analysis, we construct a comp...
This paper examines the growth performance of Indian States during 1970-94. We, first, propose a grouping of States according to differences in the availability of physical, social, and economic infrastructure, using principal components analysis. Then, combining principal components analysis and panel data estimation techniques, we assess the cont...
[fre] Croissance de la productivite et efficacite technique dans l'industrie manufacturiere des Etats de l'Inde. Le role des infrastructures Nous presentons des estimations en donnees de panel de l'effet productif des infrastructures physiques, economiques et sociales dans le cas des branches manufacturieres des Etats de l'Inde. En utilisant l'anal...
We present estimates, at the State level, of Indian manufacturing Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Technical Efficiency (TE) from the estimation of production functions for 17 manufacturing industries from 1976 to 1992. Our analysis relates TFP and TE to the availability of infrastructure. We construct an aggregate infrastructure indicator from...
While, up to the 1930s, Argentina's exceptional economic performance was supported by a rigorous management of public finances and an efficient allocation of government speading, the changes in economic policy in the 1940s contributed to the observed slowdown in economic growth. Argentina choose an ambitious important substitution strategy along wi...
[fre] Le « rattrapage » rapide de la productivité argentine au début du siècle est remis en cause dans les années trente, mais surtout à partir des années cinquante. Les excès de la substitution aux importations au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale participent au ralentissement de la productivité argentine. Ce ralentissement s'explique égale...
The thesis analyzes the factors of Argentinian growth over the whole 20th century in the light of recent developments in growth theories. It shows that the slow-down of the economy from the Second World War is partly attributable to the economic policy choices made at that time. In particular, it is shown that import substitution and financial regu...
Public Finance and Growth : Argentina in the 20th Century
While, up to the 1930s, Argentina's exceptional economic performance was supported by a rigorous management of public finances and an efficient allocation of government spending, the changes in economic policy in the 1940s contributed to the observed slowdown in economic growth. Argentina ch...
This paper studies the determinants of long term growth in Argentina. We estimate a production function that accounts for the economic performance of the country in the 20th century. To evaluate Total Factor Productivity we initially test the classical Solow model. We then analyze the impact of additionnal variables recently highlighted in the endo...
L'Accord de libre échange nord-américain (ALENA) a été signé le 18 décembre 1992 par le Canada, les Etats-Unis et le Mexique. Il devrait entrer en vigueur le 1er janvier 1994, après ratification par les parlements nationaux. Les Etats-Unis, cherchant à donner un nouveau souffle à leur politique commerciale, ont eu un rôle moteur dans les négociatio...
[fre] La zone de libre échange nord-américain : trois stratégies pour un accord . L'Accord de libre échange nord-américain (ALENA) a été signé le 18 décembre 1992 par le Canada, les Etats-Unis et le Mexique. Il devrait entrer en vigueur le 1er janvier 1994, après ratification par les parlements nationaux. Les Etats-Unis, cherchant à donner un nouve...
Le modèle Mosaïque (MOdèle pour la Simulation, l'Analyse et l'Interprétation QUantitative de l'Economie) est la nouvelle version du modèle macroéconométrique trimestriel de l'économie française de l'OFCE. Il est utilisé à la fois pour la prévision, notamment de court terme, et l'étude des politiques économiques.
D'inspiration néokeynésienne, ce mod...
In 1992, economic recovery would be moderate in France, as well as for its commercial partners. Growth would result mostly from high exports, and from consumption. However, investment would remain low. The economic growth rate would raise from 0,9 % in 1991 to 2,3 % in 1992 and 2,7 % in 1993. The inflation rate would settle around 3 %, while the im...
This paper studies out the traditional explanatory factors of investment, then presents the contribution of a model which takes into account profitability and demand constraints simultaneously. If demand fluctuations are sufficient to explain the fall of investment rate in the first half of the eighties, a stronger growth of demand would not have a...
[fre] Cet article presente les perspectives pour l'economie francaise a l'horizon 1992. La croissance ralentit nettement en 1991 mais pourrait se redresser en 1992 avec celles des partenaires industriels si la progression de l'investissement est a nouveau soutenue. Les conditions structurelles de l'economie francaise demeurent saines ; le seul veri...
Selon la prevision presentee dans cet article, la croissance de l'economie francaise serait de 3 % en 1990 et 1991, moins elevee que ces deux dernieres annees, sous l'hypothese d'un ralentissement de la demande mondiale. L'inflation serait un peu plus faible qu'en 1989 (3,2 % en 1990 et 3,3 % en 1991), tandis que le chomage, stable en 1990, augment...
Projects
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Climat des affaires et performances des entreprises manufacturière des pays en développement