Maria Zejmo

The aim of this review was to analyze associations between HLA (human leukocyte antigens) alleles described thus far and an array of ophthalmologic disorders. Highly polymorphic HLA molecules play a crucial role in immunological response to various pathogens. Due to environmental pressures exerted mostly by infectious factors in the past, populatio...

High myopia (HM) is defined as refractive error above -6.0 D (-8.0 diopters) with axial eyeball length above 26 mm, and is connected with the process of excessive myopisation. HM is not a homogenous disease. HM is considered to be inherited in 3 different patterns: dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked. Many genetic mutations linked to the de...

High-degree myopia (HM) is defined as a refractive error above -6 D (-8 diopters). An axial eyeball length above 26 mm and is also connected with excessive myopisation. Mechanical stretching and thinning of the choroids may lead to the development of irreversible degenerative changes in the eyeball and visual impairment. HM prevalence varies signif...

Myopia and hyperopia have a significant clinical meaning as they can be the cause of low visual acuity or even blindness. Therefore, there is a high demand for all clinical investigations regarding the development of the eye and the creation of refractive errors. Nevertheless, not many papers have been published around the world which compared the...

The aim of the study is to identify HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1 allele and to assess the risk of early pregnancy loss of women, couples with reproductive failure in the first trimester of pregnancy in comparison with fertile women, couples. The study group (B) enrolled 61 couples with reproductive failure and the control group (C) enrolled 20 fertile couple...

In the paper chemical structures and classification of active ingredients of sunscreens as physical or chemical filters are presented. Adequately selected to skin phototype sunscreen protects body against sunburn and prolonged sunlight exposure skin changes, induced by harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Biological agents belong to a novel therapy method. Their immunomodulatory activity is used in treating some of the severe and chronic skin diseases. This paper presents the structure and activity of biological agents, enumerates preparations most commonly used in dermatology, their side effects and contraindications.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in a population of Polish schoolchildren. A total of 4422 students were examined (2107 boys and 2315 girls, aged 6-18 years, mean age 11.1, S.D. 3.5). The examination included retinoscopy under cycloplegia induced with 1% tropicamide. Myopia was defined as a spherical equ...

The aim of the study was to determine in a large population whether low birth weight has an influence on the prevalence of refractive errors among schoolchildren. 3663 schoolchildren were examined (1738 boys and 1925 girls, aged 6-17 years, mean age 11.1, SD = 3.2). The weight at birth was 1500-2500 grams (mean 2184, SD = 271) in 254 and more than...

Ultraviolet radiation from the sun or artificial sources can exert beneficial and/or damaging effect on human skin. Excessive UV radiation has been implicated in the increased incidence of skin malignancies and accelerated skin photoaging. Thus, the skin requires adequate protection and sunscreens are useful for this purpose. Physical (inorganic) a...

The aim of this paper was to describe the development of the human eyeball and orbit during fetal life. Eighteen human fetuses (36 eyes and 36 orbits) with gestational age ranging from 17 to 28 weeks were examined. Fetuses died in the first hours of life due to immaturity and did not reveal any developmental anomalies. The axial and equatorial diam...

To determine visual invalidity causes based on medical-court opinions. An analysis of 337 medical-court opinions requested by the Public Insurance Department of the State Court in Szczecin has been carried out. The opinions concerned 189 men and 148 women at the age ranging from 23 to 96 years old. The average age was 52 years. The causes of appeal...

In the course of myopia many anatomical changes in the structure of the eyeball take place. These changes surface during early childhood. It is unclear if these changes form during the stage of foetal life. The aim of the paper was to examine whether changes which predestine to the formation of myopia occur during the prenatal period. 26 eyeballs o...