Maria Laura Louzada

• Professor
• Reseacher at University of São Paulo

This essay presents the Nova food classification, a conceptual innovation of Brazilian epidemiology, describing its genesis, the scientific evidence derived from its application, and its implications for public health. Created in 2010, Nova classifies foods into four groups based on the degree of processing: unprocessed or minimally processed foods...

This essay presents the Nova food classification, a conceptual innovation of Brazilian epidemiology, describing its genesis, the scientific evidence derived from its application, and its implications for public health. Created in 2010, Nova classifies foods into four groups based on the degree of processing: unprocessed or minimally processed foods...

Objective To describe the food categorization method of the 2017-2018 Household Budget Survey as per the Nova classification, bringing transparency and replicability to the process of monitoring adherence to the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. Methods The foods reported in the Survey were classified in four...

Abstract Introduction Ultraprocessed foods are becoming dominant in the global food supply. Prospective cohort studies have consistently found an association between high consumption of ultraprocessed foods and increased risk of several noncommunicable diseases and all-cause mortality. The study aimed to (1) estimate the risk of all-cause mortality...

Introdução: O indicador de conversão (IC) possui ampla aplicação no preparo de alimentos, contribuindo para o planejamento de compras, padronização de preparações, análise de rendimento e redução de desperdícios. No entanto, o uso do IC em vegetais branqueados e descongelados ainda é pouco explorado. Objetivo: Avaliar o IC de frutas e hortaliças br...

Objective To describe the development and validation of the Nova Food-Frequency Questionnaire (NovaFFQ) for Brazilian adults. Design The NovaFFQ is a self-administered, semi-quantitative questionnaire. The food list includes the most consumed foods and drinks based on 2017-2018 National Food Intake Survey data. We identified and differentiated foo...

Background : The Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines) provide recommendations for a healthy and sustainable diet. Objective: To describe the development and validation of the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines Adherence Score (BraScore). Methods: This work involved multiple methodological steps: defi...

TheBrazilian Dietary Guidelines provide crucial recommendations for a healthy diet, aiming at promoting health and preventing non-communicable chronic diseases. The core principle is the preference for natural or minimally processed foods and freshly prepared dishes over ultra-processed foods. Despite their growing recognition, healthcare professio...

Objetivo: Descrever o método de categorização dos alimentos da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2017-2018 conforme a classificação Nova, trazendo transparência e replicabilidade ao processo de monitoramento da adesão às recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Métodos: Tratou-se de classificação dos alimentos reportados na pes...

The Nova classification(1) categorises foods according to the degree of food processing. Ultra-processed food have undergone a high level of industrial processing and typically contain cosmetic additives(1). Increased consumption of ultra-processed food has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including obesity and chronic diseases(2). Eva...

OBJECTIVE To describe two low-burden diet quality scores and evaluate their performance in reflecting the dietary share of the least and most processed foods defined within the Nova food system classification. METHODS This cross-sectional study included data from the NutriNet-Brasil cohort. Participants answered the Nova24hScreener, a 3-minute sel...

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between screen time and ultra-processed food consumption (UPF) across the lifespan. Data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey, a cross-sectional and population-based study, was used. UPF consumption was evaluated using a score, calculated by summing the positive answers to questions...

The objective of this commentary is to describe the characteristics, development and functionalities of the food intake data collection platform QuestNova. The platform was developed by two information technology specialists, with the support of a team from Nupens/USP. The development process took place in stages, with all the functionalities of ea...

Objective:To evaluate the association between ultra-processed food consumption and adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Design:The study used data from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2017–2018 and employed linear regression models to evaluate the association between ultra-processed food con...

High consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks (UPF) has been linked to poor diet quality and an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. To inform public policies and interventions aimed at reducing UPF intake in Canada, updated information on UPF intake among different sociodemographic groups is needed. This study, using data from 5872...

The aim of this study was to describe the dietary intake of British vegetarians according to the Nova classification and to evaluate the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the nutritional quality of the diet. We used data from the UK national survey (2008/2019). Food collected through a 4-d record were classified accor...

Background Comprehensive research evidence is lacking on the role of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the relationship between the consumption of plant-sourced foods and their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. This study aims to assess CVD risk associated with the dietary contribution of food groups that consider both plant or animal o...

Em 2024, o governo brasileiro promulgou um decreto com novas diretrizes para a cesta básica de alimentos, baseadas no Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Este estudo descreve a aquisição dos alimentos que compõem a nova cesta básica por famílias de baixa renda no Brasil, utilizando dados da última edição da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares...

Background and aims: Although rice and beans are symbols of the traditional Brazilian diet, their consumption has declined over the years. This study explores the potential impact of varying consumption levels on dietary quality and environmental impact in Brazil. Significance: Promoting the traditional Brazilian diet in public health policies can...

The Nova system categorizes foods according to processing levels, and dietary intake instruments not developed to assess this criteria may introduce bias in epidemiological studies. To address this gap, we developed and validated the Nova Food Frequency Questionnaire (NovaFFQ) for Brazilian adults. The NovaFFQ includes commonly consumed foods and d...

The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of household purchase of added sugars and their main food sources in Brazil. Nationally representative data from the Household Budget Surveys from 2002-03, 2008-09 and 2017-18 were used. Energy and added sugar quantities were estimated by means of per capita food quantities. The following it...

Excessive sodium intake is a major global public health issue and the identification of dietary sources and temporal trends in its consumption are a key to effective sodium reduction policies. This study aims to update estimates of sodium intake and its dietary sources in Brazil according to the NOVA food classification system. Records of 7-day foo...

Purpose Ultra-processed food may play a role in facilitating snacking behavior because of their convenience and low satiety potential. This study aimed to describe the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and frequency of snacking. Methods We analyzed data from 46,164 participants (≥ 10 years old) in the 2017–2018 Brazilian Hou...

Objective:This study evaluated the independent and combined environmental impacts of the consumption of beef and ultra-processed foods in Brazil. Design:Cross-sectional study. Setting:Brazil. Participants:We used food purchases data from a national household budget survey conducted between July 2017 and July 2018, representing all Brazilian househo...

Cada vez mais as recomendações alimentares alinham as necessidades de adequação nutricional com a sustentabilidade ambiental. Esta é uma ferramenta que auxilia nos estudos de nutrição engajados com a sustentabilidade. Aqui está uma nova edição das tabelas das pegadas de carbono (CF), pegadas hídricas (WF) e pegadas ecológicas (EF) dos alimentos e d...

Introduction: Despite being the most consumed foods in Brazil, the intake of rice and beans has been decreasing over the years. Objective: We aim to evaluate the consumption of rice and beans by the Brazilian population, its association with dietary nutritional quality, and the environmental impacts of this consumption. Methods: We analyzed food co...

Incomplete understanding of the multiple mechanisms underlying the link between ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic health should not be an excuse for inaction argue Mathilde Touvier and colleagues

Background: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are becoming dominant in the global food and supply. Prospective cohort studies have found an association between UPF dietary pattern and increased risk of several non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. In this study, we (1) estimated the risk of all-cause mortality associated for each 10% increa...

For the first time since its introduction, the 2019 Canada's Food Guide (2019-CFG) highlighted specific guidance on eating practices, i.e., recommendations on where, when, why, and how to eat. The Canadian Eating Practices Screener / Questionnaire court canadien sur les pratiques alimentaires was developed to assess eating practices based on the 20...

In 2019, Health Canada released a new iteration of Canada's Food Guide (2019-CFG), which, for the first time, highlighted recommendations regarding eating practices, i.e., guidance on where, when, why, and how to eat. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-administered screener to assess eating practices recommended in the 2019-CFG...

Objective: This paper describes the first web-based self-completed 24-hour recall designed to categorize food intake according to Nova groups - Nova24h - and its agreement with a reference tool in estimating the dietary relative contribution of the four Nova food groups (% of total energy intake). Design: Comparisons of estimates of dietary rela...

Objective: To assess the prospective association of two diet quality scores based on the Nova food classification with body mass index (BMI) gain. Design: The NutriNet-Brasil cohort is an ongoing web-based prospective study with continuous recruitment of participants aged ≥ 18 years since January 2020. A short 24-hour dietary recall screener inc...

Food biodiversity is characterized by the diversity of foods that compose a local, regional, or national ecosystem. Brazil has 20% of all the planet’s biodiversity and the richest biomes in the world. Therefore, describing the participation of these foods in the Brazilian diet is relevant. Using a complex sample with data from 57,920 households col...

The assignment of foods to one of four categories proposed by the Nova framework may be challenging in the absence of information on how these foods were prepared and their specific composition. A three-step iterative approach can make the categorization process more efficient and transparent, thereby increasing the accuracy of Nova estimates.

Background and objectives: The consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed whole plant foods and of ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, are associated in opposite ways with diet quality and risk of diseases. However, it can be difficult to evaluate and monitor the consumption of these foods in some contex...

The Canadian Food Intake Screener/Questionnaire court canadien sur les apports alimentaires was developed to rapidly assess alignment of adults’ dietary intake over the past month with the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide’s healthy food choices recommendations. From July to December 2021, adults (n = 154) aged 18–65 years completed the screener and up to t...

Objective This paper describes the first web-based self-completed 24-hour recall designed to categorize food intake according to Nova groups - Nova24h – and its agreement with a reference tool in estimating the dietary relative contribution of the four Nova food groups (% of total energy intake). Design Comparisons of estimates of dietary relative...

The objective of this project was to develop a brief self-administered dietary screener, in English and French, to rapidly assess alignment of adults’ dietary intake with the 2019 Canada's Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations. In consultation with Health Canada and external advisors (n = 15), guiding principles were defined. Existing scr...

Objective: To evaluate sociodemographic factors associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the temporal evolution of their consumption in Brazil between 2008 and 2018. Methods: The study used food consumption data of individuals aged ≥ 10 years from 2008-2009 and 2017-2018 Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares (POF - Household Bud...

Objective: To evaluate food consumption in Brazil by race/skin color of the population. Methods: Food consumption data from the Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF - Household Budget Survey) 2017-2018 were analyzed. Food and culinary preparations were grouped into 31 items, composing three main groups, defined by industrial processing charact...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods by Brazilian pregnant women and its association with the nutritional quality of the diet. Methods: This is a prospective and cross-sectional study with food consumption data of Brazilian pregnant women from the 2017 to 2018 Family Budgets Survey (Pesquisa d...

Objective To develop and validate a protocol for the use of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (DGBP) in the individual dietary advice for pregnant women assisted in primary healthcare (PHC). Methods Methodological study that involved the elaboration of a protocol in six steps: definition of the format, definition of the instrument...

The Canadian Food Intake Screener/Questionnaire court canadien sur les apports alimentaires was developed to rapidly assess alignment of adults’ dietary intake over the past month with the 2019 Canada Food Guide’s healthy food choices recommendations. From July to December 2021, adults (n=154) aged 18-65 years completed the screener and up to two 2...

The objective of this project was to develop a brief self-administered dietary screener, in English and French, to rapidly assess alignment of adults’ dietary intake with the 2019 Canada’ s Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations. In consultation with Health Canada and external advisors (n=15), foundational principles were defined. Existing...

Objective To evaluate changes in socioeconomic inequalities in food consumption in Brazil over a 10-year period. Methods Data on 24-h recalls of adults (aged 20 years or more) from the 2008/9 (n = 26,327) and 2017/8 (n = 37,689). Brazilian Dietary Survey were analyzed. We used the Nova classification system to group food items and estimate the per...

Background It remains uncertain how the intersection between educational, gender, and race/skin color inequalities influences food consumption in Brazil. In this study, we examined the educational inequality in the consumption of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods by Brazilians with an intersectional perspective between sex and...

OBJETIVO: Analisar padrões alimentares de crianças brasileiras menores de dois anos e verificar a sua associação com características sociodemográficas e de utilização de serviços de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013. A identificação dos padrões foi realizada em dois grupos etários por meio da a...

OBJETIVO: Estimar o consumo de carne bovina e a sua influência nas pegadas de carbono e na pegada hídrica, bem como mesurar a qualidade nutricional da dieta no Brasil. MÉTODOS: A quantidade consumida de carne bovina e dos demais alimentos foi avaliada por dois registros alimentares de 24 horas em amostra representativa da população brasileira ≥ 10...

Introduction Ultra-processed foods (UPF) have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to estimate CVD premature deaths, incident cases, and disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to the consumption of UPF in Brazilian adults in 2019. Methods A validated a comparative risk assessment mo...

Introduction Ultraprocessed foods have been associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer as well as all-cause mortality. The study aimed to estimate premature deaths attributable to the consumption of ultraprocessed food in Brazil. Methods A comparative risk assessment model wa...

INTRODUÇÃO O arroz e o feijão são os alimentos mais consumidos no Brasil, sendo verdadeiros símbolos da tradição alimentar nacional. Apesar de constituírem a base da alimentação brasileira, seu consumo vem diminuindo ao longo dos anos. O objetivo deste estudo foi aprofundar-se na investigação inédita do consumo alimentar individual de arroz e feijã...

Background and aims The negative effect on dietary nutrient profiles is the most obvious mechanism explaining the higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases associated with increased dietary share of UPF observed in large cohort studies. We estimate the proportion of diets with excessive energy density, excessive free sugars or saturated fat contents...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604103.].

Objective: To evaluate the trend of household food acquisition according to the NOVA classification in Brazil between 1987-1988 and 2017-2018. Methods: We used household food acquisition data from five editions of the Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares (Household Budget Surveys), conducted by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (...

Alimentos regionais são importantes para a cultura e segurança alimentar e nutricional da população, entretanto, não há estudos que descrevam a disponibilidade desses alimentos no Brasil. Portanto, propõe-se descrever a disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos regionais em 2017-2018 e sua evolução no período de 2002 a 2018. Foram utilizados dados da...

Objectives: To quantify the impact of temporal changes in the consumption of ultra-processed foods on obesity trends in Brazil between 2002 and 2009. Methods: We analyzed data from two Household Budget Surveys carried out in 2002/2003 ( n = 182,333) and 2008/2009 ( n = 190,159), which provided information on household food acquisition and individua...

The aim of this study was to conduct a literature scope review of the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and health outcomes. The search was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science and LILACS databases. Studies that assessed the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods, identified on the NOVA classifi...

OBJECTIVE :To study the association between ultra-processed food consumption and carbon and water footprints of the Brazilian diet. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis on data collected in 2008–2009 on a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population aged ≥ 10 years (n = 32,886). Individual food intake was assessed using two 24-hour food records, o...

To describe the methodology of development of a protocol for application of the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines by primary healthcare professionals in individual dietary advice. A five-step approach was followed: (1) format definition; (2) definition of the instrument for assessment of individuals’ food consumption; (3) Dietary Guidelines’ content ext...

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la hipertensión arterial, la hiperglucemia en ayunas, el sobrepeso y la obesidad se encuentran entre los principales factores de riesgo de muerte de la población mundial. Estas alteraciones fueron responsables de 23% de las muertes en el mundo en el 2004 y de 31% de las registradas en las Américas en...

Este quinto fascículo da série Protocolos de Uso do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira tem como objetivo apresentar o protocolo direcionado à pessoa na adolescência (10 a 19 anos), como um instrumento de apoio à prática clínica no cuidado individual na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS).

Studies indicate that eating locations can influence food choices. However, the relationship with ultra-processed foods has been little explored. The objective was to assess the association between eating locations and ultra-processed foods consumption in the UK in 2014-2016. Data from 2,449 individuals aged 4 years or older from the NDNS were anal...

This study assessed associations between ultraprocessed food consumption and dietary nutrient profile linked to obesity in children and adolescents in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States using nationally representative data collected between 2004 and 2014. Linear regression models were us...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet and of sociodemographic strata of this population. METHODS: Carbon footprint of the diet was estimated based on data from two 24-hour diet records, obtained in 2008 and 2009, from a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population aged 10 years and over (n = 34,003) and on environmen...

Background The consumption of ultra-processed foods has increased worldwide and has been related to the occurrence of obesity and other non-communicable diseases. However, little is known about the environmental effects of ultra-processed foods. We aimed to assess the temporal trends in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), water footprint, and ecologic...

Objetivo: Avaliar fatores sociodemográficos associados e a evolução temporal do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados no Brasil. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados do consumo alimentar de indivíduos com idade ≥10 das Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009 e 2017-2018. Os alimentos foram agrupados segundo a classificação NOVA. Modelos de regressã...

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto ambiental da dieta brasileira e a influência que o consumo de carne bovina e de alimentos ultraprocessados exerce naquele impacto. Métodos: Utilizou-se dados de aquisição domiciliar de alimentos da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2017-2018. Foram calculadas as pegadas de carbono e hídrica da aquisição total de alimento...

Objective To evaluate in postmenopausal women the association between menopause symptom intensity and the quality of life and clinical, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors, focusing on food consumption by degree of processing. Study design A cross-sectional study of 288 postmenopausal women using interviews. Main Outcome Measures The Kupperman-...

Resumo Foi avaliado o consumo de fibras alimentares no Brasil e sua relação com a ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados. Foram utilizados dados de consumo alimentar, via registro alimentar de 24 horas, com indivíduos de idade ≥10 anos (n=34.003) oriundos da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009. Os alimentos foram divididos em grupos: in nat...

Objective: To describe the magnitude of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the adult population (≥ 18 years old) in the capitals of the 27 federative units of Brazil, as well as its association with sociodemographic variables. Methods: Data used in this study stem from participants (n = 52,443) of the 2019 wave of the annual survey of the "...

Objective to assess the association between the consumption of school meals offered by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE, in the Portuguese acronym) and the diet quality of adolescents aged 11 to 19 years from Brazilian public schools Design Cross-sectional Setting Public schools in Brazil Participants A sample of 12,260 adolescents aged...

Objective The objective of this study was to examine the associations between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of obesity among UK adults. Methods Participants aged 40–69 years at recruitment in the UK Biobank (2006–2019) with dietary intakes collected using 24-h recall and repeated measures of adiposity––body mass index (BMI), waist circ...

This study aimed to verify the association between adherence to meals from the Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and obesity indicators among adolescents. Data from 12,373 students attending public schools from the 2015 National Survey of School Health were used. Adherence to school meals was assessed using a self-administered questi...

Objective: To describe the Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and evaluate its potential in reflecting the dietary share of UPF in Brazil. Methods: This study was conducted in São Paulo with a convenience sample of 300 adults. Using a tablet, participants answered a 3-minute electronic self-report questionnaire on the...

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o consumo de frutas no Brasil e a associação com a ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados (UP) em amostra representativa de 32.900 brasileiros da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009. A associação entre a participação calórica (% energia) das frutas na dieta e quintos de consumo de UP foi analisad...

Cross-sectional nutritional survey data collected in eight countries were used to estimate saturated fatty acid intakes. Our objective was to estimate the proportion of excessive saturated fatty acid intakes (>10 % of total energy intake) that could be avoided if ultra-processed food consumption was reduced to levels observed in the first quintile...

This study aimed to evaluate the association between eating context patterns and ultra-processed food consumption at two main meal occasions in a representative sample of UK adolescents. Data was acquired from four-day food records of adolescents aged 11–18 years, who participated in the 2014–2016 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (n=542). The...

Background Longitudinal studies have shown significant dose–response associations between dietary share of ultraprocessed foods and the incidence of several noncommunicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Several attributes of ultraprocessed foods are potential mechanisms for their link with health outcomes, including their typically unbalanced n...

Objective Develop and validate a protocol for the use of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (FGBP) in the dietary guidelines for elderly people during individual clinic appointments in Primary Health Care (PHC). Methods The elaboration followed six methodological steps, namely: (1) protocol format definition; (2) definition of the instrume...

Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver e validar um protocolo de uso do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira na orientação alimentar da pessoa idosa durante as consultas clínicas individuais na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Métodos Esta construção seguiu seis etapas metodológicas, sendo elas: (1) definição do formato do protocolo; (2) definição do ins...

Background: We aim to assess the trends in the consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed, processed, and ultra-processed animal products, and the environmental impacts associated with them. Methods: We have used data from five Brazilian Household Budget Surveys (1987, 1996, 2003, 2009, 2017). Animal products (beef, pork, poultry, eggs, fis...

Background Rapid simultaneous increases in ultra-processed food sales and obesity prevalence have been observed worldwide, including in Australia. Consumption of ultra-processed foods by the Australian population was previously shown to be systematically associated with increased risk of intakes of nutrients outside levels recommended for the preve...

Background Ultra-processed foods account for more than 50% of daily calories consumed in several high-income countries, with sales of ultra-processed foods soaring globally, especially in middle-income countries. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes...

OBJECTIVE To describe the dietary characteristics of participants in the NutriNet Brasil cohort immediately before and during the covid-19 pandemic. METHODS Our data stem from an adult cohort created to prospectively investigate the relationship between diet and morbidity and mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil. For this stu...

Objective To analyze the contribution of ultra-processed foods to the intake of free sugars among different age groups in Australia. Methods Dietary intakes of 12,153 participants from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2011–12) aged 2+ years were evaluated. Food items collected through two 24-h recalls were classified according...

Ultra-processed food consumption has been associated with several health outcomes such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The deleterious nutrient profile of these products, and the presence of food additives, neoformed contaminants and contact materials such as phthalates and bisphenol may be some of the potential pathway...

Objetivo: Descrever características da alimentação dos participantes da coorte NutriNet Brasil imediatamente antes e na vigência da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Os dados deste estudo provêm de coorte de adultos criada para investigar prospectivamente a relação entre alimentação e morbimortalidade por doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis no Brasil....

We examined the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and adiposity in a nationally representative sample of the UK adult population. We studied 6,143 participants (19 to 96 years, 51.6% female) sampled by the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–16). Food items reported in four-day food diary were classified according...

Download i Portal de Livros abertos da USP http://www.livrosabertos.sibi.usp.br/portaldelivrosUSP/catalog/book/442 This book presents a table with carbon, water and ecological footprints of foods and culinary preparations consumed in Brazil, a tool developed to enable the studies of a thesis named The food and its environmental impacts: approaches...

Objectives To describe dietary sources of free sugars in different age groups of the UK population considering food groups classified according to the NOVA system and to estimate the proportion of excessive free sugars that could potentially be avoided by reducing consumption of their main sources. Design and setting Cross-sectional data from the...