María Luisa Humanes

University Rey Juan Carlos

Changes in the media and journalistic ecosystems have placed audiences in a more active position not only in terms of media and content selection but also with respect to their own participation in the creation of this content. And journalistic media increasingly make editorial decisions based on audience demands. On other hand, the essence of jour...

Basado en un análisis de contenido de noticias de 12 medios de comunicación en Es-paña (n = 6 088), el trabajo analiza la presencia de los roles periodísticos que abordan las audiencias: de servicio, infoentretenimiento y cívico. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que el rol de infoentretenimiento es el más presente, y que es muy similar la pr...

Based on a content analysis of a sample of news from 12 media outlets from Spain (n = 6 088), the study analyzes the presence of three journalistic roles that address audiences: service, infotainment, and civic. The data has shown that the infotainment role is the most present in the four platforms analyzed, while the presence of the service and ci...

This study examines the perceived relevance and implementation of competing normative ideals in journalism in times of increasing use of digital technology in newsrooms. Based on survey and content analysis data from 37 countries, we found a small positive relationship between the use of digital research tools and “watchdog” performance. However, a...

This paper delves into the challenges faced by scientists to effectively communicate regarding photoprotection and skin cancer as a result of the pervasive, harmful effects of disinforming messages. In order to do so, the Spanish population’s understanding of photoprotection and skin cancer is examined. This paper is as an extension of the COMUNICA...

The impact of socio-political variables on journalism is an ongoing concern of comparative research on media systems and professional cultures. However, they have rarely been studied systematically across diverse cases, particularly outside Western democracies, and existing studies that compare western and non-western contexts have mainly focused o...

This paper examines journalistic role performance in coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on a content analysis of newspaper, television, radio and online news in 37 countries. We test a set of hypotheses derived from two perspectives on the role of journalism in health crises. Mediatization theories assume that news media tend to sensationaliz...

Diferentes investigaciones han puesto de manifiesto cómo los crecientes procesos de polarización están configurando nuestras sociedades y la relación entre ciudadanos, instituciones y medios de comunicación. Este estudio busca enfocarse en la llamada polarización de audiencias, entendida como una consecuencia de la progresiva exposición selectiva –...

p>Studies suggest that, at the routine level, news beats function as unique “micro-cultures.” Exploring this “particularist” approach in news content, we compare how the interventionist, watchdog, loyal, service, infotainment, and civic roles materialize across 11 thematic news beats and analyze the moderating effect of platforms, ownership, and le...

p>Studies suggest that, at the routine level, news beats function as unique “micro-cultures.” Exploring this “particularist” approach in news content, we compare how the interventionist, watchdog, loyal, service, infotainment, and civic roles materialize across 11 thematic news beats and analyze the moderating effect of platforms, ownership, and le...

Studies suggest that, at the routine level, news beats function as unique “micro-cultures.” Exploring this “particularist” approach in news content, we compare how the interventionist, watchdog, loyal, service, infotainment, and civic roles materialize across 11 thematic news beats and analyze the moderating effect of platforms, ownership, and leve...

A raíz de los recientes brotes de enfermedades, varios investigadores han señalado que el modelo de Comunicación de Riesgos en Crisis y Emergencias (CERC) es útil para orientar la comunicación estratégica durante emergencias sanitarias. Resulta prioritario observar qué papel tiene este modelo en la producción científica internacional. Se ha realiza...

In the wake of recent disease outbreaks, several researchers have pointed out that Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) model is useful for guiding strategic communication during health emergencies. It is a priority to see what role this model plays in the international scientific literature. A systematic review of 90 articles published i...

The shifting role of journalism in a digital age has affected long-standing journalistic norms across media platforms. This has reinvigorated discussion on how work in online newsrooms compares to other platforms that differ in media affordances and forms. Still, more studies are needed on whether those differences translate into distinct practices...

Partiendo del argumento que sustenta que las plataformas mediáticas generan microculturas periodísticas y que la naturaleza de los roles periodísticos es contextual, se aborda la posible existencia de un modelo periodístico de los medios nativos digitales coherente con una cultura profesional propia. A través de un análisis de contenido de una mues...

Resumen A partir de la conceptualización de Mellado (2015, 2021) sobre la performance de los roles profesio-nales, manifestados en seis diferentes dimensiones: los roles intervencionista, vigilante, leal-facilitador, servicio, info-entretenimiento y cívico, se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de una muestra de 554 noticias sobre deportes publi...

The literature on selective exposure has shown that ideology and voting govern media consumption decisions, but longitudinal studies are still scarce. To fill this gap, this work analyzes: (a) whether selective exposure guided by ideology and partisanship to three media types (television, radio, and newspapers) is a stable phenomenon in Spain (2008...

On the basis of the argument that media platforms generate journalistic micro-cultures and that the nature of journalistic roles is contextual, the possible existence of a journalistic model of digital native media coherent with its own professional culture is addressed. Through a content analysis of a sample of 2,729 news items published in four S...

Many studies have shown how the increasing polarization processes shape our societies and the relationship between citizens, institutions and media. This study aims to focus on the so-called polarization the audience, understood as a consequence of the progressive selective exposure -ideological, in this case- that reduces the amount of information...

Communication research underlines two types of selective exposure to the media: one guided by ideological-partisan affiliations and one guided by interest in politics. This work will compare both motivations in the consumption of political information through three media types (digital press, television, and radio) by Spanish citizens during the 20...

Las dos principales marcas tradicionales de noticias en España son las cadenas de televisión Antena 3 y La sexta, pertenecientes a Atresmedia, con las que el grupo mantiene una doble oferta informativa. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal medir la presencia de los roles periodísticos vigilante, info-entretenimiento y cívico en los informativ...

Based on a content analysis of 33,640 news stories from the Journalistic Role Performance project, this paper analyzes how civic, service and infotainment roles connect with thematic beats and vary across media organizations and cultures. We examine differences in role performance across politics, economics, crime, social affairs, court, and miscel...

This article explores the uses of sources in coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in social media posts of mainstream news organizations in Brazil, Chile, Germany, Mexico, Spain, the U.K., and the U.S. Based on computational content analysis, our study analyzes the sources and actors present in more than 940,000 posts on COVID-19 published in the 227...

La investigación en comunicación señala que existen dos grandes tipos de exposición selectiva a los medios de comunicación: una guiada por la ideología o la identificación partidista, y otra que obedece al interés de los ciudadanos por los asuntos públicos. En este trabajo, exploramos y comparamos por primera vez el potencial explicativo de ambas m...

Beyond Journalistic Norms contests and challenges pre-established assumptions about a dominant type of journalism prevailing in different political, economic, and geographical contexts, to posit the hybrid, fluid and dynamic nature of journalistic roles. The book brings together scholars from Western and Eastern Europe, North America, Latin Americ...

Based on a standardized operationalization of the watchdog, civic, interventionist, loyal-facilitator, infotainment, and service roles, this study combines survey ( N = 643) and content analysis data ( N = 19,908) to explain gaps between newspaper journalists’ role conceptions and the performance of their press organizations in nine countries from...

Los factores característicos de la nueva estructura institucional en la que se desarrolla la investigación sobre comunicación en la actualidad estarían impulsando la implantación de una cultura científica ya globalizada que presiona a los ámbitos científicos nacionales o regionales, antes todavía en alguna medida autónomos y con manifestaciones idi...

La revolución tecnológica generada por la digitalización y las transformaciones ligadas a la globalización económica y comercial en las industrias culturales y creativas han situado a la investigación sobre comunicación en una posición de centralidad en las ciencias sociales actuales. Las disciplinas científicas de este ámbito (sociología, psicolog...

This study proposes the interventionist and the detached orientations to watchdog journalism through the conceptual lens of journalistic role performance. Based on a content analysis of 33,640 news stories from sixty-four media outlets in eighteen countries, we measure and compare both orientations across different countries using three performativ...

Currently, the transformations occurring in media systems (especially those relating to technologies, the Internet and social networks) have led to a renewed interest in analysing the conditions that potentially foster selective exposure and, specifically, politically-oriented selection. As a result, that theory is now among the 21st century’s top...

Based on a survey of 122 journalists from four Spanish newspapers carried out from 2015 to 2016, this paper analyses to what extent these professionals perceive a disconnection -a gap- between their role conception and their perceived role enactment, that is between their professional ideals and their journalistic practice, and which are the most "...

Previous research has largely explored the differences and similarities between print and digital media in terms of news cycles and specific content characteristics. However, fewer studies have addressed the extent to which the media platform accounts for differences in the performance of key journalistic roles. Based on a content analysis of 1519...

Based on a content analysis of 2,278 news items from four Spanish newspapers, this article reports the findings of a study that examines the presence of the interventionist, watchdog, loyal-facilitator, service, infotainment, and civic roles in news content as well as the factors that predict the presence of such roles in news content. We find that...

Influential research on comparative media systems identifies distinctive models according to which certain countries—particularly advanced democracies— share key features in their journalistic cultures. Revisionist literature has not only emphasized the limitations of such models, but also highlighted the hybridization of journalistic cultures else...

Durante el desarrollo de uno de los episodios del conflicto palestino – israelí tuvo lugar la Operación Margen Protector, que atrajo la atención de la prensa hacia uno de los conflictos internacionales más largos de la historia. Esta investigación se centra en la cobertura que dos periódicos españoles dedicaron a este hecho: ABC y La Vanguardia. A...

El periodismo iberoamericano a lo largo de las últimas cinco décadas ha afianzado su marco identitario, claramente diferenciado de un tipo de periodismo estándar procedente del hemisferio norte, fundamentalmente de Europa y Estados Unidos, asimilado hasta hoy día como modelo o prototipo ideal. Este giro paradójico, afianzador de la conciencia de un...

En España, recientes estudios han demostrado que el consumo de información política se ajusta al argumento de la exposición selectiva orientada por las predisposiciones ideológicas y políticas (Berganza y Martín LLaguno, 2001; Humanes, 2014; 2016). No obstante, estos trabajos no han tomado en cuenta otras variables –como el interés político- que pu...

Most comparative research on journalistic objectivity, and particularly the relation between objectivity and professional roles, has been carried out in the context of Western media systems and from the perspective of journalists’ role conceptions. However, the relation between role performance and the implementation of the objectivity norm remains...

El artículo analiza la presencia de las características del método objetivo en las noticias publicadas en diarios de Chile, México y España. El método objetivo predomina en los tres países; sin embargo, en los diarios latinoamericanos se concreta sobre todo en el uso de citas, mientras que sus colegas españoles manifiestan el empleo de la objetivid...

This paper analyzes the presence of the objective method in the news published in the Chilean, Mexican and Spanish press. The reporting strategies linked to journalistic objectivity predominate in the three countries. While in the Chilean and Mexican press the objective method is more present through the use of quotes, their Spanish colleagues expr...

Through a cross-longitudinal news content analysis of 6.567 news articles published in two of the main national newspapers in Chile, this article addresses the evolution of the thematic agenda of both the elite and popular press -La Tercera y Las Últimas Noticias- between 1990 and 2015, specifically, at the level of the homogeneity and plurality in...

Se examina mediante un análisis de contenido la representación fotográfica de la crisis de los refugiados sirios en Europa central, acaecida entre mediados de 2015 y los primeros meses de 2016. El objetivo básico es identificar y clasificar los componentes denotativos y connotativos presentes en las fotografías, como documentos informativos visuale...

Periodismo y democracia son dos conceptos fuertemente aso-ciados en nuestro imaginario. Entre ellos existen múltiples in-terdependencias. Sin el primero no existe la segunda. El pe-riodismo sirve para múltiples funciones democráticas como la información, la investigación, el análisis, la creación de víncu-los sociales y comunidades, el debate públi...

El artículo analiza cómo se reflejan en el contenido de las noticias las relaciones entre actores políticos y medios de comunicación en España, tomando como referencia la teoría de la mediatización, y en concreto la mediatización de los contenidos. Se ha optado por la perspectiva de análisis longitudinal, que permite observar la evolución de estas...

This paper studies the visual framing components through a photojournalistic analysis applied to digital media outlets on the crisis of Syrian refugees in central Europe, which occurred between mid-2015 and early 2016. The main objective is to identify and classify the denotative and connotative components of the photographs as visual documents wit...

Introduction: This article describes and analyses the policies applicable to Spain’s national public broadcaster’s governance model that were adopted in November 2011, when the conservative party Partido Popular (PP) came to power. The specific reforms and their implications for the News Services of Televisión Española (Spanish Television, TVE) are...

Introducción: Se describe y analizan las políticas adoptadas en España con respecto al modelo de gobierno de TVE tras ganar el Partido Popular las elecciones de 2011. Se abordan las reformas y sus implicaciones para los Servicios Informativos de Televisión Española, así como las consecuencias en la información y el nivel de pluralismo. Metodología:...

Based on a cross-longitudinal content analysis of 3,624 political news stories published by Chilean national newspapers between 1990 and 2010, this study analyzes the changes and patterns in the reporting styles of the political press by examining the value of objective and analytical reporting used by professional journalists. The study presents e...

El propósito del libro es servir de apoyo a la docencia relacionada con las asignaturas de métodos y técnicas de investigación en comunicación, tanto en el nivel de grado como de postgrado. Una de las mayores dificultades de la enseñanza de los métodos y técnicas de investigación es pasar del nivel teórico al práctico, y motivar al alumnado para qu...

Durante la Transición los periodistas españoles tuvieron la oportunidad de iniciar un proceso de profesionalización que les condujo hacia mayores niveles de autonomía frente al poder político. Al lado tenían a una clase política que también necesitaba legitimarse en el nuevo sistema democrático, y para ello requería la colaboración de los medios de...

El liderazgo en relaciones públicas y gestión de comunicación desempeña un papel determinante en el éxito de las organizaciones, especialmente de aquellas que actúan dentro de un contexto económico global, dinámico y altamente competitivo (ej. Meng, 2013; Berger & Meng, 2010; Berger & Reber, 2006; Berger, Reber & Heyman, 2007; Werder & Holzhausen,...

Based on a survey of 4,393 journalism students in Australia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States, this study provides much-needed comparative evidence about students’ motivations for becoming journalists, their future job plans, and expectations. Findings show not only an almost universal decline in studen...

This research examines the attitudes of Journalism students towards educational innovation with a cross-national survey in seven countries. The goal is to observe the importance given by students to the educational innovation among a set of tasks, which professors have to develop in their academic work. The Spanish Journalism students underestimate...

El liderazgo en relaciones públicas y gestión de comunicación desempeña un papel determinante en el éxito de las organizaciones, especialmente de aquellas que actúan dentro de un contexto económico global, dinámico y altamente competitivo (ej. Meng, 2013; Berger & Meng, 2010; Berger & Reber, 2006; Berger, Reber & Heyman, 2007; Werder & Holzhausen,...

According to Lazarsfeld, Berelson and Gaudet (1948), the effect of the media is limited by selection, attention and retention processes and individuals seek to reinforce their previous predispositions when selecting media outlets. We now see a resurgence of proposals that affirm, once again, the minimal effect of the media and survival of the theor...

Este artículo analiza el liderazgo en el sector de las relaciones públicas y la gestión de la comunicación en España. Siguiendo el modelo conceptual de Meng y Berger (2011), se abordan los requisitos y características de los ‘líderes excelentes’, sus creencias y percepciones sobre el liderazgo, los desa - fíos que afrontan en la actualidad, así com...

According to Lazarsfeld, Berelson and Gaudet (1948), the effect of the media is limited by selection, attention and retention processes and individuals seek to reinforce their previous predispositions when selecting media outlets. We now see a resurgence of proposals that affirm, once again, the minimal effect of the media and survival of the theor...

Leadership in public relations and communication management in Spain is analyzed in this paper. Following Meng and Berger's conceptual model (2011), the prerequisites and characteristics of outstanding leaders in communication are examined, as are their personal beliefs and perceptions about leadership, the major challenges facing Spanish leaders i...

La cobertura de la política durante la Transición en los diarios El País y ABC

Desde la teoría de los Usos y Gratificaciones, el objetivo de este trabajo es comparar los hábitos y razones del consumo televisivo juvenil en la pantalla tradicional y en el ordenador. A partir de una encuesta aplicada a una muestra de 213 estudiantes de primero a tercero de titulaciones de grado de ciencias sociales de la Universidad Rey Juan Car...

This research examines the attitudes of Journalism students towards educational innovation with a cross-national survey in seven countries. The goal is to observe the importance given by students to the educational innovation among a set of tasks, which professors have to develop in their academic work. The Spanish Journalism students underestimate...

The paper presents the results of a survey of 1,552 journalism students from five public universities in Spain during academic year 2011-12. The research addresses two objectives: how students evaluate journalism as a degree subject and whether they believe they need this qualification to be a journalist. The results indicate that most students bel...

Resumen: Introducción: El artículo se articula en dos objetivos generales. En primer lugar se intenta verificar si la información televisiva de las cadenas generalistas se rige por el dominio del pluralismo externo como característica distintiva del sistema de medios pluralista-polarizado, tal como han expuesto Hallin y Mancini. El segundo propósit...

Introducción: El artículo se articula en dos objetivos generales. En primer lugar se intenta verificar si la información televisiva de las cadenas generalistas se rige por el dominio del pluralismo externo como característica distintiva del sistema de medios pluralista-polarizado, tal como han expuesto Hallin y Mancini. El segundo propósito se cent...

Introduction: This article has two main objectives. Firstly, it attempts to determine whether the news content of the mainstream Spanish television channels is governed by external pluralism which is a distinguishing feature of the polarised-pluralist media system, as exposed by Hallin and Mancini. The second objective is to address the relation th...

Introduction: This article has two main objectives. Firstly, it attempts to determine whether the news content of the mainstream Spanish television channels is governed by external pluralism which is a distinguishing feature of the polarised-pluralist media system, as exposed by Hallin and Mancini. The second objective is to address the relation th...

The general aim is to characterize Spanish political journalism through the discourse of editors of the po­ litical sections, to verify the extent to which it conforms to the model of a polarized pluralist media sys­ tem. In Spain has had a consolidated advocacy oriented journalism, which either made the journalist part of the party or organization...

Based on a survey of 570 Chilean new media journalists, this article examines how they perceive autonomy in their everyday work, the importance they give to autonomy as a professional value, as well as the factors that influence their perceived editorial freedom. The results show that Chilean journalists acknowledge a high level of freedom in makin...

Blogs have strengthened its position as an online communication tool to increase the dialogue between organizations and their publics, and this thanks to their interactive capacity and easy use. Although blogs didn’t enjoy the popularity and swift penetration of social networks, Spanish companies are gradually incorporating this channel to their Pu...

During election campaigns the agenda setting effect is of particular interest because the media are a privileged channel for the information about the candidates. We studied the transfer of importance on the campaign issues in the 2008 elections in Spain. We used a logistic regression with the post-election survey data from CIS to explain the agend...

La investigación que presentamos en este artículo tiene como objetivo la descripción de las características fundamentales de la información periodística en televisión. Para ello hemos realizado un análisis de contenido de los noticiarios de las cinco cadenas de ámbito estatal en el horario de noche. El estudio se centra en las siguientes cuestiones...