María Josefina Escobar- PhD in Psychotherapy
- Researcher at Adolfo Ibáñez University
María Josefina Escobar
- PhD in Psychotherapy
- Researcher at Adolfo Ibáñez University
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-9479
About
45
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Introduction
Current institution
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August 2013 - February 2016
Publications
Publications (45)
Many studies have shown that adopted adolescents present more behavioral problems than non-adopted adolescents do. However, few studies have been published about national adoption in South America, even though this is the most common type of adoption in these countries. The goal of this study was to examine the differences in behavioral problems be...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogenous disorder, commonly described for presenting difficulties in sustained attention, response inhibition, and organizing goal-oriented behaviors. However, along with its traditionally described executive dysfunction, more than half of the children diagnosed with ADHD have been reported t...
The lifespan is influenced by adverse childhood experiences that create predispositions to poor health outcomes. Here we propose an allostatic framework of childhood experiences and their impact on health across the lifespan, focusing on Latin American and Caribbean countries. This region is marked by significant social and health inequalities nest...
Under usual circumstances, without a global pandemic, numerous parents might encounter stress associated with their roles as caregivers. However, with the added impact of the health crisis and the widespread adoption of lockdown measures, family routines were disrupted as many parents found themselves spending more time at home. Most caregivers had...
Despite its significant growth over the past fifteen years, research on parental burnout is just beginning to explore the relationships of the syndrome with child behavior. Previous research with adolescents has shown the existence of associations between parental burnout and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the offspring. The current s...
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition, that continues to have an elusive etiological background. A number of extant models and theories have historically intended to explain the many factors contributing to ADHD behaviors. One of the most accepted hypotheses has been the executive dysfunctio...
This study focuses on understanding the relationship between moral disengagement mechanisms in adolescents who engage in law-breaking activities and those who violate school norms. To do so, we administered the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale (MMDS), which evaluates moral justification, euphemistic labeling, advantageous comparison, deflect...
What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first det...
For families all over the world, going through a pandemic has presented a number of challenges. In particular, social distancing measures involving the closure of schools and day care centers, as well as increasing work hours at home, made parents face very demanding situations. However, we know little about whether parents’ burnout levels are infl...
COVID-19 has affected the population’s mental health, increasing the risk of parental burnout (Griffith, 2020), defined as a syndrome resulting from long-term exposure to chronic stress of parents in their role as caregivers (Mikolajczak et al. 2019). This phenomenon can have serious implications for the upbringing and normal development of childre...
Parental burnout is a unique and context-specific syndrome resulting from a chronic imbalance of risks over resources in the parenting domain. The current research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) across Spanish-speaking countries with two consecutive studies. In Study 1, w...
Impact and Implications
The results of this unique international study by the International Investigation of Parental Burnout – which includes Western and non-Western countries across the globe – point to the importance of considering parental burnout as a syndrome helping to meet specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Of all the potentiall...
La pandemia por COVID-19 que afectó al mundo entero ha traído desafíos complejos, especialmente para las familias con niños y adolescentes. Se ha descrito que el impacto del encierro o confinamiento de la pandemia sobre la salud mental ha sido devastador, ya que ha limitado los recursos con los que las familias contaban, incrementando en los cuidad...
The concept of cognitive reserve –CR– postulates two forms that prevent cognitive impairment: neural reserve and neural compensation. Both have been primarily linked to the protective role played by genetic factors, educational level, occupation or socioeconomic status. Though it is true that it has been related to executive functions, so far very...
Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively...
Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. The persistence of this behavior throughout adulthood has fascinated and puzzled many researchers. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by triggering social support intentions. Initial experimental studie...
Working memory (WM) impairments in ADHD have been consistently reported along with deficits in attentional control. Yet, it is not clear which specific WM processes are affected in this condition. A deficient coupling between attention and WM has been reported. Nevertheless, most studies focus on the capacity to retain information rather than on th...
Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and mainly human phenomenon. The persistence of this behavior throughout adulthood has fascinated and puzzled many researchers. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue that binds individuals together and triggers social support intentions. Initi...
El presente capítulo muestra los resultados de un estudio en apego con adolescentes adoptados tardíamente en Chile y se discute sobre la importancia del acompañamiento post adopción para favorecer el vínculo en familias adoptivas. Del estudio participaron 25 adolescentes adoptados y 25 adolescentes que crecieron en sus familias biológicas. Para eva...
Low agreement between self-reports and parent reports of the behavioral adjustment of adolescents has been widely documented in the literature. However, it has been little studied in connection with adoptees. In the current research, the magnitude of agreement between reports of adolescents’ behavioral problems given by the adolescents themselves a...
Nuestro objetivo en este estudio es describir la representación de la relación terapéutica desde la perspectiva de adolescentes en psicoterapia, y explorar los cambios en esta representación durante la terapia. El diseño es transversal, descriptivo, de carácter cualitativo, sustentado en entrevistas en profundidad. Hemos hecho el análisis con base...
This study aims to describe the therapeutic relationship from the
perspective of teenagers undergoing a psychotherapeutic process. It specifically describes the central
aspects of the way adolescents represent their relationship with the therapist and it explores how that
representation changes over the course of therapy. The methodological design...
La monoparentalidad en contexto de pobreza ha sido asociada a dificultades en el desempeño parental, afectando negativamente en la salud mental infantil. Producto de los recientes cambios sociales de incorporación de la mujer al mundo laboral y el aumento en la cantidad de mujeres jefas de hogar, han aumentado las investigaciones que buscan compren...
La monoparentalidad en contexto de pobreza ha sido asociada a dificultades en el desempeño parental, afectando negativamente en la salud mental infantil. Producto de los recientes cambios sociales de incorporación de la
mujer al mundo laboral y el aumento en la cantidad de mujeres jefas de hogar, han aumentado las investigaciones que buscan compren...
This study aims to psychometrically validate the Chilean version of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test ASSIST. Specifically, this study is interested in evaluating the reliability, consistency and concurrent and discriminant validity of this instrument. The sample was composed for a total of 400 people from four different...
The present study examined neural responses associated with moral sensitivity in adolescents with a background of early social deprivation. Using high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG), brain activity was measured during an intentional inference task, which assesses rapid moral decision-making regarding intentional or unintentional harm to peo...
The present study examined neural responses associated with moral sensitivity in adolescents with a background of early social deprivation. Using high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG), brain activity was measured during an intentional inference task, which assesses rapid moral decision-making regarding intentional or unintentional harm to peo...
Supplementary data
Research suggests that individuals with different attachment patterns process social information differently, especially in terms of facial emotion recognition. However, few studies have explored social information processes in adolescents. This study examined the behavioral and ERP correlates of emotional processing in adolescents with different a...
Este artículo es una revisión teórica de los postulados de Peter Fonagy respecto a los Trastornos de PersonalidadBorderline (TPB) y su propuesta de abordaje a través de la psicoterapia basada en la mentalización. A partirde la revisión se concluye que el modelo planteado para comprender el desarrollo de TPB y los lineamientospara realizar intervenc...
Este artículo es una revisión teórica de los postulados de Peter Fonagy respecto a los Trastornos de PersonalidadBorderline (TPB) y su propuesta de abordaje a través de la psicoterapia basada en la mentalización. A partirde la revisión se concluye que el modelo planteado para comprender el desarrollo de TPB y los lineamientospara realizar intervenc...
Purpose:
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent disorders in childhood and adolescence. Both neurocognitive and environmental factors have been related to ADHD. The current study contributes to the documentation of the predictive relation between early attachment deprivation and ADHD.
Method:
Data were co...
The focus of this study is on the description of attachment patterns in adopted adolescents, taking into consideration the age when they were adopted and a comparison with the control group of non-adopted adolescents paired by age, gender, educational level and socio-economic level. Participants: 25 adolescents adopted at the age of 6 months of old...
Objective:
Several longitudinal studies had shown that early deprivation and institutionalization during the first six months of life affects the emotional, cognitive, social and neurophysiologic development. Nevertheless, our understanding of possible similar effects of delayed institutionalization, in preschool-age remains unclear to this day. T...
This study examines performance of schizophrenia patients, unaffected relatives and controls in social cognition, cognitive and psychiatric scales looking for possible markers of vulnerability in schizophrenia. Performance of schizophrenia patients from multiplex families, first-degree relatives, and matched controls was compared and, subsequently,...
Objective: Several longitudinal studies had shown that early deprivation and institutionalization during the first six months of life affects the emotional, cognitive, social and neurophysiologic development. Nevertheless, our understanding of possible similar effects of delayed institutionalization, in preschool-age remains unclear to this day. Th...
This study examines performance of schizophrenia patients, unaffected relatives and controls in social cognition, cognitive and psychiatric scales looking for possible markers of vulnerability in schizophrenia. Performance of schizophrenia patients from multiplex families, first-degree relatives, and matched controls was compared and, subsequently,...
Gestures should play a role in second language comprehension, given their importance in conveying contextual information. In this study, the N400 and the LPC were evaluated in a task involving the observation of videos showing utterances accompanied by gestures. Students studying advanced (G-High participants) and basic German (G-Low participants)...
The editors of this book have assembled essays that present us with the idea that social processes and brain processes seem not to be as separate as many of our departments of Social Sciences and Neuroscience. Socio-sciences study social phenomena from Neuroscience, and are some of the most promising emerging developments in Cognitive Sciences and...
Este estudio tiene por objeto determinar la relación que existe entre los patrones de apego de madres adolescentes con sus figuras primarias y la presencia o ausencia de riesgo relacional con sus bebés recién nacidos, en el marco de la teoría de la persistencia transgeneracional del apego. Se considera de manera específica variables psicosociales,...
