Maria-Carmen Guisan

• Graduate and Doctorate in Economics
• Professor at University of Santiago de Compostela

El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a la visibilidad de las mujeres investigadoras de Economía, tanto en España como en Europa, América y otras áreas geográficas, durante el período 1970-2020. Basándonos en la información de las bases Dialnet e Ideas-Repec, destacamos a muchas de las investigadoras más cualificadas, teniendo en cuenta varios...

Este informe presenta as etapas da Revista Galega de Economía (RGE), logo de cumprir máis de 25 anos de existencia, o que a converte na revista galega de Economía de maior duración. Tamén incluímos información sobre outras revistas de investigación económica publicadas en Galicia, sobre todo as enfocadas cara o desenvolvemento económico, as publica...

Presentamos unha contribución á historia da investigación económica en Galicia no período 1967-2017, a través da realización e dirección de numerosas teses doutorais, con especial referencia ao período 1992-2017 e enlazando a información académica de directores e autores. Tamén presentamos un resumo da información do período 1967- 1991 xa publicada...

Galicia é unha rexión con grandes atractivos de calidade de vida que precisa consolidar un desenvolvemento sostible para impulsar o emprego e a renda real por habitante cara aos niveis de rexións españolas e europeas máis avanzadas. A economía de Galicia experimentou importantes cambios nos 50 anos do período 1967-2017, con aspectos positivos como...

Galicia é unha rexión do Norte de España con excelentes factores que contribúen á calidade de vida pero con insuficientes empregos e salarios, polo que se enfronta con problemas de perda de poboación en moitas bisbarras. Analizamos os movementos de emigración interior e exterior. A poboación xubilada contribúe coas súas rendas a manter a vitalidade...

Galicia is a region in Northern Spain with excellent conditions for a good standard of life, yet facing the problem of population loss in many counties, due to low wages and the lack of creation of sufficient jobs. This leads to internal and external emigration. The retired population contributes, with their income, to maintain vitality in many of...

We analyze economic development of 42 European and Eurasian Countries for the period 2005-2015, and show the negative consequences of the EU austerity policies on the European Union as whole and in many countries. The study includes 25 European Union countries: 14, out of EU15 countries with accession before 1996, and 11 with accession afterwards,...

We analyze the evolution of manufacturing and non manufacturing activities in 132 countries for the period 2000-2015, including a summary based on 4 previous studies. For the period 2000-2010 we find that the average real value-added of manufacturing per capita in Africa has been very low in both years, from 278 to 282 Dollars at 2005 prices and PP...

Neste estudo presentamos unha síntese da evolución do desenvolvemento económico rexional de España durante 25 anos no período 1986-2013. Malia que o incremento tanto do emprego non agrario como da renda real por habitante foi positivo en todas as Comunidades Autónomas, hai que constatar que moitas rexións poderían ter experimentado un incremento ma...

No período 2007-2013 a economía de Galicia e de España experimentou unha diminución de produción e emprego seguida dunha lixeira recuperación no período 2014-2017. Esta recuperación é bienvida pero non é suficiente para impulsar o desenvolvemento económico, porque a produción industrial por habitante non está experimentando a necesaria converxencia...

As stated in previous work (Aka 2016) the Basic Income Grant (BIG) could represent a powerful policy of changing the Ivorian society, and the building block of financial, economic and social inclusion through prosperity sharing in Côte d'Ivoire. The political will and courage are needed for implementation of this achievable challenge and internatio...

In the period 2007-2013 the economy of Galicia and Spain experienced a decrease in production and employment followed by a slight recovery in the period 2014-2017. This recovery is welcome but not sufficient to boost economic development, because industrial production per inhabitant is not experiencing the necessary convergence towards more advance...

We analyze the evolution of employment by sector, production and wages in 5 European countries for a period of fifty years (1965-2015). We have estimated the elasticities Employment/Output with a model in levels (by LS and GLS) and a mixed dynamic model (by LS). The elasticity estimated in the model in levels by GLS and in the mixed dynamic model b...

Industrial production per head has usually increased in EU countries and regions for the period 2005-2007, but for the period 2007-2013 it has diminished in many countries and regions, with negative consequences for employment, wages and economic development. We analyze the important positive impact of industry for regional development, in the peri...

We present a comparison of rates of employment by sector and gender in 17 Spanish regions related with real value-added per capita by sector. We also present a comparison of 96 EU regions at NUTS1 level. We find that employment opportunities in services have strong positive effect on female employment, which has experienced a great increase in the...

We analyse the evolution of real valued-added by sector accordingly to two approaches: production and income in Spain in comparison with Germany, the USA and other OECD countries. We found that the quick increase of employment in Building and Services in Spain for the period 1995-2007 was unsustainable due to the lack of an even evolution of Indust...

We analyze regional employment by sector and gender in Spain and found that the highest values for women participation in labour correspond to services where the rates of male and females employed people, per one thousand inhabitants, in year 2009 was 287 of which 154 (54%) are women and 133 (46%) are men. These figures are below those of the USA a...

To achieve the United Nations MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) in less developed Asian countries it is required to increase international cooperation to reach higher educational level of population and investment per head. In this article we analyze the evolution of economic development and poverty count in 30 countries of Asia and Pacific, and...

We analyze women participation, in economic and social activities, in Europe for the period 2000-2007, and the positive effects of education, quality of government and economic development on quality of life and female participation. We estimate some econometric models which have into account the positive impact of education in gender equality oppo...

The main aim of this article is to analyze the effects of industrial and trade policy of the European Union on economic development, with particular reference to the negative effects of excessive trade deficits and industrial decline in some EU countries in the period 2000-2010. We compare 5 major EU countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the...

For the period 2004-2010 many OECD countries have experienced a decline in industrial real value-added per capita with negative consequences for domestic economic development, and labour markets, not only in industry but also in services and other production sectors. Free competition policies lead to unfair competition when taxes, and other compuls...

En este estudio se analizan algunos aspectos de la teoría y de la sociología del conocimiento, que son de especial relevancia para la evolución científica de la Econometría y de la Economía. Se destacan algunas contribuciones de la Econometría Aplicada al avance de la Economía y del desarrollo económico en algunos países, así como su insuficiente i...

Este análisis comparativo del empleo y el desarrollo económico de España con Alemania, Francia, Italia y Gran Bretaña tiene por objeto analizar las causas que explican los menores niveles de renta real, salarios y tasas de empleo en España en comparación con dichos países, y recomendar las políticas económicas que pueden tener un impacto más favora...

This comparative analysis of employment and economic development of Spain with Germany, France, Italy and Britain is addressed to analyze the causes that explain the lower levels of real income, wages and employment rates in Spain in comparison with those countries, and recommend economic policies that can be more favourable to reduce the high unem...

We analyze regional employment by sector and gender in Spain and found that the highest values for women participation in labour correspond to services where the rates of male and females employed people, per one thousand inhabitants, in year 2009 was 287 of which 154 (54%) are women and 133 (46%) are men. These figures are below those of the USA a...

Analizamos la evolución del PIB por habitante en varias áreas del mundo durante el período 2000-2010, teniendo en cuenta la relación positiva entre industria y desarrollo y el efecto negativo del excesivo endeudamiento exterior. Constatamos que el conjunto de la OCDE y América Latina son las áreas en las que ha habido un mayor impacto de la crisis...

Este documento es una versión actualizada del Capítulo 4 del libro de Guisan, Cancelo, Aguayo y Díaz(2001), y en él analizamos las disparidades regionales que existen en la UE, especialmente en la distribución del nivel educativo y del gasto en investigación y desarrollo. Estimaremos un modelo econométrico que pone de relieve el importante efecto p...

Este documento es una versión actualizada del Capítulo 3 del libro de Guisán, Cancelo, Aguayo y Díaz(2001). El interés de este estudio está en analizar la importancia de la industria sobre la renta y el empleo de las regiones europeas, no sólo por su efecto positivo directo sino también por sus efectos positivos indirectos sobre otros sectores prod...

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores que explican la presencia de las mujeres en la vida laboral, económica, política y en las organizaciones sociales en España y en otros países de Europa, Eurasia y América. Para ello utilizamos indicadores de las Naciones Unidas relativos a la igualdad de género y otros indicadores relacionados co...

The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that explain the presence of women in working life, economic, political and social organizations in Spain and other countries in Europe, Eurasia and America. For this purpose we use indicators of the United Nations on gender equality and other indicators related to educational level of population and...

Analizamos la evolución de la disminución de la pobreza en África y Asia, con especial atención al papel de la educación en el proceso de desarrollo socio-económico. También presentamos nuestra perspectiva sobre las prioridades de la cooperación internacional para alcanzar los Objetivos del Milenio de las Naciones Unidas, y otros objetivos positivo...

We analyse the important role of education in economic development and social wellbeing of American countries, including indicators of gender opportunities for development as part of social well-being. In this regard we select some indicators which usually have a great importance for reaching improvements in social well-being such as Government eff...

We analyze the evolution of second homes in the Spanish regions over the period 2001-2007, using this variable as one of the most important indicators of extra-hotel tourism activity, and compare with trends in the previous decade. The main conclusion here is that, despite the housing boom, the annual percentage increase in the number of secondary...

We analyze the relationships between health expenditure, education and several indicators of human well-being in Africa and Asia. The aim is to suggest some priority measures addressed to increase international cooperation and domestic policies successful to improve health expenditure and quality of life accordingly to the Millennium Development Go...

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores que explican la presencia de las mujeres en la vida laboral, económica, política y en las organizaciones sociales en España y en otros países de Europa, Eurasia y América. Para ello utilizamos indicadores de las Naciones Unidas relativos a la igualdad de género y otros indicadores relacionados co...

In this article we present an econometric analysis of the relationship between several indicators of economic development and wellbeing in Europe, the United States and Canada. We calculate a compound index of several indicators based on three groups: 1) Life satisfaction and income per capita, 2) governance indicators based on World Bank, includin...

We analyse the relationships of health, education and income per capita in developed and developing countries in year 2005, as well as the main conclusions of more than sixty studies published by our Association for the period 2001-2009, applied to OECD countries, Latin America, Africa, Asia and World comparisons. We analyse the relationship betwee...

Presentamos un análisis de la evolución del valor añadido real y del empleo sectorial de Galicia en el período 2001-2008, con especial referencia a los importantes efectos positivos que la industria y el turismo tienen sobre el desarrollo de los sectores de servicios y sobre otros sectores productivos. Ha sido un período positivo para la economía g...

Presentamos un análisis de la evolución del valor añadido real y del empleo sectorial de Galicia en el período 2001-2008, con especial referencia a los importantes efectos positivos que la industria y el turismo tienen sobre el desarrollo de los sectores de servicios y sobre otros sectores productivos. Ha sido un período positivo para la economía g...

In this article we present an analysis of several socio-economic indicators related with quality of life, economic development, human capital, social capital and women participation in politics, management, labor and income. We present some econometric models which relate women income ratio with political, management and labor participation, as wel...

Presentamos un análisis de la relación entre la educación, la calidad del Gobierno (mediante dos indicadores: Voz de los ciudadanos y Efectividad del gobierno) y el nivel de desarrollo económico, el cual tiene en cuenta otros factores relevantes como la industria, la inversión y las relaciones económicas internacionales. Analizamos los datos de Amé...

This study presents a comparative analysis of the evolution of manufacturing real value-added per capita in the countries of Europe, Eurasia, America, Africa, Middle East, South Asia, East Asia and Pacific for the period 1999-2006, and its positive impact on the real value-added of services and economic development. We analyze the results of severa...

This study seeks to find out whether there existed an empirically discernable and robust tendency in the world for countries to converge in terms of human development over the last three decades. Human development is measured by the Human Development Index trend and convergence across countries is tested for by the conventional cross-country method...

We analyze the evolution of the exchange rate with Dollar, real output and foreign trade balance in Spain, during the period 1970-2009. We present the estimation of en econometric model that related output growth and real exchange rate with other variables. Applying the monetary policy reaction function and employing the dummy variable technique, t...

Some econometric models try to explain the rate of growth of real Gross Domestic Product per capita as a function or ratios like Investment/GDP or Exports/GDP, with confusing results and conclusions which are misleading when the studies do not show a positive impact of the explanatory variables. Some of these approaches are inspired in the Solow mo...

Analizamos varias etapas des desarrollo económico de España en el período 1965-2008, en comparación con Alemania, Francia, Italia, Gran Bretaña y Estados Unidos. El insuficiente desarrollo industrial de España en los períodos 1975-85, 1990-95 y 2000-2008, en términos de valor añadido real por habitante, explica no sólo un menor crecimiento de la re...

Presentamos un analisis comparativo del desarrollo económico de Filipinas con China, India, Indonesia, Malasia y otros paises del Sur y Este de Asia en 1950-2007, teniendo en cuenta los principales factores que explican el valor del PIB per capita y de algunos indicadores del nivel de bienestar, como el gasto en salud y en educacion por habitante y...

Analizamos la evolución del turismo hotelero en el período 2001-2008, en las regiones y provincias españolas, utilizando las estadísticas de pernoctaciones hoteleras como indicador. Presentamos una síntesis de resultados de varios modelos econométricos del turismo regional en España, tanto en lo que respecta a los factores que influyen en el desarr...

We analyze economic development in Philippines for the period 1990-2006, with special focus on inter-sectoral relationships and the role of foreign trade. We analyze the evolution of real value added of Agriculture, Manufacturing, Industry and Services, and we present an econometric model which shows the important and positive impact of manufacturi...

Two of the main problems of many Latin American countries are poverty and low levels of expenditure on health. In many countries there has been little progress in this regard due to the lack of resources, and thus it is important to focus on the main policies that may improve Latin American development because its positive effect on income per capi...

This article analyzes the evolution of education, health expenditure and economic development in 39 African countries for the period 2000-2005, which shows that the low levels of health expenditure in many Africa countries are far from evolving to the necessary speed to meet the social demand. We find that the main causes of this bad situation are...

We analyze the evolution of sectoral production per inhabitant in EU countries during the period 2000-2005 with special focus in the 6 more populated countries, but although with reference to other European countries. The main aim of the study is to analyze the evolution of industrial development in this period, and to estimate the inter-sectoral e...

We present the estimation of several equations which relate Imports, Exports, Industry and Non-Industrial Services in Northern Africa, India, China, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and other countries. The models have into account supply and demand sides and the important relation between Industrial development and the other variables of the analysis. Th...

In comparison with the USA the European Union (EU) shows more regional disparities in income per inhabitant and in many variables related with socio-economic development, as the educational level of population and the expenditure on education and research. The need to improve EU policies to answer the citizens’ concerns is of uppermost importance....

This article analyzes the evolution of real Gross Domestic Product per head in Latin American Countries for the period 2000-2005 with special focus on the role of industry, foreign trade, and foreign direct investment. We estimate some econometric models and find that these variables have not reached a level of increase enough to guarantee a high r...

We present a comparative analysis of economic development in China and India, having into account the main factors which have favored the increase of real Gdp per capita for the period 1991-2005, with special reference to human capital, industry and foreign trade, by means of the estimation of an econometric model. We compare the increase of real G...

The European Union lags behind the United States both in rates of employment and real wages. This study analyzes the relationship between wages, productivity and human capital in 5 European Union countries: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, in comparison with the USA. Firstly we analyze the role of productivity in the explanatio...

We analyze the evolution of production by sector in 38 countries of Africa, during the period 2000-2005. Although there have been some improvements in a few African countries, we notice that, unfortunately, little progress has been reached regarding industrial production per capita in the majority of the African countries. International cooperation...

This paper presents an analysis and classification causality relationships in Econometrics, with particular focus on economic development, having into account the changes in direction of causality, in disequilibrium models, and other views from demand and supply sides. We analyze the evolution of employment rates, real wages and real Gross Domestic...

In order to analyses the propagation effect, which is of great importance in the analysis of dynamic relationships in studies of Economic Development, here we present a classification of dynamic models, having into account several situations retarding this important effect, including not only models with lags but also models without explicit lags b...

This paper presents a first part in English and a second part in Spanish, with a summary of contributions to Econometrics research in Spain for the period 1956-2006. We focus on the contributions by the pioneers and their disciples in universities all over Spain, accordingly to the information available at several registers and particularly to thei...

We analyse the effectos of tourism and other factors on regional development, including not only hotel tourism but also non hotel tourism, both of them with important effects on building and services activities, in order to compare Spanish regions with European Union regions. We find that while several Spanish regions are outstanding regions in the...

We analyze the main positive effects of human capital on economic development, having into account direct and indirect relationships between the educational level of population and real Gdp per inhabitant through the production function, demographic evolution, industrial development, foreign trade and other effects. We analyze the effects of the ed...

We compare several econometric models of Western Europe, Central Europe, the United States, Canada and Mexico in order to analyze the impact of foreign trade and industry on development Regarding the positive effects of foreign trade it is important to notice that they are more due to the positive role of imports from the supply side than to the ef...

Modelos de oferta y demanda del PIB 31 CAPÍTULO 2 MODELOS DE OFERTA Y DEMANDA DEL PIB Mª Carmen Guisán y Pilar Expósito 2.1. Interdependencia y modelos multiecuacionales Una cuestión importante en el desarrollo de la Econometría Aplicada es el estudio de la causalidad bidireccional, la cual está frecuente en muchas relaciones económicas. En un senc...

MODELOS DE OFERTA Y DEMANDA DE LA INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA, COMERCIO EXTERIOR Y TIPOS DE CAMBIO Mª Carmen Guisán y Mª Teresa Cancelo Resumen: Analizamos la evolución del comercio exterior de 11 países de la OCDE en el período 1975-1990. Estimamos varias ecuaciones de exportación y realizamos contrastes de especificación entre un modelo de oferta y...

Spanish universities have reached in the period 2001-2006 an outstanding increase in scientific production, and occupy a relevant position at European and World level, in Economics and other subjects. In this study we analyze the Spanish situation in comparison with the EU. We find a very low support to RD activities in Spain in comparison with EU...

The main emphasis of labour policies in several EU countries seem to have been addressed during the period 1985-2005 to contain the increases of real wages, under the misleading belief that lower wages could lead the policies to get higher employment rates. We show that the main policies to increase employment rates are not opposite to the increase...

En este estudio presentamos una s�ntesis del desarrollo econ�mico mundial en el per�odo 1980-2005, incluyendo un an�lisis comparativo de la producci�n sectorial, el crecimiento demogr�fico e indicadores de educaci�n, atenci�n a la salud y calidad de vida, de 21 grandes �reas del mundo. Analizamos los principales factores y pol�ticas que pueden impu...

En este estudio presentamos un an�lisis de la econom�a gallega que es continuaci�n del estudio Galicia2000: industria y empleo, en el que analizamos la evoluci�n de los sectores productivos de Galicia en el per�odo 1980-2005, con especial referencia a su impacto sobre el empleo en el per�odo 2001-2005. Se efect�a un an�lisis comparativo con otras r...

Analizamos la evolución del desarrollo económico y del crecimiento demográfico de 38 países de África en el período 2000-2005, en comparación con la media mundial, así como las relaciones entre el nivel de desarrollo y el gasto en salud y educación. Aunque podemos constatar una ligera mejoría en el conjunto de África durante dicho quinquenio, ésta...

Galbraith has developed an original theory on public utilities, that is analyzed and compared with other theories. In the present-day context, with an influential discourse against State intervention, we ask if the arguments of Galbraith are outdated and we show that they are always useful to the opponents to neolibe-ralism.

We analyze the specification selection of econometric models with dynamic components for explaining economic growth of one or more variables: models in levels, models in first differences and several kinds of mixed models, including the simple mixed dynamic model and the EC Model. We have into account goodness of fit, significance of parameters, co...

During the period 1950-2002 Africa has experienced a lower degree of economic development than Asia, due to several circumstances, and particularly to the low educational levels of population in many African countries. In this article we present the estimation of some econometric models of African countries, which show the positive role that human...

We analyse the evolution of Manufacturing Value-Added per inhabitant in 20 Latin American and Caribbean countries during the period 1980-2002, and present a comparison with more industrialized countries. We find that very few Latin American countries have experienced an increase in that variable during the sample period, corresponding the most outs...

We analyse causality relationships between industry and foreign trade in three major areas of the world economy: India, China and OECD countries for the period 1960-2002, and found that the effect of imports is usually positive and significant to favour industrial and non-industrial development, from a mixed approach to economic growth which has in...

We analyse the evolution of Exchange Rates of Euro and previous national currencies of Euro Zone, as well as those corresponding to other currencies of OECD countries, with particular emphasis on the reaction of exchange rates to inflation differences, and the consequences of those changes on foreign trade and economic growth. We also compare the e...

Mexico and Turkey have experienced an important growth during the last decades of the 20th century but they have, in spite of that, a low level of real income per inhabitant in comparison with OECD averages. This paper analyses the main economic features of these countries, in comparison with other OECD countries, and suggest some economic policies...

A comparison between University Expenditures on Education and Research shows a great advantage of the United States regions in comparison with the majority of the European regions and countries. Only a few European regions receive enough support for these important activities which have a highly positive impact on socio-economic development. It is...

We analyse causality between real values of expenditure on Research and Development, RD, and Gross Domestic Product, Gdp, in 15 countries of European Union and the United States for 1993-2003, by means of Granger´s test and an interdependent dynamic model. The lower averages of RD expenditure per inhabitant of many European countries, in comparison...

En este artículo analizamos las principales diferencias regionales que existen en España y en Europa respecto al gasto en Investigación y Desarrollo, I+D, y la importancia que tiene el capital humano, tanto en Educación como en Investigación, para impulsar la producción y el empleo. Analizamos los datos correspondientes a 151 regiones de 25 países...

This chapter presents some econometric models which take into account both supply and demand sides as determinants of real exports, including the important relations existing between industrial development and external trade. The models focus on the positive role human capital plays in reducing external debt by fostering the evolution of exports an...

Resumen: En este artículo se hace un análisis comparativo del desarrollo económico de América latina durante el siglo veinte, en comparación con los EE.UU., con Canadá y con algunos países de Europa. Este estudio pone de manifiesto que aunque la tasa de crecimiento del Producto Interior Bruto real fue mayor en Latinoamérica que en las otras áreas,...

We analyse data of employment, human capital and economic development in 151 regions of 25 European countries in year 2000, and present the estimation of several interregional econometric models which show the positive impact of Research and Development expenditure, RD, both technological and not technological, on production and employment. We conc...

Se analiza la evolución del empleo en España en el período 1975-2004, y se estiman varios modelos econométricos de empleo bajo diferentes enfoques teóricos. El enfoque seleccionado, corresponde a un modelo de desequilibrio que tiene en cuenta factores de oferta y demanda, y en ese contexto se analiza el papel que la función de producción en la expl...

Este artículo analiza la evolución creciente del número de emigrantes netos desde algunos países del mundo. Se analiza de forma especial la evolución de la inmigración neta en España, Europa, Estados Unidos, Canadá y América Latina, durante el período 1965-2004, y se insiste en la conveniencia de regular la inmigración de forma coherente con la cap...

Some of the main challenges for European Union at the beginning of the 21st century are to increase the rates of employment and the real wages, particularly in those regions and economic sectors with the lowest levels, as well as to develop realistic policies of net immigration, which should have into account the limitations of EU for employment cr...

We analyse the evolution of regional employment in EU countries, and present some econometric models which relate employment with wages, economic growth and productivity. This study points to the main causes the important regional disparities of wages and rates of employment that exist in EU15 and EU24, as well as the low level of the average rate...