Maria Antonietta Costagliola

• Researcher at Italian National Research Council

A small-scale plant was built for measuring the ability of solid sorbents towards the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaust flue gas from an internal combustion engine. The investigated sorbents were calcium and lithium hydroxides. Both sorbents are low cost and used in the breathing gas purification systems. The carbonation capacity of each s...

In the next years, the number of circulating plug-in hybrid electric vehicles was expected to increase worldwide. Hybrid electric/gasoline powertrain is considered a promising solution to meet the future goals of greenhouse gas emission reduction by road transport sector. This paper investigates the emissive and energetic behaviour of a plug-in hyb...

Syngas deriving from biomass gasification is receiving increased interest as an alternative fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines for power generation, despite problems related to the variability of its composition and the low energy density. Syngas release from gasifiers is indeed strongly affected by the quality of the feedstock and by the specific...

The valorization of residual biomass plays today a decisive role in the concept of “circular economy”, according to which each waste material must be reused to its maximum extent. The collection and energy valorization at the local level of biomass from forest management practices and wildfire prevention cutting can be settled in protected areas to...

The aim of the study was to investigate the real driving emissions of two vehicles widely used as private means of transport in Italian cities: a Euro 4 gasoline passenger car and a Euro 3 scooter. Exhaust emissions of two and four wheel vehicles were characterised over three urban routes in Naples. On-board measurement of CO, NOx, CO2 and fuel con...

The valorization of residual biomass plays a decisive role in the actual implementation of the concept of "circular economy", according to which each waste material must be reused at its highest level in order to reduce the impact of human activities on the biosphere. The Italian project "INNOVARE-Innovative plants for distributed poly-generation b...

This study examines the effects of ethanol and gasoline injection mode on the combustion performance and exhaust emissions of a twin cylinder port fuel injection (PFI) spark ignition (SI) engine. Generally, when using gasoline–ethanol blends, alcohol and gasoline are externally mixed with a specified blending ratio. In this activity, ethanol and ga...

The Volkswagen scandal has promoted experimental campaigns worldwide aimed to assess the real exhaust emissions of in-use vehicles. Attention has been paid to diesel vehicle NOx emissions that are much higher than legislative type-approval limits. This paper analysed exhaust emissions of a fleet of ten Euro 5 diesel vehicles. NOx emissions were mea...

On-road real driving emissions (RDE) testing was used to study the effects of many parameters not taken into account by laboratory testing but which can greatly influence vehicle pollutant emissions. Among these, road grade plays a key role. This paper investigates the effects of positive and negative road grades on the exhaust emissions of two Eur...

Water injection represents a promising technology to overcome limitations of knock occurrence and fuel enrichment that reduce the efficiency of downsized spark-ignition (SI) engines. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation performed on a port-fuel injection turbocharged spark-ignition engine within the speed range 3,000-4,5...

Engine idle stop-start (S&S) is a technology which allows a vehicle to automatically turn off the internal combustion engine (ICE) when the vehicle has a rest and restarts the ICE when the driver applies pressure to the accelerator or releases the brake. Stop-Start system originated in Europe to save fuel during the type-approval New European Drivi...

On-road particulate matter (PM) mass was measured during a sampling campaign in March of 2015 in the ‘4 giornate’ tunnel in Naples, Italy. Two sets of samples were collected at both sides of the tunnel, each set representing the daily cycle at a 1 h time resolution. Distance-based – mass per kilometer – and fuel-based – mass per burned fuel – emiss...

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of bioethanol–gasoline blends on the exhaust emissions and engine combustion of a four-stroke motorcycle. Ethanol is known as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and is suitable for making blends with gasoline, increasing the oxygen content and decreasing emission of incomplete com...

The aim of this study is to investigate the parameters influencing the real driving emission monitoring with particular attention towards the influence of road gradient. For this purpose, an experimental activity was carried out with a Euro 5 Diesel light-duty vehicle, driven along two tracks of Naples characterized by a different road gradient: th...

It is well known that the vehicle interior noise comfort is one of the main target which may attract customers for purchasing a vehicle. Eventually, the amount of discomfort depends on magnitude, frequency, direction and, as well as, on the duration in vibration exposition inside the cabin. The comfort of the driving strongly influences the driving...

Unlabelled: Two experimental monitoring campaigns were carried out in 2012 to investigate the air quality in the port of Naples, the most important in southern Italy for traffic of passengers and one of the most important for goods. Therefore, it represents an important air pollution source located close to the city of Naples. The concentrations o...

Road transport exhaust emissions represent the main sources of atmospheric pollution in urban areas, due to the growing number of circulating vehicles and travelled distances. In order to re- duce this pollution source, stricter emission standards are periodically set by governments through- out the world. Consequently, the concentrations of gaseou...

It is well known that the vehicle interior noise comfort is one of the main target which may attract customers for purchasing a vehicle. Eventually, the amount of discomfort depends on magnitude, frequency, direction and, as well as, on the duration in vibration exposition inside the cabin. The comfort of the driving strongly influences the driving...

Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has assessed evidence that exposure to outdoor air pollution causes lung cancer and increases the risk of bladder cancer. Because air pollution in urban areas is mainly caused by transportation, it is necessary to evaluate pollutant exhaust emissions from vehicles and scooters during their r...

Powered two-wheeler (PTW) vehicles complying with recent European type approval standards (stages Euro 2 and Euro 3) were tested on chassis dynamometer in order to measure exhaust emissions of about 25 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the range C1-C7, including carcinogenic compounds as benzene and 1,3-butadiene. The fleet consists of a moped (...

A wide investigation on powered two-wheelers (PTWs) is presented, aiming at the analysis of the influence of the driving characteristics on PTWs exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, a deeper comprehension of the engine and after-treatment system behavior within the cold start transient and the evaluation of cold start additional emissions for di...

An experimental campaign was carried out to evaluate the influence of CNG and gasoline on the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of a bi-fuel passenger car over on-road tests performed in the city of Naples. The chosen route is very traffic congested during the daytime of experimental measurements. An on-board analyzer was used to measure CO, C...

In this paper some results relative to tests performed on road with a Fiat Panda Bipower, (CNG and gasoline powered), and a New Panda Twin Air with auto Start & Stop system, are presented. Gaseous emissions are measured with Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) on two different urban routes, in terms of traffic and slope characteristics dur...

For the first time until now, the results from a prediction model (Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System (ADMS)-Road) of pollutant dispersion in a street canyon were compared to the results obtained from biomonitors. In particular, the instrumental monitoring of particulate matter (PM10) and the biomonitoring of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon...

SOMMARIO La crescente incidenza dei veicoli a due ruote sul parco circolante in ambito urbano e sulle emissioni inquinanti da esso prodotte rende necessaria un'adeguata valutazione dell'impatto ambientale e dei consumi energetici di queste categorie di veicoli (motocicli e ciclomotori), con particolare riguardo al funzionamento durante il transitor...

This research attempted to analyze the environmental impact of two available non-conventional vehicle technologies, highlighting the benefits in terms of emissions and fuel consumption reduction with respect to conventional vehicles. Moreover, tests were compared with predicted emissions of the conventional gasoline technology provided by the kinem...

This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of gasoline-ethanol blends on the exhaust emissions in a catalyst-equipped four-stroke moped engine. The ethanol was blended with unleaded gasoline in at percentages (10, 15, and 20% v/v). The regulated pollutants and the particulate matter emissions were evaluated over the European ECE R47 driving cyc...

In this experimental work, the influence of some bio-fuels on the spark-ignition engine combustion efficiency and engine-out emissions was investigated. A conventional 1.6 l port injection engine was tested over steady-states, with some bio-ethanol/gasoline blends (0, 10, 20, 30, and 85 vol% of ethanol in gasoline) and with a 10 vol% of n-butanol i...

In the last ten years, the number of natural gas vehicles worldwide has grown rapidly with the biggest contribution coming from the Asia-Pacific and Latin America regions. As natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel, the exhaust emissions from natural gas spark ignition vehicles are lower than those of gasoline powered vehicles. Moreover, natural ga...

European Type approval procedure defines a synthetic driving cycle (the NEDC) over which one vehicle per type has to be tested. Euro 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 differ (beside vehicle preconditioning and warm-up procedures introduced since Euro 3) only because limits for the different pollutants have been progressively lowered. This paper analyses through a n...

The actual type approval procedure of vehicles, based on a fixed driving cycle for all the vehicles (NEDC), is not representative of their real on-road usage: the driving style and its influence on consumption and emissions cannot be neglected. The on road impact of vehicles on their real use is not known and it is difficult to measure (the PEMS ar...

New challenge in combustion is the extended use of "clean" fuels, such as methane, in "particle free" combustion devices. Although large efforts have been made, actual combustion systems burning methane are still source of particulate that might be emitted in the atmosphere. In this paper measurements of ultrafine particle emission from premixed la...

This paper presents emission factors of a class of passenger cars obtained by applying a statistical model developed to evaluate average emission factors based on driving cycle emission measurements. A multivariate regression method based on principal components, namely, the partial least squares (PLS) method, is applied to calculate the model. The...

Cold start effect is one of the most significant item for real world emissions evaluation: engine and after-treatment system transient behaviour leads to high levels of pollutants, generally exhausted in urban driving mode. In this paper, literature data referred to cold transient are summarized for some motorcycle classes. The main results of an e...

In 2004 worldwide sales of powered two-wheelers (PTWs) were about 34 million units and are predicted to rise to over 40 million by 2009. Only in the last 10 years has the environmental impact of mopeds (scooters included) and motorcycles been seriously considered. Particular concern has been raised over two-stroke (2-S) scooters which in several co...

CE) -ITALY 3. Engelhard s.r.l.