Mari-Pauliina Vainikainen

• Professor
• Professor (Associate) at Tampere University

Koulukontekstissa toteutetut tutkimukset sisältävät usein kognitiivisia tehtäviä, joissa menestymisellä ei ole oppilaalle seurauksia. Kaikki oppilaat eivät yritä tehtävissä parastaan, jolloin arvio oppilaan suoritustasosta jää todellista matalammaksi. Tässä tutkimuksessa testattiin hypoteesia, jonka mukaan yhdeksäsluokkalaisten osaamistuloksissa ha...

Tutkittavan suoritus kognitiivisessa testauksessa yleensä paranee, kun sama testi toistetaan. Harjoitusvaikutuksen puuttuminen voi olla merkki muistisairaudesta. Harjoitusvaikutuksen suuruus riippuu testattavan iästä, yleisestä kykytasosta, testausten välisen viiveen pituudesta ja testityypistä. Näiden tekijöiden lisäksi tutkittavien välillä on yks...

Decades of research has demonstrated the power of growth mindsets (i.e. belief in the malleability of the qualities of humans) to shape people’s ways of making sense of their socio-cultural reality and influence their ways of thinking about and acting towards change. Yet, research which connects mindsets with climate action or sustainability behavi...

Women and girls consistently outperform men and boys in educational outcomes. A large body of qualitative work suggests that boys’ difficulties in integrating peer acceptance with being studious may explain this gender gap. Gender differences in personality have also been suggested as an explanation. We investigated whether empirically constructed...

Full text available https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-263-949-3

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan painotetun opetuksen mukaisen oppilasryhmittelyn yhteyttä kuudennen luokan oppilaiden osaamiseen sekä kouluintoon ja koulu-uupumukseen. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin Turussa kerättyä aineistoa kuudennen luokan oppilaiden (N = 876) vastauksista kysely- ja tehtäväpakettiin. Oppilaat tulivat 22 alakoulusta, yhteensä 49 luokalta,...

A fundamental dynamic feature of Finnish education is the role of the national curriculum, renewed after 1985 approximately every 10 years. Over this course, it has been becoming less detailed. The latest revision (2014) was associated with an explicit reform to integrate key (transversal) competences in the core curriculum. The central idea of the...

Previous studies on late-night digital media use and adolescent sleep have not considered how chronotype, a natural tendency to be awake or asleep at certain time, is associated with this relationship. Therefore, the nature of the relationship between late-night digital media use and sleep in different chronotypes remains still unknown. The sample...

In this article, existing research investigating how school performance relates to cognitive, self-awareness, language, and personality processes is reviewed. We outline the architecture of the mind, involving a general factor, g, that underlies distinct mental processes (i.e., executive, reasoning, language, cognizance, and personality processes)....

The ability to solve complex problems successfully represents a key competence for students’ educational success and beyond. While strategy application and metastrategic knowledge constitute two underlying components that drive successful complex problem solving (CPS), little is known about how these two facets develop individually and jointly in s...

Some of the most persistently recurring research questions concern sex differences. Despite much progress, limited research has thus far been undertaken to investigate whether there is one general construct of genderedness that runs through various domains of human individuality. In order to determine whether being gender typical in one way goes to...

This study responds to the demands of the rapidly changing landscape of education, the 21st century competencies and development of curriculum. Those competences are being interpreted all over the world resulting to differing curricular changes. In the Finnish National Core Curriculum 2016 they are presented as seven transversal competences that gu...

Finnish students start academic or vocational track in upper secondary education at age 16 years. Track placement is based on grades, but family background and psychosocial resources may have influences. Using 2014 survey data of Grade 9 students in Helsinki Metropolitan area linked to the Joint Application Registry data as of 2017, we fitted two-l...

Self-regulated learning (SRL) may determine adapting to online environments. This study is an evaluation of students' (N = 33 912) SRL and integration in remote learning in Finnish lower secondary schools when educational institutions all over the world were urgently closed and teaching was arranged in remote settings due to COVID-19. Neither the t...

Kolmastoista COVID-19-tutkimuskatsaus 2021. Thirteenth report on COVID-19 research in 2021.

The COVID-19 pandemic enforced countries to close schools and rapidly transfer to distance teaching without preparation. Little is known about how different distance teaching practices influenced students’ wellbeing. We studied this during the period of school closures in Finland. Wellbeing was measured by health complaints and perceived loneliness...

Koronapandemia on jatkunut nyt jo yli vuoden. Kysymys onkin, milloin tämä pandemia on ohi. Ja milloin voimme palata arkeen sellaisena kuin sen muistamme? Tähän saakka päällimmäisenä ratkaisuna on pidetty sitä, että saamme kehitettyä tehokkaan koronarokotteen. Vaikka meillä on jo useampia toimivia COVID-19-rokotteita, emme vielä tiedä, kuinka pitkäk...

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme matemaattisten ajattelutaitojen ja matemaattisen minäkäsityksen kehitystä neljänneltä luokalta kuudennelle painotetun opetuksen (n = 275) ja yleisopetuksen (n = 664) luokkien oppilailla. Tarkastelimme tutkimuksessamme, selittyvätkö mahdolliset luokkien väliset erot oppilaiden erilaisilla taustoilla, esimerkiksi suku...

SARS-CoV-2 on seitsemäs ja viimeisin tunnetuista koronaviruksista, joka tarttuu ihmi- seen – ja joka levisi vuoden 2020 aikana COVID-tautia aiheuttavaksi pandemiaksi. Toisin sanoen, tällä hetkellä globaalisti kiertävä SARS-CoV-2:n populaatiokoko on erittäin suuri, mikä mahdollistaa erittäin monimuotoisen viruspopulaation. SARS-CoV- 2:n ja ihmisen i...

Virukset aiheuttavat suurimman osan ihmisväestön uusista tartuntataudeista ja haas- teellisimmat niistä johtavat pandemioihin. Ihmisen jatkuva altistuminen uusien pato- geenien eläinsäilymöille johtaa usein uusien tartuntatautien ilmaantumiseen. Näin SARS-CoV-2-RNA-virus levisi luultavimmin lepakosta uuteen isäntään ja lopulta ihmi- seen aiheuttaen...

How do peer groups influence academic self-concept formation? We evaluate developmental issues in the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE; negative effects of class-average achievement on math self-concept [MSC]) and its generalizability to peer-group-average achievement (1,017 primary-school students tested in Years 4 and 6, 46 classes, 130 peer gr...

Kolmelle eri koronavirusrokotteelle - Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna ja Oxford-Astra- Zeneca-rokote - on ihmiskokeissa raportoitu yli 90 %:n rokotusteho ilman hankalia si- vuvaikutuksia. Pfizer-BioNTech-rokotteen faasi 3-kokeen (N=44 000 osallistujaa) ro- kotusteho oli 95 % kun Moderna-rokotteen vastaava rokotekoe (N=30 000 osallistu- jaa) antoi 94 %:n r...

Maailmalla kiertää neljä ”flunssa”-koronavirusta, jotka ovat alun perin siirtyneet eläi- mistä ihmiseen ja jotka tyypillisesti sairastamme jo lapsuudessa. Tällä vuosituhannella uusina eläinperäisinä koronavirusuhkina ovat ilmaantuneet ensin SARS-koronavirus ja sitten MERS-virus, jotka aiheuttavat pahimmillaan myös vakavan keuhkokuumeen. Viime vuode...

COVID-19-tutkimuskatsaus jäsentyy kymmeneen koronakriisiin liittyvään osa-alueeseen. Kunkin osa-alueen tutkimuksen seuraamisesta ja raportoinnista vastaavat osa-alueille nimitetyt tutkijat. Katsauksen osa-alueet ja niiden vastuututkijat ovat: COVID-19 -infektio (tohtori Ville Pimenoff, Karolinska Institutet), pandemian vaikutukset väestön hyvinvoin...

Finland is known for its high-performing educational system, but local assessments have shown that performance has declined during the past decade. We report the results of nationally representative learning to learn assessments in which 15-year-olds took an identical test in the same schools in 2001, 2012 and 2017. The results show that the level...

Tracking pupils based on their abilities or other aptitudes is a common practice in many countries. In Finland, selective classes with a special emphasis have become popular. The societal and individual effects of tracking are a topic of ongoing educational discussion. Tracking has been seen to increase educational inequality, but still it has been...

COVID-19-tutkimuskatsaus jäsentyy kymmeneen koronakriisiin liittyvään osa- alueeseen. Kunkin osa-alueen tutkimuksen seuraamisesta ja raportoinnista vastaavat osa-alueille nimitetyt tutkijat. Katsauksen osa-alueet ja niiden vastuututkijat ovat: COVID-19 -infektio (tohtori Ville Pimenoff, Karolinska Institutet), pandemian vaikutukset väestön hyvinvoi...

Koronapandemia on synnyttänyt ennennäkemättömän globaalin tutkimusponnistuksen. Kriisiin liittyvää tieteellistä tutkimustietoa on jo paljon ja sitä julkaistaan jatkuvasti kiihtyvällä tahdilla. Samaan aikaan tutkimustiedolle on myös suuri kysyntä. COVID-19- tutkimuskatsaus on valtioneuvoston kanslian elokuussa 2020 käynnistämä toimintamalli, joka ko...

Koronapandemia on synnyttänyt ennennäkemättömän globaalin tutkimusponnistuksen. Kriisiin liittyvää tieteellistä tutkimustietoa on jo paljon ja sitä julkaistaan jatkuvasti kiihtyvällä tahdilla. Samaan aikaan tutkimustiedolle on myös suuri kysyntä. COVID-19- tutkimuskatsaus on valtioneuvoston kanslian elokuussa 2020 käynnistämä toimintamalli, joka ko...

Keuhkokuumetta aiheuttavat koronavirukset ovat saaneet aikaan jo useamman ko- ronavirusepidemian. Aasiassa vuonna 2002 Severe Acute Respitatory Syndrome -ko- ronavirus [SARS-CoV] todettiin 8096 henkilöllä ja kyseinen SARS-infektio yhdistettiin 774 kuolintapaukseen. Vuonna 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome -koronavirus [MERS-CoV] todettiin 2494...

Although technology-enhanced feedback (TEF) from teachers to pupils is given daily, little is known about pupils’ thoughts about this feedback in Finland. Pupils’ perceptions were studied to evaluate whether TEF support self-regulated learning, as suggested. Interviews (N = 62) and questionnaires (N = 132) about pupils’ perceptions and emotions rel...

The long-term effects of sleep on adolescent psychosocial well-being are mostly unknown, although insufficient sleep has been associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in cross-sectional studies. With a five-year follow-up of Finnish adolescents (Time 1: n = 8834; Mean age = 13 years, 51.1% female, Time 2: n = 5315, Mean age = 15 years,...

As a variety of commercial educational applications are currently being taken into daily use to provide technology-enhanced feedback, research is needed to observe whether pedagogical evidence of the impact of feedback on learning and well-being is being utilized. To this end, this study explores the connections between technology-enhanced feedback...

Some of the most persistently recurring research questions in the fields of personality and social psychology concern sex differences. Although much progress has been made, no research has addressed the basic question of whether there is one general construct of genderedness that runs through various life domains, or whether genderedness is specifi...

The Finnish education has received a lot of attention after decades of relatively high performance in international student assessments. Even though the Finnish education system has received a lot of interest, very little attention has been paid to the model of the Finnish educational assessment system and the lack of standardised measurement and c...

Background: The health selection hypothesis suggests that poor health leads to low educational attainment during the life course. Adolescence is an important period as poor health might prevent students from making the best educational choices. We test if health in adolescence is associated with educational aspirations and whether these associatio...

Background We studied the associations of health-compromising behaviours with a transition into secondary education by following a large cohort of Finnish adolescents. Students with a direct (successful) transition into secondary education after the 9th grade (73%) and those with a late transition (7%) were compared. Methods We analysed the follow...

Background: The Finnish government has emphasized the need to expedite educational transitions. We study if a late start of upper secondary education is related to health-related selection, namely health-compromising behaviours in adolescence. Methods: A large cohort of adolescents from the seventh (12-13 years) and ninth (15-16 years) grades an...

https://www.helsinki.fi/sites/default/files/atoms/files/oppimaan_oppimisen_arvioinnin_teoreettisia_lahtokohtia.pdf

Sociometric status, the regard that other group members confer to an individual, is one of the most ubiquitous and behaviourally relevant attributes assigned to the person by the social environment. Despite this, its contribution to personality development has received little attention. The present three‐wave longitudinal study, spanning the age ra...

Complexity is one of the major demands of adolescents' future life as adults. To investigate adolescents' competence development in applying problem-solving strategies in complex environments, we conducted a 2-wave longitudinal study in a sample of Finnish adolescents (11-17 years old; N = 1,959 at Time 1 and N = 1,690 at Time 2, 3 years later). In...

Sociometric status, the regard that other group members confer to an individual, is one of the most ubiquitous and behaviorally relevant attributes assigned to the person by the social environment. Despite this, its contribution to personality development has received little attention. The present three-wave longitudinal study, spanning the age ran...

Muutos oppimiskäsityksessä ja teknologian kehitys asettavat vaatimuksia myös kansallisten arviointien uudistamiselle. Opittujen taitojen mittaamisesta on siirrytty ajatukseen, jonka mukaan arvioinnin tehtävä on tukea oppimista (Ouakrim-Soivio, 2016). Se, että arvioinnit toteutetaan nykyisin paperilomakkeiden sijaan sähköisesti tietokoneilla, mahdol...

Tässä luvussa käsitellään kahta asiaa: 1) trendianalyysinä yhdeksäsluokkalaisten osaamisen ja asenteiden (uskomusten) yleistasossa tapahtuneita muutoksia vuodesta 2001 ja 2) täydentävänä poikkileikkausanalyysinä tarkennetaan ja laajennetaan trendianalyysissä käytettyjen asennemuuttujien analyysia akateemisten minäkäsitysten klusterianalyysin kautta...

In Finnish basic education, the majority of teachers give technology-enhanced feedback about learning and behaviour on a daily basis by clicking predefined options in an online platform. In this study, we explored 211003 feedback actions given by 704 teachers to 7811 pupils and their parents using latent profile analysis. Information on individual...

This study examined cross-task consistency and longitudinal stability in elementary school students' task interest, success expectancy, and performance from fourth to sixth grade, and their predictive effects on sixth-grade intrinsic value, self-concept, and achievement in mathematics. The results demonstrated consistency in interest, success expec...

This study investigates how the proportion of SEN students in regular classes is related to the student-level and class-level cross-curricular competences. The data (N = 5368) come from a large-scale, longitudinal assessment study conducted on students at the beginning and end of lower secondary education in a Finnish metropolitan area. The results...

Published in Psykologia,53 (2-3), 152-165.

PISA-ohjelmaan on lukutaidon, matematiikan ja luonnontieteiden ohella kuulunut vuodesta 2012 lähtien vaihtuvan innovatiivinen sisältöalue.

This study examined changes in pupils’ agency beliefs and control expectancy from grade four to grade six, and whether they were associated with studying in a class with a special emphasis on a subject as compared to studying in a class without emphasis. After controlling for the effects of mother’s education, prior school achievement, and gender,...

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown a relationship between students’ health and their academic achievements, but whether health of classmates and schoolmates impacts individual students’ school achievement is less known. We studied these effects on students in lower secondary school in Finland. METHODS: Students (seventh grade, age 12-13 years., N=7779,...

In Finland, class size is used as a means of support by placing students with milder support needs in slightly smaller classes. This study tests the scientific basis of this practice by following the development of 869 students' performance from the fourth grade to the sixth grade, analyzing the effects of class size on performance and the patterns...

The Finnish educational system was decentralised in the 1980s and the 1990s. The school inspection system was dissolved and the municipalities as organisers of education were given responsibility for monitoring the effectiveness of education and securing that every child has equal possibilities in proceeding through the 9-year basic education consi...

Even though homophily (love of the same) is often thought of as a standard feature of friendships, the empirical evidence for attraction based on personality trait similarity is mixed at best. One reason for the inconsistent findings across studies could be variation in the large-scale social environment in which the studies have been conducted. We...

The investment trait need for cognition (NFC) is conceptualized as the intrinsic motivation to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive endeavors. Higher NFC levels have been shown to be related to a deeper elaboration of information, better performance on cognitive exercises, and more effective complex problem solving, moreover NFC has shown only a...

Information and communication technology, ICT, permits various new modes of parent-teacher collaboration. In Finland, online ICT-based platforms are used in most municipalities for giving feedback to pupils and parents. Despite the importance of parent-teacher collaboration and its emphasis in the Finnish Core Curriculum, there are substantial obst...

The aim of the study was to analyse learning using Augmented Reality (AR) technology and the motivational and cognitive aspects related to it in an informal learning context. The 146 participants were 11- to 13-year-old Finnish pupils visiting a science centre exhibition. The data, which consisted of both cognitive tasks and self-report questionnai...

Need for Cognition (NFC) signifies “the tendency for an individual to engage in and enjoy thinking” (Cacioppo & Petty, 1982, p. 116). Up to now, no scale of sufficient psychometric quality existed to assess NFC in children. Using data from three independent, diverse cross-sectional samples from Germany, Luxembourg, and Finland, we examined the psyc...

Dinosaurs have been a very popular science topic since signs of their presence on earth were first discovered. They have represented so-called ‘edutainment’ for some people. Learning from informal sources and in- an out-of-school environment can be effective and motivating. In this study, 12-year-old pupils (N = 366) visited a dinosaur science cent...

Learning and well-being have been largely treated as separate entities in research and legislation regarding children and youth, and in the daily practices of the school. In 2011, a new research project was launched to study in unison the learning and well-being of approximately 10 000 seventh graders in the 14 municipalities of the Helsinki Metrop...

Learning and well-being have been largely treated as separate entities in research and legislation regarding children and youth, and in the daily practices of the school. In 2011, a new research project was launched to study in unison the learning and well-being of approximately 10 000 seventh graders in the 14 municipalities of the Helsinki Metrop...

Outreach activities, like mobile science exhibitions, give opportunities to hands-on experiences in an attractive learning environment. We analysed attitudes, motivation and learning during a science exhibition visit, their relations to gender and future educational plans in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Belgium (N = 1210 sixth-graders). Pupils' per...

Published in ESERA Conference Proceedings