Marek Kozicki

• Professor, D.Sc., Ph.D., M.Sc.
• Professor at Lodz University of Technology

This work presents a 2D radiochromic dosimeter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation measurements, based on cotton fabric volume-modified with nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) as a radiation-sensitive compound. The developed dosimeter is flexible, which allows it to adapt to various shapes and show a color change from yellowish to purple-brown during...

This work presents a 2D Fricke dosimeter with xylenol orange (XO), gelatine matrix and addition of sorbitol. The dosimeter was irradiated with various monitor units ranging from 500 to 10000 MU (3.6-72 Gy). The addition of sorbitol significantly reduced the diffusion coefficient of Fe ³⁺ ions and improved the mechanical properties of the gel, while...

3D dosimeters are mainly manufactured as single-phase chemical compositions in a container. In most cases, they imitate a single soft tissue, such as muscle or the brain. Research on dosimeters imitating lungs and bones is very rare. In turn, in this work we report the first experiments aimed at producing multiphase 3D dosimeters imitating differen...

This work presents a new elastic radiochromic gel containing a radiation-sensitive nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) embedded in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix, which can simultaneously function as a bolus and a dosimeter in radiotherapy.

The paper concerns a bone-imitating dosimeter called BoneGel (PAGAT2–Pluronic F–127 with hydroxyapatite). The addition of inorganic salt (MgCl 2 ) to the composition increased the dose sensitivity of the dosimeter.

This work describes the development of a reusable 2D detector based on radiochromic reaction for radiotherapy dosimetric measurements. It consists of a radiochromic gel dosimeter in a cuboidal plastic container, scanning with a flatbed scanner, and data processing using a dedicated software package. This tool is assessed using the example of the ap...

This work presents a Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 2D radiochromic dosimeter with a flat-bed scanner for 2D reading and a dedicated data processing software package as a tool for performing coincidence testing of the radiation and mechanical isocenter of a medical accelerator. The optimal irradiation parameters were determined as follows: monitor units...

Dynamically evolving radiotherapy instruments require advancements in compatible 3D dosimetry systems. This paper reports on such tools for the coincidence test of the mechanical and radiation isocenter for a medical accelerator as part of the quality assurance in routine radiotherapy practice. Three-dimensional polymer gel dosimeters were used in...

This work presents an ecological, flexible 2D radiochromic dosimeter for measuring ionizing radiation in the kilogray dose range. Cotton woven fabric made of cellulose was volume-modified with nitrotetrazolium blue chloride as a radiation-sensitive compound. Its features include a color change during exposure from yellowish to purple-brown and flex...

This work presents the results of paper laser processing. It begins with the selection and examination of the processing parameters, then an examination of the properties of the modified papers and examples of applications of the developed modification method. The properties of laser-modified paper were studied using reflectance spectrophotometry t...

This work reports on the new chemical dosimeters for UV radiation dose measurements on coral reefs and in seawater. The proposed dosimeters can measure the actual dose of UV radiation, which consists of 95% UVA and 5% UVB radiation, unlike the currently-used radiometers in marine and ocean waters that measure the dose of UVA and UVB radiation separ...

Abstract This work describes the measurements of the ionizing radiation dose and the determination of the radiation isocenter using a tool consisting of three-dimensional polymer gel dosimeters and a dedicated software package. Specific polymer gel dosimeters were selected. Their inherent common feature is the possibility of high-resolution three-...

This work concerns the new idea of textile printing with a multi-color system using pastes containing compounds sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A screen printing method based on a modified CMYK color system was applied to a cotton woven fabric. Aqueous printing pastes were prepared from thickening and crosslinking agents and UV-sensitive c...

This work reports on a new type of combined radiochromic ionizing radiation dosimeter for radiotherapy. The LCV‐Pluronic F‐127 serves for this purpose, which is a leuco crystal violet embedded in a physical hydrogel matrix of poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(propylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F‐127) with additives. This dosimeter...

Purpose: A new commercial 2D ionising radiation dosimeter (2Day.QA®) was developed. This work aims to introduce the basic functions of 2Day.QA®. Methods: The dosimeter is made mainly of a linear polysaccharide consisting of β(1 → 4) linked d-glucose units and radiation active substances, which make it environmentally friendly. For 2Day.QA® irrad...

This works reports on the effects of treating the surface of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy samples with a laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, operating in a pulsed and continuous mode. The obtained surfaces with different roughness, complexity and wettability were examined by Raman spectroscopy in order to recognize the presence of titanium oxides on the...

This work presents an approach to the fast determination of a medical accelerator irradiation isocenter as a quality assurance (QA) procedure in radiotherapy. The isocenter determination tool is the tissue equivalent high-resolution 3D polymer gel dosimeter (PABIGnx) in a dedicated container combined with kilovoltage imaging systems and the polyGeV...

Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 has recently been proposed as a 3D dosimeter for radiotherapy. It contains the typical ingredients of the Fricke ionizing radiation dosimeter, which are embedded in a physical gel of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127). The main reactions upon irradiation are the conv...

Golden and silver–golden chitosan hydrogels and hydrogel-modified textiles of potential biomedical applications are investigated in this work. The hydrogels are formed by reactions of chitosan with HAuCl4·xH2O. For above the critical concentration of chitosan (c*), chitosan–Au hydrogels were prepared. For chitosan concentrations lower than c*, chit...

This work presents the features of the PABIGnx 3D polymer gel dosimeter. It consists of two cross-linkers: poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), as one biacrylic component, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), which is another cross-linker often used in 3D dosimeters. Additionally, it contains oxygen scavenges of copper sulfate pentahydrate a...

This work reports on a new TBO‒Pluronic F‒127 three-dimensional (3D) gel dosimeter for UV light dose distribution measurements. The optimal gel composition was found to be 60 µM Toluidine Blue O (TBO), which acts as a UV-sensitive compound; 5% w/w hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is necessary for initiation of TBO photodegradation and 25% w/w poly(e...

This work reports on radiochromic dosimeters for 1D UV light measurements. The dosimeter is composed of a 25% Pluronic F–127 that forms a physical gel matrix and nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) as a radiation-sensitive compound. This dosimeter was exposed to UVA, UVB and UVC radiation, and the radiochromic reactions were followed with reflect...

This paper presents the results of research on the Fricke–XO–Pluronic F–127 dosimeter. It consists of a Fricke dosimetric solution and xylenol orange (XO), which are embedded in a matrix of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F–127). Upon irradiation, Fe+2 ions transform into Fe+3, forming a colored...

A new radiochromic dosimeter was examined with Raman spectroscopy and an optical approach for assessment of 3D dose distribution integrity. The acronym of the dosimeter is Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127, where XO denotes xylenol orange; Pluronic F-127 is a copolymer matrix of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide), an...

This work reports a modification of a fibrous cellulose material (paper) by the addition of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres doped with 10,12–pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA). The fibres are sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. When the paper containing PAN–PDA is irradiated with UV light it changes colour to blue as a consequence of interaction of the li...

This paper aims to explain the phenomenon of laser light trapping (LLT) in a 3D polymer gel dosimeter. A VIC-T polymer gel dosimeter containing 17% N-vinylpyrrolidone, 8% N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, 12% tert-butyl alcohol, 5% gelatine, 0.02% hydroquinone and 14 mM tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride was used in this study. It was exposed t...

This work reports on the results obtained for VIC-T dosimeter for radiotherapy dosimetry (17 % (w/v) N-vinylpyrrolidone, 8 % (w/v) N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, 12 % (w/v) tert-butyl alcohol, 5 % (w/v) gelatine, 0.02 % (w/v) hydroquinone and 14 mM tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) measured with a spiral computed tomography (CT). O...

This work reports on the surface-modified woven fabrics for use as UV radiation sensors. The cotton and polyamide fabrics were printed with radiochromic hydrogels using a screen-printing method. The hydrogels used as a printing paste were composed of water, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127)...

This work reports on the first results obtained for a new 3D lung mimicking dosimeter. The dosimeter comprises 3% (w/w) acrylamide, 3% (w/w) N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide, 10 mM tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC), 25% (w/w) poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) in presence or ab...

This work concerns a new potassium iodide based radiochromic gel dosimeter with Pluronic F-127 gel matrix. The optimal dosimeter composition obtained in this work comprises 200 mM potassium iodide as a radiation sensitive colour changing compound, 200 mM fructose, 50 mM gluconic acid δ-lactone and 25% (w/w) poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene...

This work reports on a radiochromic dosimeter for dose distribution measurement after irradiation with UV light. The dosimeter is composed of a 25 % copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) that forms a physical gel matrix. The matrix is infused with leuco crystal violet (LCV, 2 mM),...

This work reports on the characteristic of a 3D polymer gel dosimeter with poly (ethylene oxide)-block-poly (propylene oxide)-block-poly (ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) gel matrix. The dosimeter (acronym: VIP3-Pluronic F-127) comprises 4% (w/w) N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), 4% (w/w) N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), 4% (w/w) tert-butanol, 10 mM tetr...

Purpose The purpose of this work was to examine the suitability of VIPARnd polymer gel–9.4 T magnetic resonance microimaging system for high spatial resolution dose distribution measurements. Methods The VIPARnd samples (3 cm in outside diameter and 12 cm in height) were exposed to ionizing radiation by using a linear accelerator (Varian TrueBeam,...

In this work, a method for the measurement of one-dimensional (1D) UV radiation dose is described. It comprises a new tablet dosimeter that measures the dose using reflectance spectrophotometry. The tablet dosimeter elaborated is a solid structure with a cylindrical form and has been manufactured with polycaprolactone (PCL) doped with a representat...

Purpose: Advanced 3D dosimetry is required for verifications of complex dose distributions in modern radiotherapy. Two 3D polymer gel dosimeters, coupled with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (3 T MRI) readout and data processing with polyGeVero® software, were tested for the verification of calculated 3D dose distributions by a treatment planning...

In this work, a reactive inkjet printing (RIP) has been proposed as an useful method for the deposition of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) layers on different textile fabrics - polyacrylonitrile, poly(ethylene terephthalate), and polypropylene. Under the RIP process, the RGO layers were grown on fabrics by printing of graphene oxide (GO) suspension an...

This work reports results related to the manufacturing and optimisation of a leuco crystal violet (LCV)-Pluronic F-127 radiochromic gel dosimeter suitable for 3D radiotherapy dosimetry. A feature of this gel is that the natural gelatine polymer, which is most often used as a matrix in 3D dosimeters, is substituted with Pluronic F-127 synthetic copo...

A co-polymer of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-blockpoly( ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127, PEO-PPO-PEO) was proposed as a physical gel matrix, substituting gelatine for three-dimensional polymer gel dosimeters and as a matrix for the preparation of new radiochromic gel dosimeters. Two polymer gel dosimeters and seven radiochromic...

NVP-containing three-dimensional polymer gel dosimeters for radiotherapy dosimetry have been developed for more than 20 years. There have been 11 main modifications of the originally proposed VIPAR polymer gel dosimeter that altogether have amounted to 12 gel dosimeter formulae. This communication is to summarise the main chemical changes made to t...

This work reports on the impact of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) on the properties of a VIC gel dosimeter (VIC is an abbreviated acronym of VIPARCT). THPC was used as a substitute oxygen scavenger in VIC (17% N-vinylpyrrolidone, 8% N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 12% tert-butyl alcohol, 7.5% gelatine, 0.02% hydroquinone and an oxy...

This work describes the fabrication of printed gas sensors on textile substrates by using the reactive inkjet printing technique. Polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based gas sensing layers were printed on top of gold electrodes which were vacuum deposited on polypropylene textile non-woven fabric. The sensing pr...

This work discusses the substitution of a gelatine physical gel matrix with a matrix made of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) in five 3D radiotherapy polymer gel dosimeters: MAGAT, PAGAT, NIPAM, VIPARnd (VIP) and VIPARCT (VIC). The current research outcomes showed that not each polymer gel...

This work is a follow-up study for a recently-proposed 3D radiochromic gel dosimeter that contains a tetrazolium salt and a physical gel matrix made of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127). Several tetrazolium salts were examined in this work, including tetrazolium violet (TV), blue tetrazoliu...

The subject of this work are microfibres that are made of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) doped with nano-particles of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA) with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of ca. 22 nm, as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Two kinds of microfibres were obtained from a DMF solution (multifilaments – a bunch of 250 microfibres): glos...

In this work, we present for the first time three-dimensional (3D) gel dosimeters for 3D UV dose distribution measurements. These new gel dosimeters are aqueous compositions containing 2,3,5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride or 4,40-benzylidenebis(N,N-dimethylaniline) (leucomalachite green) and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-po...

In this work we discuss UV and ionising radiation induced processes in the flat foils (films). The foils were made from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and either 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA) or a representative of tetrazolium salts 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). Also, we proposed a very attractive modification of the surfaces of the fo...

This work reports the first results obtained using a new 3D radiochromic gel dosimeter. The dosimeter is an aqueous physical gel matrix made of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127, PEO-PPO-PEO) doped with a representative of tetrazolium salts, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). There w...

This work presents an improvement of the VIPARnd (‘nd’ stands for ‘normoxic, double’, or VIP) polymer gel dosimeter. The gel composition was altered by increasing the concentration of the monomeric components, N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), in co-solvent solutions. The optimal composition (VIPARCT, where ‘CT’ stands...

This work describes a gelation of chitosan solution with silver nitrate. Above the critical concentrationof chitosan (c*), continuous hydrogels of chitosan–silver can be formed. At lower concentrations, theformation of nano- and micro-hydrogels is discussed. The sol–gel analysis was performed to characterisethe hydrogels’ swelling properties. Moreo...

This work is to introduce the polyGeVero® software package that was elaborated for radiotherapy 3D dosimetry data computation. The software operates on DICOM (modality: MR, CT, US) and VFF file formats that corresponds to the raw data obtained after 3D scanning of 3D polymer gel and 3D radiochromic dosimeters. The functionalities of the software we...

In this work a method of preparing UV-sensitive fibres is presented. The fibres are made of polyacrylonitrile by wet spinning and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), 4,4′,4″-tri-di-β-hydroxyethyloaminotriphenyloacetonitrile (HHEVC) and 10,12-pentacosadiyonic acid (PENTA) are used as dopants. Preparing the fibres is a two-step process, allowi...

The polyGeVero® software package was elaborated for calculations of 3D dosimetry data such as the polymer gel dosimetry. It comprises four workspaces designed for: i) calculating calibrations, ii) storing calibrations in a database, iii) calculating dose distribution 3D cubes, iv) comparing two datasets e.g. a measured one with a 3D dosimetry with...

The subject of this work is polyGeVero(®) software (GeVero Co., Poland), which has been developed to fill the requirements of fast calculations of 3D dosimetry data with the emphasis on polymer gel dosimetry for radiotherapy. This software comprises four workspaces that have been prepared for: (i) calculating calibration curves and calibration equa...

Flat woven polyamide textiles were chosen for modification with nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) or 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Such samples change colour from white to blue (NBT) or red (TTC) if exposed to ionizing radiation or UV light. When inhomogenously irradiated, a clear pattern of the absorbed dose distribution is visibl...

In this study, we present facile antimicrobial finishing of cotton textiles. Screen printing was used for surface-finishing of cotton using a printing paste containing silver nitrate. UVC irradiation was applied to convert silver nitrate into a color product, thus also changing the color of the textiles. The color, its strength and stability of sam...

Sophisticated techniques employed in radiotherapy for irradiation of tumours require comprehensive dosimetry allowing for precise, high resolution measurements of radiation dose distribution in three dimensions and verification of treatment planning systems. Polymer gel dosimetry has been shown to be a unique technique for such the purpose. If expo...

A range of fabrics was selected for examination as material for construction of 2D radiation dosimeters as a consequence of previously obtained results confirming the possibility of radiation dose measurement with the modified polyamide textiles. These fabrics were surface finished with either 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) or nitrotetra...

The development of flat woven fabric-based ionizing radiation 2D dosimeters is reported in this work. Polyamide fabric was surface modified with radiation-sensitive 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) or nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT). These samples responded to gamma radiation of 60Co through a colour change: red and blue for TTC and...

An approach to printing of flat textiles is presented in this work. A screen‐printing method was applied on a cotton fabric. An aqueous printing paste was prepared from thickening and crosslinking agents and an ultraviolet‐sensitive tetrazole ring‐based compound of 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride or nitrotetrazolium blue chloride. After the pri...

Ionising radiation-induced reactions of aqueous single monomer solutions and mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (Bis) in a steady-state condition are presented below and above gelation doses in order to highlight reactions in irradiated 3D polymer gel dosimeters, which are assigned for radiotherapy...

This paper reports on the preparation and features of a UV light dosimeter composed of nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and polyamide woven fabric. This textile dosimeter is based on the conversion reaction of NBT into formazan, which was initially examined in aerated aqueous solutions through steady state UV irradiation. Irradiated solutions...

In this paper, results on the construction of a new flat textile-based UV light dosimeter are reported. As a textile support polyamide woven fabric was chosen, which was surface-modified with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). At first, spectrophotometric and dynamic laser light scattering results on the steady-state UV irradiation of aqueo...

The VIPAR polymer gel dosimeter formulation was modified in an effort to eliminate the need for deoxygenation in the manufacturing procedure while preserving its favorable characteristics of dose rate independence and a wide dose response range. Aiming at an adequate dose sensitivity and the extension of dose response in the low dose region to faci...

In this paper, VIPARnd - GeVero® tool is presented for the first time in an application to a brain tumour radiotherapy. Whereas usefulness of VIPARnd polymer gel in various radiotherapy techniques has recently been confirmed, GeVero® software for calculation of MRI polymer gel data and comparison with TPS dose distribution simulation is now examine...

Implementation of polymer gel dosimetry in radiotherapy departments calls for: easily manufactured gel dosimeters of required physical-chemical properties, set-up procedures of irradiation, adaptation of three-dimensional scanning procedures and instruments as well as fast tool for calculation of 3D absorbed dose distribution in the polymer gel dos...

Dose distributions registered in water equivalent, polymer gel dosimeters were used to measure the output factors and off-axis profiles of the radiosurgical photon beams employed for CyberKnife radiosurgery. Corresponding measurements were also performed using a shielded silicon diode commonly employed for CyberKnife commissioning, the PinPoint ion...

Purpose/Objective To measure the output factors of a G4 CyberKnife system (AccurayTM Inc., Sunnyvale, USA) using the 3D dose distribution registered in water equivalent polymer gel dosimeters. Materials/Methods Two long cylindrical vials (23 mm inner diameter, 15 cm length) were filled with normoxic gel prepared by doubling the NVP concentration i...

The new polymer gel dosimeter, based on the modification of the VIPAR gel composition, is described for the purpose of radiation dose distribution measurement in radiotherapy. It features increased concentration of the two VIPAR substrates: N-vinylpyrrolidone (8%) and gelatine (7.5%) (N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide was maintained at 4%), and the addit...

Despite its advantages, the polymer gel-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method has not, as yet, been successfully employed in dosimetry of low energy/low dose rate photon-emitting brachytherapy sources such as 125I or 103Pd interstitial seeds. In the present work, two commercially available 125I seed sources, each of approximately 0.5 U, were posi...

This work seeks to verify multi-shot clinical applications of stereotactic radiosurgery with a Leksell Gamma Knife model C unit employing a polymer gel-MRI based experimental procedure, which has already been shown to be capable of verifying the precision and accuracy of dose delivery in single-shot gamma knife applications. The treatment plan stud...

Besides the fine spatial resolution inherent in polymer gel‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dosimetry, the method also features the potential for multiple measurements of varying sensitive volume in a single experiment by integrating results in MRI voxels of finite dimensions (i.e., in plane resolution by slice thickness). This work exploits this...

Human cartilage derived cells were encapsulated in alginate hydrogel beads. Viability of the cells was determined using both qualitative (microscopy) and quantitative (MTT and NR assays) examination. Microscopy indicated that encapsulated cells remained viable during the 7-days experiment. The quantitative tests failed to give reliable results. Pos...

This work describes an experimental procedure with potential to assess the overall accuracy associated with gamma knife clinical applications, from patient imaging and dosimetry planning to patient positioning and dose delivery using the automated positioning system of a Leksell Gamma Knife model C. The VIPAR polymer gel-MRI dosimetry method is emp...

Solvent casting/particulate leaching has been used to synthesize highly porous polymeric scaffolds of controlled pore size, based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Obtained structures have a total porosity of c. 60%, with good interconnections between the pores. Porous scaffolds prepared using the greatest size of...

The water equivalence and stable relative energy response of polymer gel dosimeters are usually taken for granted in the relatively high x-ray energy range of external beam radiotherapy based on qualitative indices such as mass and electron density and effective atomic number. However, these favourable dosimetric characteristics are questionable in...

In view of the need for dose-validation procedures on each individual intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan, dose-verification measurements by film, by ionization chamber, and by polymer gel-MRI dosimetry were performed for a prostate-treatment plan configuration. Treatment planning system (TPS) calculations were evaluated against dose...

The early stages of the polymerisation of N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide monomer in dilute aqueous solutions were studied by means of pulse radiolysis technique. The reactivity of the basic products of water radiolysis: OH radicals and hydrated electrons with the monomer were found to be comparable, as their rate constants were equal ∼1.4×1010 dm3 mol...

VIPAR polymer gels and 3D MRI techniques were evaluated for their ability to provide experimental verification of 3D dose distributions in a simulation of a 192Ir prostate monotherapy clinical application. A real clinical treatment plan was utilized, generated by post-irradiation, CT based calculations derived from Plato BPS and Swift treatment pla...

Radiation techniques, due to the additive-free initiation and easy process control, are very suitable tools for synthesis of biomaterials, especially hydrogels. In our group, a number of techniques have been elaborated allowing for targeted synthesis of gels of various size ranges, from internally crosslinked individual macromolecules, via microgel...

VIPAR polymer gels and 3D MRI techniques were evaluated for their ability to provide experimental verification of 3D dose distributions in a simulation of a prostate monotherapy clinical application. A real clinical treatment plan was utilized, generated by post‐irradiation, CT based calculations derived from Plato™ BPS and Swift™ treatment plannin...

For over 15 years the Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry in Lodz, Poland, has been involved in studies on new polymeric biomaterials. Some of the technologies developed employ radiation techniques for the synthesis of crosslinked products (mainly hydrogels), for surface modification and for sterilization. An example of a mature technology of...

The early stages of the polymerization of difunctional acrylate macromonomer, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate of average molecular weight of 700 Da (PEGDA700), were studied in aqueous solution by pulse radiolysis. The rate constant of the reaction of this monomer with OH and hydrated electron was measured as 3.0×1010 and 1.7×1010 mol−1 dm3 s−1, re...

Main goals of the project within the 6th Framework Programme - Digital Fast Patterned Microdisposal of Fluids for Multifunctional Protective Textile are shown in this paper. Also, the results of antimicrobial finishing of textiles using silver nanoparticles, obtained by classical as well as advanced finishing technologies are presented.