Marcos Rios-Lago

National University of Distance Education | UNED · Department of Basic Psychology II

(1) Background and objectives: Paediatric brain injuries can lead to motor and cognitive deficits. Effective rehabilitation is critical for enhancing independence. While virtual reality (VR) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have independently demonstrated beneficial effects on motor and cognitive functions, their combined efficacy...

Background: Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are an effective treatment for patients with sleep-related breathing disorders, with variable response. Increasingly more research points to the predictive value of Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) in patient selection. This study aims to analyze the changes in upper airway collapsibility using...

Neurosurgery is a therapeutic option for patients with refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder who do not respond to previous treatments. Although its efficacy in reducing clinical symptomatology has been proven, few studies have analyzed its effects at the cognitive level. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the cognitive outcomes o...

Preparatory control in task-switching has been suggested to rely upon a set of distributed regions within a frontoparietal network, with frontal and parietal cortical areas cooperating to implement switch-specific preparation processes. Although recent causal evidences using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have generally supported this mode...

Introduction: We present the Spanish Society of Neurorehabilitation's guidelines for adult acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation. These recommendations are based on a review of international clinical practice guidelines published between 2013 and 2020. Development: We establish recommendations based on the levels of evidence of the studies...

Objective: Phonological and semantic verbal fluency tasks are frequently used to assess language and executive functions in both clinical and research settings. F, A, and S are the most commonly used letters in phonological tasks across languages and cultures. Unfortunately, the lack of norms for the native Spanish population for these letters, and...

Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are an effective alternative treatment to CPAP. Different maneuvers were performed during drug sleep-induced endoscopy (DISE) to mimic the effect of MAD. Using the Selector Avance Mandibular (SAM) device, we aimed to identify MAD candidates during DISE using a titratable, reproducible, and measurable maneuver. T...

Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are an effective alternative treatment to CPAP. However, different maneuvers have been performed during the performance of drug sleep-induced endoscopy (DISE) to mimic the effect of MAD. Using the Selector Avance Mandibular (SAM) device, we aimed to identify MAD candidates during DISE using a titratable, reprodu...

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are known to suffer from subtle cognitive and balance deficits from the early stages although they usually manifest in advanced stages. Postural instability (PI) has been correlated with slower information processing speed. Simple reaction time (SRT) tasks can be used to measure the speed of informatio...

Resumen Introducción Guía para la práctica clínica en neurorrehabilitación de personas adultas con daño cerebral adquirido de la Sociedad Española de Neurorrehabilitación. Documento basado en la revisión de guías de práctica clínica internacionales publicadas entre 2013-2020. Desarrollo Se establecen recomendaciones según el nivel de evidencia qu...

Introduction: A subgroup of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show self or heteroaggression, dyscontrol episodes, and others are of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) profile; some of them are resistant to medical and behavioural treatment. We describe the long-term outcome in a group of these patients, treated with radiofrequency brai...

BSTRACT Primary objective: The aim of the study was twofold. First, to study the relationship among apathy in the long term, initial clinical measures, and standard outcome scores after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Second, to describe white matter integrity correlates of apathy symptoms. Research Design: Correlational study. Methods and Procedur...

Objective: Phonological and semantic verbal fluency (VF) tasks are frequently used to assess language and executive functions in both clinical and research settings. F, A, and S are the most commonly used letters in phonological tasks across languages and cultures. Unfortunately, the lack of norms for the native Spanish population for these letter...

Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) present neuropsychological deficits across different cognitive domains, especially in executive functioning and information processing speed. Some studies have even suggested that speed deficits may underlie poor neuropsychological performance. However, this hypothesis remains unanswered in both OCD...

Severe traumatic brain injury residual cognitive impairments significantly impact the quality of life. EEG-based neurofeedback is a technique successfully used in traumatic brain injury and stroke to rehabilitate cognitive and motor sequelae. There are not individualized comparisons of the effects of EEG-based neurofeedback versus conventional neur...

Aim To report on the impact of COVID-19 on a brain damage unit. Methods We reviewed the records of all patients admitted to our brain damage unit. The study included all the significant clinical events from the first RT-PCR assay (April 8th, 2020) for SARS-CoV-2 to the day all patients tested negative (June 8th, 2020). Results Of the 20 patients...

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. This disease is characterized by motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity. Although balance impairment is characteristic of advanced stages, it can be present with less intensity since the beginning of the disease. Approximately 60% of PD pa...

Introduction: Bradyphrenia is a key cognitive feature in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is no consensus on whether information processing speed is impaired or not beyond motor performance. Objective: This study aims to explore which perceptual, motor, or cognitive components of information processing are involved in the slowdown affecting cogniti...

The entire world is experiencing an unprecedented global health crisis and Spain has been one of the most heavily affected countries within Europe. Unexpected rapid changes and reorganization of medical services that occurred during the pandemic lead to an impact in the practice of neurorehabilitation. The idiosyncrasies typical of neurorehabilitat...

Increasing findings suggest that different components of the stimulus-response pathway (perceptual, motor or cognitive) may account for slowed performance in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It has also been reported that depressive symptoms (DS) exacerbate slowness in MS. However, no prior studies have explored the independent and joint impact of MS and D...

Objective: 85 years after the description of the Stroop interference effect, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the cognitive constructs underlying scores from standardized versions of the test. The present work aimed to clarify the cognitive mechanisms underlying direct (word-reading, color-naming, and color-word) and derived scores (in...

Objective: To measure in PD patients with normal cognitive screening the clinical and instrumental measures of postural stability (PS) and ana- lyze their relationship with cognitive processing speed (CPS) measured with computerized a reaction time task (RT). Background: Balance alterations in PD are late manifestations but with implicit great morb...

OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychiatric condition. The authors present their experience with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in the treatment of patients with OCD resistant to any medical therapy. METHODS Patients with severe OCD resistant to all pharmacological and psychiatric treatments who were treated with anterio...

A century of research in human brain parcellation has demonstrated that different brain areas are associated with functional tasks. New neuroscientist perspectives to achieve the parcellation of the human brain have been developed to know the brain areas activation and its relationship with different stimuli. This descriptive study aimed to compare...

Background and objectives Several studies have shown misconceptions about brain injury in different populations. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and perceptions about brain injury of family members of neurosurgical patients in our hospital. Material and methods The participants (n = 81) were relatives of patients admitted to the...

Background and objectives: Several studies have shown misconceptions about brain injury in different populations. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and perceptions about brain injury of family members of neurosurgical patients in our hospital. Material and methods: The participants (n=81) were relatives of patients admitted to th...

Cognitive impairment is a core aspect of schizophrenia. Studies have postulated that it is the basis of the disease as evidenced by its independent and persistent quality and its relation to prognosis. Research on cognitive deficits in psychotic disorders has led to the development of intervention strategies for the cognitive rehabilitation of thes...

El conocimiento de las funciones ejecutivas y de los procesos responsables de coordinar la conducta humana compleja constituye un objetivo formativo indispensable para la labor del logopeda. Esta guía pretende ayudar a subsanar el vacío existente sobre el tema y animar a los logopedas y a otros profesionales de campos afines (neuropsicología, terap...

Background: Slowness of information processing has been suggested as a fundamental factor modulating cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the contribution of depressive symptoms (DS) to slowness remains unclear. One of the most accepted hypotheses on the impact of depression on the general population suggests that depression i...

Introducción Objetivos Los cuidadores familiares de enfermos de Alzheimer (CFEA) desempeñan un papel esencial en el cuidado de estos pacientes. Las altas exigencias del cuidado, pueden producir consecuencias físicas, psicológicas o sociales. El problema se hace especialmente dramático en Galicia, con una población de las más envejecidas de Europa....

Introducción Objetivos Los cuidadores familiares de enfermos de Alzheimer (CFEA) sufren sobrecarga y psicopatologías derivadas del cuidado. Las asociaciones de familiares (AFA) suponen un importante apoyo para los CFEA. La farmacia comunitaria constituye un centro sanitario en el que se brinda al CFEA apoyo en cuanto a atención farmacéutica tanto a...

OBJECTIVE The extent of resection is the most important prognostic factor following brain glioma surgery. However, eloquent areas within tumors limit the extent of resection and, thus, critically affect outcomes. The authors hypothesized that presurgical suppression of the eloquent areas within a tumor by continuous cortical electrical stimulation,...

This study aimed to confirm whether first-episode psychosis patients present a stable trait impairment in theory of mind (ToM) and to examine the potential relationship between ToM and clinical symptomatology and neurocognition. Patients with a first episode of psychosis (N = 160) and healthy controls (N = 159) were assessed with an extensive neuro...

To evaluate the profile of family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients, identify any signs of psychopathology, quantify the level of perceived burden on the caregiver, and determine the caregiver's relationship with their pharmacist. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a community pharmacy in Pontevedra, Spain. Demographic variables were...

Introducción: El cuidado diario de un familiar enfermo de Alzheimer (EA) supondrá un estrés emocional y físico importante para el cuidador. El resultado puede desembocar en un intenso sentimiento de sobrecarga y conducir a diversas psicopatologías como depresión, ansiedad, agresividad, astenia psicofísica, etc. El aumento en la incidencia de la enf...

INTRODUCTION. Synesthesia is a neural phenomenon in which stimulation in one sensory or cognitive stream leads to associated experiences in a second, unstimulated stream. These activations occur involuntarily, automatically and consistently over time. AIM. To estimate the relative frequency of the different modalities of the phenomenon in a Spanish...

The Stroop Color-Word Test is a useful tool to evaluate executive attention and speed of processing. Recent studies have provided norms for different populations of healthy individuals to avoid misinterpretation of scores due to demographic and cultural differences. In addition, clinical norms may improve the assessment of cognitive dysfunction sev...

Grapheme-color synesthetes experience consistent, automatic and idiosyncratic colors associated with specific letters and numbers. Frequently, these specific associations exhibit achromatic synesthetic qualities (e.g. white, black or gray). In this study, we have investigated for the first time the neural basis of achromatic synesthesias, their rel...

Patients with moderate ictus effects, show difficulties in activities such as walk or balance which affect daily basic activities and mobility. Tools that can be used to rehabilitate these deficits are balance platform and virtual reality systems.Those give feedback to the patient while making exercises related to recover neuromotor elements with b...

En el presente capítulo se aborda una introducción a las técnicas existentes en el momento actual para el desarrollo de los objetivos de la disciplina científica denominada neurociencia cognitiva. Este campo del conocimiento en continuo desarrollo, centrado en esclarecer las relaciones entre el cerebro y la conducta, dispone hoy de un sofisticado a...

Although neutral faces do not initially convey an explicit emotional message, it has been found that individuals tend to assign them an affective content. Moreover, previous research has shown that affective judgments are mediated by the task they have to perform. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 21 healthy participants, we focus this...

Grapheme-color synesthesia is a neurological phenomenon in which viewing achromatic letters/numbers leads to automatic and involuntary color experiences. In this study, voxel-based morphometry analyses were performed on T1 images and fractional anisotropy measures to examine the whole brain in associator grapheme-color synesthetes. These analyses p...

Introduction: Reduced speed of information processing seems to characterize neuropsychological performance in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, the impact in speed of information processing of depressive symptoms, that are highly prevalent in this population, has not been precisely defined yet due to the presence of some methodological li...

[This corrects the article on p. e37082 in vol. 7.].

Exogenous attention can be understood as an adaptive tool that permits the detection and processing of biologically salient events even when the individual is engaged in a resource-consuming task. Indirect data suggest that the spatial frequency of stimulation may be a crucial element in this process. Behavioral and neural data (both functional and...

The advent of new signal processing methods, such as non-linear analysis techniques, represents a new perspective which adds further value to brain signals' analysis. Particularly, Lempel-Ziv's Complexity (LZC) has proven to be useful in exploring the complexity of the brain electromagnetic activity. However, an important problem is the lack of kno...

The consequences of acquired brain injury include impairments in cognition, emotion, and behaviour. Neuro-psychology provides techniques for treating these disorders, but it is still important to establish which of all the available tools are most effective for this purpose. This article reviews existing studies on the effectiveness of neuropsychol...

The consequences of acquired brain injury include impairments in cognition, emotion and behaviour. Neuro-psychology provides techniques for treating these disorders, but it is still important to establish which of all the available tools are most effective for this purpose. This article reviews existing studies on the effectiveness of neuropsycholo...

As the impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on society expands, the reaction aimed at neutralizing its effects also increases. In Spain, an initiative arisen from the highest institution of the State has launched a crusade for fighting the disease from a multidisciplinary stance. In 2002, the "Alzheimer Project" of the Reina Sofia Foundation was an...

The involvement of striatum in affective processes has been consistently reported in recent years. However, studies within this field have mainly focused on positive affect, revealing the involvement of striatum in reward situations. The present research aimed to explore the involvement of striatum in negative affect through fMRI. To that aim, part...

The aim of this study was to clarify which cognitive mechanisms underlie Trail Making Test (TMT) direct and derived scores. A comprehensive review of the literature on the topic was carried out to clarify which cognitive factors had been related to TMT performance. Following the review, we explored the relative contribution from working memory, inh...