
Marcos Bergmann CarlucciFederal University of Paraná | UFPR · Department of Botany
Marcos Bergmann Carlucci
PhD
About
65
Publications
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Introduction
I am an ecologist with special interest on the assembly of communities at varying spatial and temporal scales. I use both trait- and phylogeny-based approaches to address niche- and history-related questions in community ecology. Most of my published work is purely theoretical, but I am also interested in conservation issues, especially on restoration ecology.
Additional affiliations
Education
March 2011 - October 2014
March 2009 - February 2011
March 2004 - December 2008
Publications
Publications (65)
O Parque Estadual do Monge – PEM (Lapa, Paraná, Brasil) possui uma área de 297,83hectares, coberto por remanescentes de Floresta com Araucária e campos naturais. O parque ainda integra a área da Escarpa Devoniana, uma formação arenítica que é típica do Segundo planalto do estado do Paraná. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo, apresentar uma lis...
Mosaics of forest and grassland are frequent in South Brazilian landscapes, both in the highlands of the Atlantic Forest and southward into the Pampa regions. The grasslands are relicts of a previous drier and colder climate and are currently subject to woody encroachment and forest expansion. These processes are dynamic and observed mosaic pattern...
Araucaria angustifolia-'araucaria'-is a critically endangered conifer tree of great ecological, economic, and cultural importance occurring in subtropical forests and grasslands in southern Brazil. Using ecological niche modeling we estimated its distribution in the present and future scenarios (2050), assessed sources of uncertainties, evaluated t...
Logging and agricultural exploitation have led to the degradation of Araucaria Forest remnants and the alteration of its last preserved patches. This forest typology contains many endangered plant species, as is the case of the tree Oreopanax fulvus Marchal. To support conservation of this species and understand how different landscape matrices can...
Upscaling trait‐based restoration to regional levels is necessary as we enter the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. For this, we need to select species that achieve functional targets considering the regional species pool.
Here, we present a framework to achieve multiple restoration targets using a regional species pool containing the species ava...
Feijoa sellowiana (O.Berg) O. Berg is an ornamental and food plant, as well as an important species for ecological restoration and landscaping that still requires much research before consolidating it in the tropical market. To understand if the implementation of techniques focusing on improving fruit production at its wild condition would affect t...
The Mariana disaster, resulting from the rupture of the Fundão tailings storage facility (TSF) in 2015, was a large‐scale environmental disaster that drastically affected the entire channel of the Rio Doce, southeastern Brazil. The disaster produced substantial channel siltation, increased turbidity, riparian damage and a massive fish kill. However...
In Brazil, the country with the highest plant species richness in the world, biodiverse savannas and grasslands – i.e., grassy ecosystems, which occupy 27% of the country – have historically been neglected in conservation and scientific treatments. Reasons for this neglect include misconceptions about the characteristics and dynamics of these ecosy...
Although the Araucaria Mixed Forest has long been recognized for their woods and ecosystem services, we still lack basic information on what tree species occur there. Habitat loss and overexploitation have led several tree species of this forest into an extinction process. Therefore, it is urgent to compile what are the tree species of this forest...
Biodiversity can be quantified by taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. Current evidence points to a lack of congruence between the spatial distribution of these facets due to evolutionary and ecological constraints. A lack of congruence is especially evident between phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity since the name and number of spe...
The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a global biodiversity hotspot and has been extensively mapped using satellite remote sensing. However, past mapping focused on overall forest cover without consideration of keystone plant resources such as Araucaria angustifolia. A. angustifolia is a critically endangered coniferous tree that is essential for suppor...
Questions
Along the successional gradient, do old growth forests retain more evolutionary history and more reproductive trait diversity? How similar are the phylogenetic branches and reproductive attributes at each phase? In which succession stages distinct lineages of trees and shrubs are present? Do distinct lineages have distinct traits? Is ther...
Savanna tree communities occurring in confluence zones with other biomes likely experience different environmental pressures, resulting in shifts in the selection of individual traits, the combinations of such traits, and species composition. In seasonally dry fire-prone environments, plant survival is presumably associated with adaptive changes in...
Species‐rich communities are composed of several locally rare and a few abundant species. A trait‐based approach can derive general explanations for such species abundance distribution. However, for tree species in forests, the intraspecific variation of traits associated with the ontogeny and understory/canopy conditions must be considered. Here,...
South Brazilian grasslands are at risk due to climate change and activities that convert native vegetation into agricultural lands. We used 12 native palm species as ecological indicators of these ecosystems to evaluate the impact of climate and land-use changes on their geographical distribution. We estimated the potential distribution of species...
The southern Atlantic Forest comprises tropical dense, seasonal, and mixed forests, occurring south of the Doce River in S and SE Brazil, NE Argentina, and SE Paraguay. These forests harbor high biodiversity but have been severely degraded along the centuries following the arrival of Europeans to South America. We revisit the history of use and deg...
Elevation gradients are drivers of species diversity, and, recently, studies have considered the evolu- tionary process in shaping community assembly patterns. Patterns of plant species richness across elevational gra- dients have been studied in different parts of the Atlantic Forest; however, little is known about plant phylogenetic diversity pat...
Biodiversity shortfalls are knowledge gaps that may result from uneven sampling through time and space and human interest biases. Gaps in data of functional traits of species may add uncertainty in functional diversity and structure measures and hinder inference on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services, with negative implications for conserv...
It has been increasingly argued that ecological restoration should focus more on targeting ecosystem services than on species composition of reference ecosystems. In this sense, the role that species play on community assembly and functioning through their functional traits is very relevant, because effect traits mediate ecosystem processes, ultima...
The application of a functional trait‐based approach to ecological restoration is receiving growing attention worldwide, but lack of knowledge on functional traits and how they link to ecosystem services imposes a major barrier to operationalize such approach. Synthesizing the existing knowledge on functional trait‐based restoration is thus a timel...
The relationship between plant functional traits and soil variables is useful for understanding plant community composition and circumscribing plant functional groups to highlight their adaptations to environmental conditions. The principal aim of this study was to explain assembly patterns of coastal vegetation using functional traits along a shor...
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research sp...
Questions
What is the relative influence of: (i) traits related to dispersal (seed size) and growth (specific leaf area), and; (ii) regional species abundances, on the structure of local sapling communities? Which metacommunity models best explain the process of forest nucleation in grasslands?.
Location
Woody vegetation patches originating from n...
Coexisting species may be evolutionarily proximate or distant, resulting in phylogenetically poor or rich communities. This variation is often considered to result from present assembly processes. We argue that, under certain conditions, deep-past processes might control the phylogenetic diversity of communities. First, deep-past effects involve ma...
Seasonal forests and savannas often occur side by side in Neotropical landscapes, so it is possible to find plant species in both or in just one of these two contrasting habitats. But, what adaptations to the prevailing environmental conditions explain species occurrence in these habitats? In this study, we tested the hypotheses that (i) distinct e...
Functional traits mediate ecological responses of organisms to the environment, determining community structure. Community-weighted trait means (CWM) are often used to characterize communities by combining information on species traits and distribution. Relating CWM variation to environmental gradients allows for evaluating species sorting across t...
The Neotropics, Afrotropics and Madagascar have different histories which have influenced their respective patterns of diversity. Based on current knowledge of these histories, we developed the following predictions about the phylogenetic structure and composition of rainforest tree communities: (Hypothesis 1) isolation of Gondwanan biotas generate...
The phylogenetic community assembly approach has been used to elucidate the role of ecological and historical processes in shaping tropical tree communities. Recent studies have shown that stressful environments, such as seasonally dry, white-sand and flooded forests tend to be phylogenetically clustered, arguing for niche conservatism as the main...
Background
Functional and phylogenetic diversity are increasingly used to infer the important community assembly processes that have structured local communities, which is one of the most fundamental issues in ecology. However, there are critical assumptions and pitfalls associated with these analyses, which can create ambiguity in interpreting re...
The Neotropics, Afrotropics and Madagascar have different histories which have influenced their respective patterns of diversity. Based on current knowledge of these histories, we developed the following predictions about the phylogenetic structure and composition of rainforest tree communities: (Hypothesis 1) isolation of Gondwanan biotas generate...
Recent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variation (ITV) may better
address major questions in community ecology. However, a general picture of the relative extent
of ITV compared to interspecific trait variation in plant communities is still missing. Here, we
conducted a meta-analysis of the relative extent of ITV within a...
Recent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variation (ITV) may better address major questions in community ecology. However, a general picture of the relative extent of ITV compared to interspecific trait variation in plant communities is still missing. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relative extent of ITV within a...
Background: Inselbergs are known to influence vegetation patterns worldwide. In extra-tropical areas, opposing slopes of inselbergs have different exposures to solar radiation; for example, in southern South America, north-facing slopes are more exposed to solar radiation than south-facing slopes, both in terms of angle and period of incidence. Aim...
QuestionsWhat is the magnitude of between-species trait variability (BSV) and within-species trait variability (WSV) of specific leaf area (SLA) in a sapling meta-community? To what extent do species turnover and WSV influence community-level mean trait responses to an environmental gradient and trait spread patterns across this gradient? What is t...
Aim
Disentangling the effects of climate and historical factors on biodiversity distribution remains a challenge for biogeographers. Here, we provide an analytical framework to discriminate the contributions of contemporary climate and the biogeographical history of taxa to the geographical distributions of phylogenetic lineages. Furthermore, we ev...
Background
We evaluated the direct and indirect influence of climate, land use, phylogenetic structure, species richness and endemism on the distribution of New World threatened amphibians.
Methodology/Principal Findings
We used the WWF’s New World ecoregions, the WWFs amphibian distributional data and the IUCN Red List Categories to obtain the nu...
Scaling-up of phylogenetic data from species to the site level employed in this study. Matrices are: SF with phylogenetic pairwise similarities of species, Q′ is a transposed matrix with degrees of species belonging to every other species based on SF, standardized within columns, W with presence of species in sites, P with phylogeny-weighted specie...
Pearson correlation coefficient between the number of threatened amphibian species according to the three different scenarios (urgent, moderate and most inclusive), richness of amphibian species, endemism, two climatic axes, proportion of cover of villages and wildlands and the three axes of phylogenetic structure, all in residual form, which were...
Raw data of richness of amphibian species, endemism and number of threatened amphibian species according to the three different scenarios (urgent, moderate and most inclusive) for each ecoregion, which were used in the analysis. The urgent scenario, containing only CR species and those EW and EX, the moderate scenario containing all EN species and...
Background/Question/Methods
Although ecologists have extensively documented how communities change along environmental gradients, understanding the ecological processes that create those patterns has been more elusive. Recent initiatives to move beyond taxonomic based assessments and incorporate functional trait and phylogenetic information into...
Background/Question/Methods
Recent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variability (ITV) is essential to understand community assembly. Even clearer is the importance of phylogeny for community assembly, given that organism relatedness may affect assembly mechanisms (e.g., limiting similarity and environmental filtering). De...
Are trait-convergence assembly patterns (TCAP) and/or trait-divergence assembly patterns (TDAP) of tree sapling communities related to microhabitat gradients in forest patches? If so, which traits are related to such patterns? What are the niche mechanisms potentially responsible for community assembly?
Grassland–forest mosaic in Serra do Sudeste r...
The vegetation in the southern Brazilian highlands is characterized by Araucaria forest and Campos grassland.
Evidences indicate that Araucaria forest is currently expanding over grassland and that this expansion may occur by nucleation
or edge dynamics. Nucleation mechanisms of Araucaria forest expansion are well documented, whereas mechanisms of...
We evaluated the functional relevance of diaspore traits related to disperser attraction (DAT) of woody plants as
indicators of plant-disperser mutualisms in the colonization of Araucaria forest patches in southern Brazil. Diaspores of colonizer
plant genera were characterized in relation to DAT (diaspore type, size and color). We discriminated the...
Questions: Do small rocky outcrops favor forest plant colonization and establishment in grasslands? If so, what are the potential mechanisms involved in this process?
Location: Araucaria forest and Campos grassland mosaic in southern Brazilian highlands (29°29′S, 50°12′W).
Methods: We collected data on the density of forest woody species in plots l...
Aim Our objective was to evaluate the influence of distinct macroecological factors (space, floristics and environment) on the variation in seed dispersal strategies of shrubs and trees in the Araucaria forest biome in the southern and south-eastern Brazilian highlands. We hypothesize that history-related factors (space, floristics) are major deter...
Questions: In a natural grassland-forest mosaic: What is the influence of phylogeny and diaspore traits related to disperser attraction (DAT) on (1) seed size/number trade-off (SSNT) in woody species colonizing forest patches; (2) on the frequency of the species? 3. What is the influence of forest patch area on mean seed size and number. 4. Do phyl...
INTRODUÇÃO Os fatores considerados essenciais na determinação dos padrões de vegetação têm sido basicamente solo e clima (Rambo 1994). No entanto, outros fatores podem influenciar a dinâmica e os padrões de vegetação, como regime de fogo (Pillar 2003), pastejo (Pillar & Quadros 1997), dispersão de diásporos e facilitação (Duarte et al. 2006). A pai...