Marco Sorrentino

Università degli Studi di Salerno | UNISA · Department of Industrial Engineering (DIIn)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFCS) and electrolyser (PEMELS) systems, together with a hydrogen storage tank (HST), are suitable to be integrated with renewable microgrids to cover intermittency and fully exploit the excess of electrical energy. Such an integration perfectly fits telecom tower power supply needs, both in off-grid and grid-c...

div class="section abstract"> This work aims at addressing the challenge of reconciling the surge in road transportation with the need to reduce CO₂ emissions. The research particularly focuses on exploring the potential of fuel cell technology in long-distance road haulage, which is currently a major solution proposed by relevant manufa...

In this study, two integrated systems are proposed and analysed: an air source heat pump (ASHP) coupled with either high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) or low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (LT-PEMFCs), where the exhaust gases from the PEMFCs are used to increase the external air temperature to the evap...

Available @ https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1gfYIin8VkG9H

This work presents a thermal management strategy for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles under low-temperature conditions. Protecting the fuel cell system (FCS) and battery pack from such operating conditions prevent their degradation and performance decay. Thus, an approach similar to the keep-warm strategy is proposed to avoid the well-known issue...

A study on the usefulness of flexible mathematical tools for determining the optimal architecture of fuel cell hybrid vehicles is presented. Starting from a pre-existing powertrain and control strategies co-optimization tool, the technological (especially in terms of lithium battery type) search domain was first expanded by including an updated bat...

This paper proposes and examines a highly integrated microgrid based on a reversible solid oxide cell, aimed at satisfying electrical and thermal loads of a 20-unit residential complex as well as the demands of electric and fuel cell vehicles. Such a system has been conceived as a profitable ready-made solution to be embedded into existing plants a...

Multi-layer-perceptron-feedforward neural-networks (MLPFFNNs) are proposed to monitor electricity consumption of generic telecommunication sites, thus addressing well-known energy saving and environmental issues. The proposed prediction tool helps infer telecommunication site efficiency, thus enabling undertaking suitable energy intelligence action...

Recovering solar energy during parking phases can significantly improve light-duty vehicles' fuel economy (FE) and help in reducing greenhouse gas impact and harmful tailpipe emissions. Nevertheless, the contribution due to off-driving photovoltaic (PV) recharging shall be adequately accounted for when approaching the development and testing of ene...

As an energy conversion and generation device that converts hydrogen energy into electrical energy, the solid oxide fuel cell is one of the most promising fuel cells. However, thermal stability is the major reason for the shortened solid oxide fuel cell lifetime of hybrid electric vehicles usage. In existing solid oxide fuel cell system, the peak t...

The paper presents a diagnostic tool aimed at improving energy conservation and thermal management within telecommunication sites. Malfunctions of data acquisition and electronic and cooling systems were analyzed. Fault tree analysis methodology was applied to develop the targeted fault signature matrix‐based detection and isolation schemes. Specif...

Innovative vehicle concepts have been developed in the past years in the automotive sector , including alternative drive systems such as hybrid and battery electric vehicles, so as to meet the environmental targets and cope with the increasingly stringent emissions regulations. The preferred hybridizing technology is lithium-ion battery, thanks to...

Safety and reliability are key objectives for the efficient operation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power generation systems. Out of many possible faults, the gas leakage of SOFC stack remains a critical issue that leading to efficiency reduction or even degradation. Therefore, the real-time monitoring and diagnosis of gas leakage in the power ge...

In reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC)-based renewable microgrids connected to the network, control logic optimizing the power split with the grid is needed. The benefits associated with such configuration are assessed and compared to an islanded reversible microgrid, previously designed via a model-based approach. Multiple loads are met, including...

A model is developed that allows simulating the most-likely failures possibly occurring in freecooling (FC) systems of telecommunication (TLC) switching rooms. Main aim is to provide an effective and online implementable diagnosis method, which in turn will allow fulfilling the threefold function of safeguarding electronic equipment, ensuring desir...

A real-time applicable adaptive power split controller for fuel cell hybrid vehicles is proposed. Simulation analyses were carried-out on a high degree of hybridization (i.e., with small fuel cell size) vehicle configuration, whose design and control strategies were simultaneously optimized by exploiting a specification-independent power-split cont...

Article available at https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1bhtE15eiez%7Ef%7E The present paper describes an innovative and generalizable approach to apply fault mitigation strategies to fuel cell powered systems, upon information on system State of Health and Remaining Useful Life. Model-based approach is proposed to derive useful performance-related...

Electrical energy storage systems are indispensable elements in a renewable power generation plant, since sources such as solar and wind are by nature intermittent and therefore not always available when necessary. Reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs) can be fruitfully integrated within renewable microgrids, thus providing an effective solution to...

The present paper aims to develop an innovative real-time power management strategy dedicated to the efficient operation of an auxiliary power unit (APU) in a heavy-duty vehicle. Specifically, the APU comprises a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system and a Lead-Acid battery pack. The power management strategy envisages optimal power sharing between t...

This paper presents a real-time and approximately optimal energy management strategy (EMS) based on Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP), considering both fuel economy and power source durability. To develop the target strategy, performance degradation models are built for two power sources: a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a lithium ion ba...

In this paper, a dynamic programming-based optimization analysis is performed to quantitatively assess the energy-saving potential associated to the battery hybridization of railcars, which is nowadays regarded as a high-potential solution to reduce the greenhouse-gas impact of regional trains. A computationally effective longitudinal model is firs...

In this study, a novel solar-based system, consisting of photovoltaic panels, photoelectrochemical water splitting reactor along with the fuel cell system, is proposed and analyzed thermodynamically through energy and exergy efficiencies. It mainly provides electricity and heat to a small community, with the possibility of running off-grid and stil...

This article presents the development of a constrained optimization algorithm, whose scope is to support the preliminary design of a renewable microgrid, integrating solar panels and wind turbines with reversible solid oxide cells. The motivations behind this research activity lie in the increasing interest in renewable-based production and on-site...

This paper introduces and indicates how to deploy a novel energy metric, to be adopted for advanced monitoring and diagnosis of telecommunication central offices and data centers. Such an activity is motivated by the worldwide increasing telecommunication players awareness of the need to substantially reduce their energy demand, both to increase th...

This article addresses a generalized scaling-up technique applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Such a methodology allows simulating the impedance related to a full stack from that of a single cell or short stack, combining experimental data with physical reasoning and phenomenological modelling. The use of such technique can reduce elect...

https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1YcFHin8VW8uI

This work focuses on the development of an optimization tool aimed at the preliminary design of a microgrid integrating renewable energy conversion systems, such as solar panels and wind turbines, with reversible solid oxide cells (rSOC). Models with acceptable compromise between accuracy and computational burden were built by referring to the lite...

A novel energy metric is presented, to be adopted for monitoring and diagnosis of telecommunication (TLC) central offices (COFs). Such an activity is motivated by the TLC players need to substantially reduce their energy demand, both to increase their market competitiveness and meet the stringent green-house gas (GHG) emission regulations. The prop...

The present paper describes a generalized scaling-up methodology applied to Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. The use of proper scaling-up algorithms can reduce testing costs within fuel cell manufacturing process by evaluating full stack performance (i.e., impedance behavior) from a single cell/short stack measurement. The algorithm here de...

The paper presents model-based scenario analyses of micro and mild tri-hybrid vehicle configurations, related to existing conventional vehicles equipped with small power proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC) systems and, eventually, additional battery pack. The analyses are intended to support short-to medium-term development of fuel cell p...

A signal-based diagnostic technique is proposed to enable remote monitoring of free-cooling (FC) systems operation in telecommunication (TLC) environments. The presented activity falls within a comprehensive energy intelligence action, which TIM-Telecom Italia has been carrying-on since more than a decade in its most strategic central offices and d...

This work focuses on the development of a control and diagnosis-oriented model of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) integrated system module (ISM). Fuel cell researchers and developers are currently investing significant resources on such fuel cell-based energy conversion systems, as a consequence of their adaptability to a variety of applications and...

This paper aims at deepening the theme of monitoring and energetic diagnosis of telecommunication (TLC) central offices, via the development and application of innovative performance parameters, whose objective is to detect the presence of anomalous energy absorption of the electronic equipment and cooling systems. Firstly, extensive energy analysi...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising technologies in energy conversion. Nevertheless, improper operating conditions can severely affect the fuel cell (FC) lifespan. It is a matter of fact, that several degradation mechanisms could take place inside the cell in case of abnormal operating conditions. Among these, im...

The paper focuses on the development of an adaptive NOx emissions model, whose intended deployment is to provide accurate estimation, throughout engine lifetime, in correspondence of the engine exhaust port of a Diesel propulsion system. Particularly, black-box modelling approach is proposed, which specifically in this paper takes advantage of an i...

This work focuses on the development of a fast PEMFC impedance model, built starting from both physical and geometrical variables. Buckingham's π theorem is proposed to define non-dimensional parameters that allow suitably describing the relationships linking the physical variables involved in the process under-study to the fundamental dimensions....

The paper presents a lumped zero dimensional (0D) model for the simulation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack thermal dynamics. Particularly, a dedicated sub-model is developed, via a mixed gray/black-box modeling approach, to suitably treat the heat exchange mechanisms between the stack and its surrounding environment. Such a sub-model was embe...

This work illustrates an innovative diagnostic technique able to improve fault isolability in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) energy conversion systems. On-board sensor reduction may induce fault clustering and, thus, hinder univocal fault isolation. According to the proposed technique, isolated system component sub-models, fed with faulty inputs, can...

Power generation systems based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems (SOFC) are one of the most promising technology in renewable (or more efficient) energy generation thanks to low emissions, high performance, modularity and noiseless. This work aims at developing a dynamic model of an integrated system module called Diamond-A using solid oxide fuel ce...

This work illustrates an advanced technique able to improve fault isolability. Univocal fault isolation may be hindered by on-board sensor reduction, since fault clustering can occur. According to the proposed technique, isolated system component models, fed with faulty inputs, are used to compute a set of redundant residuals reacting only if the r...

The paper presents and discusses the versatility of a first principle based model aimed at performing extensive energy scenario analyses for single telecommunication (TLC) equipment rooms. Such a modeling approach is currently under implementation on an intranet platform specifically developed to perform real-time monitoring and diagnosis, as well...

To meet current Diesel engine pollutant legislation, it is important to manage after-treatment devices. The paper describes the development of Neural Network based virtual sensors used to estimate NOx emissions at the exhaust of automotive Diesel engines. Suitable identification methodologies and experimental tests were developed with the aim of me...

A methodology is proposed for on-line monitoring of cooling load supplied by Telecommunication (TLC) cooling systems. Sensible cooling load is estimated via a proportional integral controller-based input estimator, whereas a lumped parameters model was developed aiming at estimating air handling units (AHUs) latent heat load removal. The joint depl...

The paper deals with a model-based analysis of innovative cooling systems, to be deployed in telecommunication (TLC) plants in consideration of their size, geographical location and typology (e.g. central Offices or data-centers). Environmentally friendly systems, such as geothermal heat pumps and trigeneration plants, were considered. The trade-...

This paper deals with the potential fuel savings of power sources hybridization obtained through an accurate Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) model, of a new range of railcar, deduced from a reverse engineering process. Two different solutions of Energy Storage System (ESS) have been studied: a first hybridization with Lithium Capacitors...

The present work proposes an in-deep analysis of a heuristic control strategy, developed in such a way as to enhance model-based design of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs). Particularly, suited normalization and denormalization techniques are proposed, so as to adapt optimized control rules to a number of FCHEV powertrains, ranging from...

Method for determining the state of an electrochemical device by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and equivalent circuit model (ECM) comprising the steps of measuring the system impedance by any EIS device, modelling the measured impedance by an ECM, identifying the ECM parameters through an automatic minimization algorithm, an...

This book presents methodologies suitable for the optimal design of control and diagnosis strategies for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) systems. One key feature of the methodologies presented is the use of modeling tools with an ideal balance between accuracy and computational burden. Particular emphasis is given to the useful combination of models w...

Real-world deployment of SOFC systems entails developing suitable control strategies, which particularly have to guarantee meeting electrical load demand, while limiting as much as possible thermal stresses for ceramic components. In this way, undesirable excessive degradation can be prevented and, in turn, longer lifetime can be achieved. Therefor...

The correct operation of an SOFC system is ensured by combining optimal design and effective control and diagnostic strategies, to guarantee system efficiency and prevent excessive degradation or undesired faulty states. In this way, system lifetime can increase and market requirements be fulfilled, with a consequent growth in SOFC systems producti...

This chapter presents a hierarchical approach to model SOFC behavior during both steady and transient conditions. The recourse to such an approach is motivated by the high computational intensity characterizing optimization algorithms, especially those aiming at large-scale design and definition of on-field applicable control and diagnosis strategi...

Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) modelling approach is proposed to perform model-based reverse-engineering of a new railcar range, having six propulsion units, each consisting of a diesel engine and a traction motor. Particularly, EMR intrinsic features were exploited to perform phenomenological structuration of power flows, thus allowing...

This paper presents (i) an algorithm for the detection of unexpected stack voltage deviations in an Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)-based power system with multiple stacks and (ii) its validation in a simulated online environment. The algorithm is based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and is validated by using operating data from the Wärtsilä WFC...

Personal transportation has a significant impact on the residential electric energy usage due to the interaction of alternative fueled vehicles with the electric grid. This phenomenon is projected to grow significantly, as several studies confirm that the market penetration of alternative fueled vehicles will steadily increase in the future. This p...

Main aim of this paper was to exploit the well-known Willans line method in a twofold manner: indeed, beyond the usual identification of Willans line parameters to enable internal combustion engine scaling, it is also proposed to infer further information from identified parameters and correlations, particularly aiming at characterizing mechanical...

This work focuses on the identification and validation of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) stack model that accounts for anode off-gas recycling (AOGR) inclusion. A lumped dynamic modelling approach is adopted to simulate temperature and gas composition at the stack anode outlet. The model is able to simulate the dynamic response of the stack during...

In this paper a feedforward-feedback control design for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power systems is proposed. The feedforward part of the controller reacts to the electrical current demand as well as the stoichometry of electro-oxidation and reforming processes. Feedback part performs corrections of the controlled system output by additional mani...

The interest towards anode off-gas recycling (AOGR) in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) systems has recently increased, mainly due to the potential electrical efficiency improvement, as well as to the possibility of avoiding feeding external water for fuel reforming, when adopting such a configuration. However, advanced system control is necessary to e...

Smooth and timely control actions improve the efficiency and durability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power systems. In this paper a systematic feedforward-feedback approach to control design for SOFC power systems is proposed. The control aim is to regulate the temperature of and the temperature difference over the stack by manipulating the air...

In this paper a 1-D steady-state model of a planar cylindrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is described. The SOFC 1-D model developed has been applied for both co-flow and counter-flow configurations. The computational domain selected is a symmetrical single cell slice with an angle of twenty degrees (i.e. one eighteen of the entire cell). The cel...

The paper focuses on the design of a procedure for the development of an on-field diagnostic algorithm for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems. The diagnosis design phase relies on an in-deep analysis of the mutual interactions among all system components by exploiting the physical knowledge of the SOFC system as a whole. This phase consists of th...

The paper reports on the activities performed within the European funded project GENIUS to develop black-box models for modeling and diagnosis of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks. Two modeling techniques were investigated, i.e. Neural Networks (NNs) and Statistical Tools (STs). The deployment of NNs was twofold: Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)...

It is recognised worldwide how hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) currently represents a key technology to reduce automotive fuel consumption and related emissions. Nevertheless, since HEV market share is still insufficient to produce a significant impact on global energy consumption, also due to the recent global financial crisis, a substantial replace...

A model-based key performance indicator (KPI) is proposed to monitor and suggest useful counteractions, to be undertaken whenever inefficient management of cooling systems is detected. The proposed methodology is applied both at room and central office (CEOF) level over an extended time window. The different modeling approaches required to usefully...

In the current paper a thorough analysis is conducted to assess, on one hand, the impact of vehicle electrification on electric grids and their related infrastructures, and, on the other, its potential contribution to GHG emission reduction. Such an analysis covers the timeframe 2011–2050, thus allowing to assess if the environment friendliness of...

This paper deals with the development of an automotive hybridization kit (equipment, along with associated techniques and methodologies), aimed at converting conventional cars into hybrid solar vehicles (Mild-Solar-Hybrid). The main aspect of the projects consists into the integration of state-of-the-art components (in-wheel motors, photovoltaic pa...

The paper focuses on the experimental identification and validation of a neural network (NN)model of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) aimed at implementing on-field diagnosis of SOFC-based distributed power generators. The use of a black-box model is justified by the complexity and the incomplete knowledge of SOFC electrochemical processes, which may...

The paper describes suited methodologies for developing Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) aimed at estimating NOx emissions at the exhaust of automotive Diesel engines. The proposed methodologies particularly aim at meeting the conflicting needs of feasible on-board implementation of advanced virtual sensors, such as neural network, and satisfactory...

The paper deals with the development of a kit for converting a conventional vehicle into a Through-The_Road (TTR) hybrid solar vehicle. The transformation consists in inserting solar cells on vehicle bonnet and hoof, an additional battery and two electrically driven wheel-motors in the rear wheels. The control of such vehicle is performed via a Veh...

A review of non-model based methodologies applied to diagnosis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system is presented. Three types of non-model based methods including artificial intelligence, statistical method and signal processing method are discussed and compared. The artificial intelligence one, divided into Neural Network (NN), Fuz...

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems (PEMFC)s are interesting devices for energy conversion. Recent researches are aimed at developing new monitoring and diagnosis techniques; a good management of these systems would allow optimizing the performance and reducing their degradation. The objective of a suitable diagnostic tool is to identify...

Despite the recent commercial success of HEVs, their market share is still insufficient to produce a significant impact on energy consumption on a global basis. Moreover, it is unlikely that, in next few years, the scenario will drastically change, since relevant investments on production plants would be needed and the market does not seem to provi...

This paper focuses on the simulation analysis and the experimental implementation of a Rule-Based (RB) control strategy for on-board energy management of a Hybrid Solar Vehicle (HSV), consisting in a series hybrid electric vehicle assisted by photovoltaic panels. The RB strategy consists of two tasks: one external, which determines the final batter...

An integrated mathematical tool is presented to simultaneously design powertrain and control strategies for PEM fuel cell hybrid vehicles. Such an activity is motivated by the positive impact of car electrification on transportation related GHG emissions, and by the potential of hydrogen as an intensive energy carrier to avoid heavy battery packs,...

In the current paper a model-based key performance indicator (KPI) is proposed to monitor and to suggest useful counter-actions, to be undertaken whenever inefficient management of cooling systems is detected, both at single telecommunication room and entire data-center or central office level. At the single room level, a simulator previously devel...

Reliability and lifetime are common issues for the development and commercialization of fuel cells technologies'. As a consequence, their improvement is a major challenge and the last decade has experienced a growing interest in activities that aims at understanding the degradation mechanisms and at developing fuel cell systems diagnosis tools. Fa...

In the paper, the performances of a rule-based (RB) control strategy for a series Hybrid Solar Vehicle (HSV) are assessed via comparison with a batch genetic algorithm-based (GA) optimization. The RB strategy relies on heuristic rules defined by optimizing ICE start&stop strategy as function of average traction power and current solar irradiation....

In the paper, the performances of a rule-based (RB) control strategy for series hybrid vehicles are assessed via comparison with a batch Genetic Algorithm-based (GA) optimization. The suitability of GA optimization as reference benchmark for series architecture is demonstrated through comparison with Dynamic Programming technique. Specifically in t...