
Marco SolmiUniversity of Ottawa · Department of Psychiatry
Marco Solmi
MD, PhD, Psychiatrist
About
563
Publications
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Introduction
Additional affiliations
Education
June 2009 - July 2014
February 2009 - February 2009
September 2002 - July 2008
Publications
Publications (563)
Importance
Cannabis use disorders (CUD) are associated with adverse health effects, including mental disorders and motor vehicle collision-related injuries. However, little is known about whether CUDs are associated with increased mortality risk.
Objective
To examine whether individuals receiving incident hospital-based care (an emergency departme...
Psychiatric, psychological, and behavioral sciences scales provide quantitative representations of phenomena such as emotions, beliefs, functioning, and social role perceptions. Methodologists and researchers have criticized current scale development practices, emphasizing that inaccurate measurements can derail theory development and clinical deci...
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects millions of individuals worldwide, presenting challenges in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing. Despite its prevalence, diagnosis can be lengthy, and access to appropriate treatment varies greatly. This project utilizes the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Mac...
The diagnosis of autism is currently based on the developmental history, direct observation of behavior, and reported symptoms, supplemented by rating scales/interviews/structured observational evaluations—which is influenced by the clinician’s knowledge and experience—with no established diagnostic biomarkers. A growing body of research has been c...
Loneliness, social isolation, and living alone are significant risk factors for mortality, particularly in older adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify their associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults, broadening previous research by including more social factors. Comprehensive searches were...
Importance
Amid escalating mental health challenges among young individuals, intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing postpandemic trends is critical.
Objective
To examine mental health care utilization and prescription rates for children, adolescents, and young adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design, Setting, and Participan...
Background
Eating disorders (EDs) are among the least studied mental disorders in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P). The primary aim (a) of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify factors predicting ED diagnoses in CHR-P individuals. The secondary aim (b) was providing a comprehensive clinical description of i...
The United States Food and Drug Administration approved xanomeline-trospium combination for schizophrenia on September-26-2024. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of xanomeline-trospium in randomized controlled trials in patients with schizophrenia (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Co...
Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) can occur in people exposed to dopamine receptor antagonists (DRAs). Its clinical management remains challenging. We conducted a systematic review/random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) searching PubMed/MEDLINE/PsycINFO/ClinicalTrials.gov/Cochrane Central Register (22/05/2023, pre-defined protocol https://osf.io/b52ae/ )...
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become crucial for evidence-based decision-making in recent decades. However, it is common for the results of multiple reviews on the same topic to be inconsistent, and it is widely recognised that the results of the reviews are not always effectively communicated to healthcare professionals and the lay pub...
There is growing interest in lifestyle interventions as stand-alone and add-on therapies in mental health care due to their potential benefits for both physical and mental health outcomes. We evaluated lifestyle interventions focusing on physical activity, diet, and sleep in adults with severe mental illness (SMI) and the evidence for their effecti...
The differential influence of sex on premature mortality in schizophrenia is unclear. This study assessed the differences in all-cause and specific cause mortality risks in people with schizophrenia compared to several control groups stratified by sex. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of cohort...
Introduction: The Russo-Ukrainian War (RUW) poses a significant mental health burden, warranting a scoping review of the evidence to shed light on the unmet needs.
Methods: MEDLINE
/PubMed and EMBASE databases were inquired from inception
until September 1st, 2023, to address the following a priori formulated questions: i) “Which psychiatric popula...
Schizophrenia, a highly complex psychiatric disorder, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its multifaceted neurobiological underpinnings. Recent advancements in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the understanding and management of this condition. This manu...
Objective: To identify the COVID-19 impact on well-being/mental health, coping strategies and risk factors in adolescent worldwide.
Method: Anonymous online multi-national/language survey in the general population (representative/weighted non-representative samples, 14-17years), measuring change in well-being (WHO-5/range=0-100) and psychopathology...
Question
The optimal dose of lurasidone for bipolar depression is unclear. This study examined its dose–response relationship for efficacy, acceptability, and metabolic/endocrine profiles.
Study selection and analysis
Five databases and grey literature published until 1 August 2024, were systematically reviewed. The outcomes included efficacy (cha...
Importance
Interest in and use of hallucinogens has been increasing rapidly. While a frequently raised concern is that hallucinogens may be associated with an increased risk of psychosis, there are limited data on this association.
Objectives
To examine whether individuals with an emergency department (ED) visit involving hallucinogen use have an...
La pandemia de COVID-19 y las restricciones asociadas han tenido efectos significativos sobre la salud mental a nivel mundial. Esta investigación, parte del estudio global COH-FIT, buscó describir los efectos de la pandemia sobre la salud mental de adultos en Uruguay a través de una metodología de encuesta online. Se estudió una muestra de 1936 adu...
Few multination-based studies have examined the longitudinal association between PA (physical activity) and persistence of supra-threshold depressive symptoms (SDS). This cohort study aimed to assess the influence of PA on persistence of SDS. Data were obtained from the Population Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The cohor...
The pathophysiology of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is largely unknown, although some papers found signs of immune activation. To assess the cytokine network in aMCI after excluding patients with major depression (MDD) and to examine the immune profiles of quantitative aMCI (qMCI) and distress symptoms of old age (DSOA) scores. A case-...
There is no multi-country/multi-language study testing a-priori multivariable associations between non-modifiable/modifiable factors and validated wellbeing/multidimensional mental health outcomes before/during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, studies during COVID-19 pandemic generally do not report on representative/weighted non-probability sample...
Background
High rates of psychiatric comorbidities have been found in people with problem gambling (PBG), including substance use, anxiety, and mood disorders. Psychotic disorders have received less attention, although this comorbidity is expected to have a significant impact on the course, consequences, and treatment of PBG. This review aimed to e...
Background
Individuals with eating disorders are at a higher risk of electrolyte abnormalities than the general population. We conducted the first representative cohort study assessing whether electrolyte abnormalities in people with eating disorders were associated with mortality and physical health outcomes.
Methods
This was a retrospective popu...
Introduction
Given the increasing rates of antipsychotic use in multiple psychiatric conditions, greater attention to the assessment, monitoring and documentation of their side effects is warranted. While a significant degree of attention has been provided to metabolic side effect monitoring, comparatively little is known about how clinicians scree...
Many studies have shown that COVID-19 caused many problems in mental health. This paper presents the results of the Cyprus sample, part of the global initiative named “The Collaborative Outcomes Study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times” (COH-FIT). Methods: The study took place from April 2019 to January 2022, using the Greek version o...
We systematically reviewed observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) articles that evaluated the association between obesity and 17 gastrointestinal (GI) diseases to integrate causal and observational evidence. A total of 594 observational studies from 26 systematic reviews and meta‐analyses and nine MR articles were included. For every 5 kg/m...
Introduction:
People with severe mental illness have poor cardiometabolic health. Commonly used antidepressants and antipsychotics frequently lead to weight gain, which may further contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Areas covered:
We searched MEDLINE up to April 2023 for umbrella reviews, (network-)meta-analyses, trials and cohort st...
Objective
Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness associated with high rates of general medical comorbidity, reduced life expectancy, and premature mortality. Although BD has been associated with high medical hospitalization, the factors that contribute to this risk remain largely unexplored. We used baseline medical and psychiatric record...
Despite the growth in the number of bibliometric analyses published in the peer-reviewed literature, few articles provide guidance on methods and reporting to ensure reliability, robustness, and reproducibility. Consequently, the quality of reporting in existing bibliometric studies varies greatly. In response, we are developing a preliminary Guida...
Objective:
Suicide is a major global public health concern. While some progress has been made in understanding risk factors for suicidal behavior, other relevant questions have received less attention. One such question relates to the longitudinal course of suicidal behavior amongst individuals with multiple suicide attempts. This systematic revie...
To further explore the role of different antipsychotic treatments for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality, we performed several subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses based on a large previous meta-analysis focusing on cohort studies assessing mortality relative risk (RR) for cardio-cerebrovascular disorders in people with schizophrenia, c...
Background
Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate) are required in specific amounts for proper functioning of the human body. Although the body has different organ systems, such as the kidneys, that regulate electrolyte levels in the blood, electrolyte abnormalities occur frequently in people with eating disorders....
Introduction
Eating Disorders (EDs) affect individuals globally and are associated with significant physical and mental health challenges. However, access to adequate treatment is often hindered by societal stigma, limited awareness, and resource constraints.
Methods
The project aims to utilize the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particular...
Sub-optimal response in schizophrenia is frequent, warranting augmentation strategies over treatment-as-usual (TAU). We assessed nutraceuticals/phytoceutical augmentation strategies via network meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder were identified via the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE,...
Objectives
The pathophysiology of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is largely unknown, although some papers found signs of immune activation. To assess the cytokine network in aMCI after excluding patients with major depression (MDD) and to examine the immune profiles of quantitative aMCI (qMCI) and distress symptoms of old age (DSOA) scor...
Background
The association between depression and dementia is still unclear, particularly regarding depression as a potential risk factor preceding dementia. Therefore, we aimed to verify if the presence of depression at baseline may increase the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment during 15 years of follow-up in the SHARE (Survey of Health,...
Importance
The COVID-19 pandemic placed many physicians in situations of increased stress and challenging resource allocation decisions. Insight into the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in physicians and its risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic will guide interventions to prevent its development.
Objective
To determine the prevale...
Background and Hypothesis
Substance use is highly prevalent among people with schizophrenia (SCZ) and related disorders, however, there is no broad-spectrum pharmacotherapy that concurrently addresses both addiction and psychotic symptoms. Psychosocial (PS) interventions, which have yielded promising results in treating psychosis and substance depe...
We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with short- and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae. We used population-based cohorts from the Korean nationwide cohort (discovery; n = 10,027,506) and the Japanese claims-based cohort (validation; n = 12,218,680) to estimate the short-term (<30 days) and long-term (≥30 days) risks of neuro...
There is a growing literature exploring the placebo response within specific mental disorders, but no overarching quantitative synthesis of this research has analyzed evidence across mental disorders. We carried out an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of biological treatments (pharmacotherapy or neurostimulati...
Aims
To map studies assessing both clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in clinical samples, focusing on clinical/research/preventive paradigms and proposing informed research recommendations.
Methods
We conducted a PRISMA-ScR/JBI-compliant scoping review (protocol: https://osf.io/8mz7a) of primary res...
To be relevant to healthcare systems, the clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) concept should denote a specific (i.e., unique) clinical population and provide useful information to guide the choice of intervention. The current study applied network analyses to examine the clinical specificities of CHR-P youths compared to general help-seekers a...
Introduction
Observational studies are fraught with several biases including reverse causation and residual confounding. Overview of reviews of observational studies (ie, umbrella reviews) synthesise systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses of cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies, and may also aid in the grading of the credibili...
Exercise addiction is widely studied, but an official clinical diagnosis does not exist for this behavioral addiction. Earlier research using various screening instruments examined the absolute scale values while investigating the disorder. The Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 (EAI-3) was recently developed with two subscales, one denoting health-rel...
Background
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) have advantages over oral antipsychotics (OAPs) in preventing relapse and hospitalization in chronically ill patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs), but evidence in patients with first-episode/recent-onset, that is, early-phase-SSDs is less clear.
Objectives
To assess the relat...
Background
Research on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mothers/childbearing parents has mainly been cross‐sectional and focused on psychological symptoms. This study examined the impact on function using ongoing, systematic screening of a representative Ontario sample.
Methods
An interrupted time series analysis of repeated cross‐sectional...
There have been increasing efforts to develop prediction models supporting personalised detection, prediction, or treatment of ADHD. We overviewed the current status of prediction science in ADHD by: (1) systematically reviewing and appraising available prediction models; (2) quantitatively assessing factors impacting the performance of published m...
International studies measuring wellbeing/multidimensional mental health before/ during the COVID-19 pandemic, including representative samples for >2 years, identifying risk groups and coping strategies are lacking. COH-FIT is an online, international, anonymous survey measuring changes in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-score...
Psychotic depression (PD) is a severe mental disorder leading to functional disability and high risk of suicide, but very little is known about the comparative effectiveness of medications used in its maintenance treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of specific antipsychotics and antidepressants, a...
Background
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by persistent low mood, cognitive and physical symptoms, anhedonia (loss of interest in activities), and suicidal ideation. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts depression will become the leading cause of disability by 2030. While biological mark...
Background: The pathophysiology of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is largely unknown, although some papers found signs of immune activation.
Aims: To assess the cytokine network in aMCI after excluding patients with major depression (MDD) and to examine the immune profiles of quantitative aMCI (qMCI) and distress symptoms of old age (DSO...
Background: The pathophysiology of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is largely unknown, although some papers found signs of immune activation.
Aims: To assess the cytokine network in aMCI after excluding patients with major depression (MDD) and to examine the immune profiles of quantitative aMCI (qMCI) and distress symptoms of old age (DSO...
Importance
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) interventions have been shown to be efficacious in several mental disorders, but the optimal dose stimulation parameters for each disorder are unknown.
Objective
To define NIBS dose stimulation parameters associated with the greatest efficacy in symptom improvement across mental disorders.
Data Sour...
Background and hypothesis
Breast cancer is more prevalent in women with severe mental illness than in the general population, and use of prolactin-increasing antipsychotics may be a contributing factor.
Study design
A nested case–control study was conducted using the Swedish nationwide registers (inpatient/outpatient care, sickness absence, disabi...
BACKGROUND: An increase in the demand for quality of life following spinal cord injuries (SCIs) is associated with an increase in musculoskeletal (MSK) pain, highlighting the need for preventive measure research. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and hazards of MSK morbidities among Korean adults with SCIs, as well as the influe...
Objective To investigate the potential association between prenatal opioid exposure and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in children.
Design Nationwide birth cohort study.
Setting From 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2020, birth cohort data of pregnant women in South Korea linked to their liveborn infants from the National Health Insurance Se...
Delirium is a common condition across different settings and populations. The interventions for preventing and managing this condition are still poorly known. The aim of this umbrella review is to synthesize and grade all preventative and therapeutic interventions for delirium. We searched five databases from database inception up to March 15th, 20...
Meta‐research, also known as “research on research” is a field of study that investigates the methods, reporting, reproducibility, evaluation, and incentives along the research continuum. Meta‐research literacy is imperative to ensure high quality, transparent and reproducible primary data or meta‐research products. In this commentary, we propose t...
Systematic reviews are a cornerstone for synthesizing the available evidence on a given topic. They simultaneously allow for gaps in the literature to be identified and provide direction for future research. However, due to the ever‐increasing volume and complexity of the available literature, traditional methods for conducting systematic reviews a...
Background
Equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in the healthcare field are crucial in meeting the healthcare needs of a progressively diverse society. In fact, a diverse healthcare workforce enables culturally sensitive care, promotes health equity and enhances the understanding of various needs and patients’ viewpoints, potentially resulting in...
Introduction: Problem gambling (PBG) is more common in people with mental health disorders, including substance use, bipolar, and personality disorders, than in the general population. Although individuals with psychotic disorders might be expected to be more vulnerable to PBG, fewer studies have focused on this comorbidity. The aim of this review...
Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder die on average 15-20 years earlier than the general population often due to sudden death that, in most cases, is caused by cardiovascular disease. This state-of-the-art review aims to address the complex association between SMI and cardiovascular risk, explore di...
Introduction:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions and is highly heterogeneous in terms of symptom profile, associated cognitive deficits, comorbidities, and outcomes. Heterogeneity may also affect the ability to recognize and diagnose this condition. The diagnosis of ADHD is prima...
Visual impairments are common in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), and the neuropathophysiology may suggest a potential influence on colour vision. This systematic review aimed to assess existing data of colour vision impairment, including chromatic discrimination and colour blindness in patients with BD. Comprehensive literature search complian...
Background and Hypothesis
People with psychotic disorders have a higher risk of mortality following cancer diagnosis, compared to people without psychosis. The extent to which this disparity is influenced by differences in cancer-related treatment is currently unknown. We hypothesized that, following a cancer diagnosis, people with psychotic disord...
Background There are no recommendations based on the efficacy of specific drugs for the treatment of psychotic depression. To address this evidence gap, we did a network meta-analysis to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for psychotic depression.
Methods In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we...
Sleep medications often carry residual effects potentially affecting driving safety, warranting network meta-analysis (NMA). PubMed/EMBASE/TRID/Clinicaltrials.gov/WHO-ICTRP/WebOfScience were inquired for ran-domized controlled trials of hypnotic driving studies in persons with insomnia and healthy subjects up to 05/28/ 2023, considering the vehicle...
Background
Increasing data suggest emergent affective symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objectives
To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on affective symptoms and suicidal ideation in Thai adults.
Methods
The Collaborative Outcomes Study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times uses non-probability sampling (chain referring an...