Marco Poiana

University of Reggio Calabria | UNIRC · Department of Agricultural Science

This work was carried out on twenty-nine fig accessions cultivated in the Calabria region (Italy). The main antioxidant parameters were determined with the aim of selecting superior genotypes and supporting the establishment of new commercial orchards specializing in breba production. The studied samples were divided into two main classes character...

The sustainable utilization of production wastes in the agri-food sector is an increasing challenge. This work aims to evaluate the applicability of coffee silverskin, the main by-product of coffee roasting, in the formulation of gummy candies. Firstly, the experimental plan envisaged the extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from...

Contemporary consumers demonstrate an increasing preference for foods formulated with sustainable ingredients and health-promoting benefits. In this study, both demands were addressed by formulating enriched pasta using by-products derived from the processing of bergamot, a typical Calabrian citrus fruit. Wheat flour was replaced with different per...

Citrus fruits are extensively cultivated worldwide, with Italy and Spain being major producers. In Southern Italy, particularly in Reggio Calabria, a typical citrus fruit is produced, namely, bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau), known for its mysterious origins and exceptional quality essential oil protected by the EU’s PDO (Protected Desig...

Citrus fruits are extensively cultivated worldwide, with Italy and Spain being major producers. Southern Italy, particularly in Reggio Calabria, a typical citrus fruit is produced, namely, bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau), known for its mysterious origins and exceptional quality essential oil protected by the EU's PDO designation. Despit...

From a sustainability and circular economy point of view, this study evaluated the possibility of recovering antioxidant compounds from Rossa di Tropea onion waste for application in the food industry as natural ingredients. In particular, the aim was to investigate the effect of adding natural antioxidants recovered from ‘Rossa di Tropea’ onion wa...

Modern consumers are increasingly interested in eating healthy food and paying attention to the reduction of synthetic preservatives and the increased use of natural preservatives. For this reason, the aim of this work was to assess the effect of the addition of natural antioxidants extracted from Bergamot Pomace on the fortification of vegetable f...

The purpose of this study was to select the best green extraction technique to recover the bioactive compounds in Calabrian Bergamot waste (Pomace). Different experimental variables such as solvent, time, and temperature were tested and the main physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity and constituents, such as total flavonoids, ind...

In this work, we compared breadsticks (known as Treccine) flavoured with onions and olives and prepared with olive pomace oil (OPO) or with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The effect on one-year shelf life was also studied. The following physical, chemical and sensory analyses were conducted on the breadsticks: water activity, moisture content, colo...

In this study, the effects of the application of edible coatings on the shelf life of the strawberry were evaluated, with the aim of extending the fruit’s availability and shelf life while preserving its qualitative characteristics. In particular, the application of edible coatings enriched with a natural antioxidant to strawberries was evaluated f...

In this study, the effects of altering carbohydrate supply, carried out through branch girdling, on the carpometric and qualitative characteristics of the Feminello Zagara Bianca variety lemon fruits were evaluated. Four girdling times (70, 100, 130, 160 days) were compared with a control. The results showed important effects of alteration times of...

Rye is used in some applications in the food and beverage industry and for the preparation of functional foods. It is an interesting raw material in malting and brewing due to its characteristic contribution to the beer’s color, turbidity, foam and aroma. The aim of this work was to optimize the micro-malting process of a rye landrace. The response...

Local and alternative raw materials are of growing interest to the malting and brewing industry. These include wheat landraces, old varieties characterized by high protein content and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. One of the basic ingredients of beer is malt, i.e., a grain that have been subjected to germination under controlled conditio...

Nowadays, the valorization of by-products of the food industry is a priority linked to the need to release the smallest amount of products from processes [...]

In this study, ripening period and several pomological and qualitative characteristics of brebas were determined in forty autochthonous fig accessions grown in Calabria (South Italy). The evaluated forty accessions are characterized by producing brebas with a very different ripening period, carpometric and qualitative characteristics. Regarding the...

Bergamot belongs to the Rutaceae family and is a typical fruit grown principally in the province of Reggio Calabria (South Italy). Nowadays, its industrial use is mostly related to the extraction of the essential oil contained in the flavedo but also to a lesser extent the extraction of the juice (from the pulp), which is rich in antioxidants. Howe...

The aim of this work was to maximize the recovery of the bioactive components from an important solid waste derivate from Tropea onion processing. To achieve this, three different extractive procedures (conventional for maceration, ultrasound, and microwave-assisted) were employed, using only food-grade extraction solvents such as water and ethanol...

Olive oil is recognised for its beneficial effects on human health, mainly due to it containing oleic acid (a monounsaturated fatty acid), whereas fats of animal origin or margarine, which are often used in recipes for biscuit production, contain mainly saturated fatty acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shelf-life and physicochemical...

This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect determined by the addition of phenolic extract on the oxidative stability and quality of vegan mayonnaise. Two different antioxidant extracts containing 100 mg L−1 of hydroxytyrosol and obtained by olive mill wastewater were used in the preparation. After preliminary studies, already evaluated in o...

Eighty-seven red wines produced from red grapes of the grape variety Gaglioppo from the Calabria region (vintage 2009) were analysed by standard methods after 4 and 120 months of ageing. So, a total of 29 selected starters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae—3 wild type, 12 monoclonal cultures, and 14 hybrids—inoculated in triplicate were studied for their...

Since ancient times, vegetables have been preserved in oil, to be consumed throughout the year, and not just during the period in which they were harvested. Dried tomato slices in Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) are one of the most famous Italian preserves. This is the first study which aimed to investigate the shelf-life parameters of this preserve...

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of treatment and storage period on the nutritional quality of enriched orange jam during storage for 90 days at 15 °C and 30 °C. The jam was produced by traditional technique (TP) and with addition of orange peel (OP). All samples were evaluated for pH, total solid soluble, acidity, total phenol...

Trees of the olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivar Carolea grown in Calabria (Italy) in three sites with different main climate traits (temperatures, rainfall, Growth Degree Days seasonal variations) were studied for three years to see the ripening time course and quality of the oils. The optimal harvesting time for obtaining the best-quality olive oil...

The valorization of minor accessions of olive is potentially a good way to improve the qualitative production of a specific territory. Olive oils of four minor accessions (Ciciarello, Tonda di Filogaso, and Ottobratica Calipa and Ottobratica Cannavà clones) produced in the same area of the Calabria region were characterized for the principal qualit...

The production of olive oil is accompanied by the generation of a huge amount of waste and by-products including olive leaves, pomace, and wastewater. The latter represents a relevant environmental issue because they contain certain phytotoxic compounds that may need specific treatments before the expensive disposal. Therefore, reducing waste bioma...

Traditional Mozzarella is a fresh cheese produced in Italian local market without additives that shows a short shelf life of about 5 d. This work tested the use of natural additives (bergamot juice concentrate-BJ and calcium lactate-CL) in preserving liquid for a Mozzarella cheese with the aim to extend its shelf life, regarding the microbial growt...

The autoxidation process of vitamin C in orange juice is the most important cause of quality loss during its storage. We evaluated the enrichment with different concentrations of a phenolic extract in a commercial orange juice for some qualitative parameters such as the content of vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. The lowest...

Processing citrus fruits results in significant amount of wastes; however, citrus by-products still contain high amounts of polyphenolic and other bioactive value-added compounds. In addition, bergamot (Citrus bergamia) wastes contain two compounds-brutieridin and melitidin-which exhibit statin-like properties. Recently, novel fermented products co...

BACKGROUND Different antioxidant compounds are generally transferred from olives to olive oil during the production process. This work characterized the principal total bioactive compounds (tocopherols and phenols) in olives, olive oil and by‐products of four cultivars grown in Calabrian areas (southern Italy), considering the effect of harvesting...

The effect of different governing liquids on qualitative parameters of lacto-fermented mozzarella cheeses were studied. 0.6% calcium lactate solution maintained the quality of mozzarella cheese for microbial, color and textural properties and prolonged its shelf life up to 18 days, also improving its antioxidant activity by Trolox equivalent antiox...

The biofortification of food crops for human consumption is a direct strategy for increasing dietary intake of selenium (Se). The aims of this study were the evaluation of different Se-fortification variables (concentration and number of foliar applications) for obtainment of fortified olives and the efficacy of two technological treatments (brinin...

The disposal of olive mill wastewaters is a considerable subject for the development of a sustainable olive oil industry considering their high content of pollutants. Nevertheless, the selective extraction of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewaters represents a promising approach to obtain phenolics suitable for food enrichment. This work ai...

BACKGROUND Plant viral infections induce changes in metabolic components in the host plant, with potential effects on compositional, organoleptic and storability features of agricultural products. Identification of modulated metabolites may provide clues concerning pathways implementing responses in plant–pathogen interactions. A time course study...

In this work a supercritical fluid extraction (SC-CO2) was use to extract high quality oil from tomato skins by-product. The effects of pressure and extraction time on oil yield was investigated. The content lycopene and -carotene as well as p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, epicatechin, naringenin, cate...

Effect of two different packaging materials on the shelf-life of Actinidia fruits cv. Hayward (kiwifruits), was investigated during 5 months (140 days) of storage at 0.5 °C. Kiwifruits were packaged in a Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene Films (BOPP) and Polypropylen/Polyethylene Films (PP). Physico-chemical fruit characteristics (headspace gas comp...

Agro food industry generates significant amounts of by‐products, as olive oil mill waste waters (OMWW), which could be valorize for their extraordinary content of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant stability of a hydrophilic model system with the possibility to create a functional beverage. The study was divid...

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Cadonga) are highly perishable fruits with a storage life, which may be less than a week. In this study, Aloe arborescens gel was used as post‐harvest treatment in order to maintain strawberry quality. Strawberries coated with edible A. arborescens gel were packaged in a polypropylene box and stored. Fruit titr...

Olive ripening, climate conditions, geographic area, and cultivar may influence the composition and quality of olive oils. This study aims to identify the optimal harvesting period for qualitative production of three cultivars grown in Calabria. The obtained results show that all the olive oils produced in October are classified as extra virgin, an...

Calabrian Provola cheese is typically manufactured in the Southern Italy. The request of a more suitable expansion in the national market has promoted this research, based on the evaluation of biodegradable packaging on its qualitative characteristics as alternative of the conventional plastic multilayer film. The tested materials were: Polyethylen...

Extra virgin olive oil from Calabria Region (South Italy), pomace olive oil, palm oil and soybean oil were heated at 180 and 220 °C for 30, 60 and 120 min. Emission of volatile organic compounds produced during the heat treatment was evaluated by the solid phase micro-extraction of the head space technique and analysed by gas chromatography with ma...

The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of olives of three typical cultivars of Southern Italy and correspondent brines after different fermentation variables: two NaCl concentrations with and without acidification up to pH 4). In particular, physicochemical parameters, microbiological counts and antioxidant activity of olive samples and b...

The whiteness of shredded carrots is generally caused by enzymatic reactions after removal of natural protection during the minimal processing. Moreover, the use of chlorinated solution in sanitizing step of processing, promotes the formation of halogenated by-products, with correlated environmental and health risks in processing areas. This study...

Vitis vinifera leaves are wine industry wastes. In this study, the chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity of six Italian grapevine leaves extracts (Arvino, Gaglioppo, Greco Nero, Magliocco Canino, Magliocco Dolce, and Nocera) were evaluated. HPLC analyses revealed quercetin as dominant constituent (127.52-187.33 mg/kg) fo...

Packaging material and the storage temperature on red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) were studied in this paper. Raspberries were stored following their harvesting in different conditions: in the fridge at 1 °C and in the freezer at −20 °C, using different packaging materials: two Nanoactive films, Nanoactive A (NA) and Nanoactive B (NB), a biaxiall...

In the bergamot (Citrus bergamia) processing cycle, peel and juice are the main by-products. Considering their high content in bioactive and aromatic compounds, the aim of this study was to valorise them in the vinegar industry. The proposal constitutes a model system for the global citrus industry, to improve the commercial value of the citrus was...

The effect of alternative dipping solutions to chlorinated water was studied on qualitative parameters of ready-to-eat rocket: sanitised tap water, 1% of citric acid solution and a mixture of citric and ascorbic acids solution. After packaging in normal atmosphere, a monitoring of total bacterial count and physico-chemical parameters was carried ou...

The properties of ZnO, In2O3, and SnO2 have been investigated as possible sensing layer in resistive sensors for monitoring hexanal in food applications. Sensors performances were tested at different temperatures (100–350 °C) and analyte concentrations (50–100 ppm). Results showed the ability of the analyzed metal oxides sensors, each one character...

This study was undertaken to determine the physical and chemical properties and the antioxidant compounds of grapefruits (Marsh and Star Ruby varieties) grown in South Italy. Flavanones (narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and poncirin), flavones (rutin) and aglycones (quercetin, naringenin and hesperetin) have been identified in the gr...

This work studied the oxidative stress on the chemical properties of extra virgin olive oil, pomace olive oil, soybean oil and palm oil during heating. The highest relative increase in free acidity was found in pomace olive oil. Peroxide value as an absolute value (meq O2/kg) was lowest in palm oil 1.4 (unheated), 4.0 (180°C - 120 min), 6.4 (220°C...

Minimally processed vegetables are sensitive to leaves discoloration and quality deterioration, and these negative aspects can affect their shelf life. During the manufacturing processing, Valeriana leaves were submitted to different dipping acid solutions and then were stored at cold temperature in dark and in light to study the influence of the l...

The aim of this work was to evidence the effect of the olive storage temperature on the quality of the extracted oils from the cultivars Carolea and Ottobratica, grown in the South of Italy. Qualitative parameters of oils were evaluated by analysis of major and minor components, in particular free acidity, peroxide value, fatty acid composition, st...

In this study, the effects of experimental variables such as type of solvent, sample/solvent ratio, and time of extraction have been evaluated to individuate the best results in phenolic recovery by Olive Pomaces (OP) belonging to Carolea and Ottobratica cultivars. Folin–Ciocaulteu procedure and DPPH and ABTS assays were used, respectively, for tot...

In this study, dry orange peel was added to an orange marmalade as an alternative for pectin. The product stability and the antioxidant effect on shelf life of this enriched marmalade were evaluated. In particular, the hydroxymethylfurfural formation in correlation with major bioactive compounds, antioxidant assay, total phenols and anthocyans were...

Two important problems for the food industry are oil oxidation and oil waste after frying. Sunflower seed oil is one of the vegetable oils most commonly used in the food industry. Two variables were applied to the low oleic sunflower seed oil in this work i.e. heating temperature (180-210-240°C) and time of heating (15-30-60-120 minutes), to study...

This study makes important observations about the alteration of fruit juice aroma compounds during extraction by CO2 -SC. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is a promising technique for gentle stripping of fruit juice aroma compounds and deserves further consideration as alternative technique for gentle aroma stripping in industrial fruit juic...

The aim of this research was to study the behaviour of 70 different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on the antioxidant compounds level in wines by RP-HPLC/DAD. Micro-winemaking was carried out in Cabernet Sauvignon grape must testing eight Italian wild strains, 12 derived monosporal cultures, 15 hybrids obtained by monosporal spore-to-spore conjug...

The aim of this work was to evidence the quality of four monovarietal olive oils (Carolea, Grossa di Gerace, Ottobratica, and Sinopolese cv) produced at two crop years and at different harvesting times in Calabria region, located in the South of Italy. Qualitative parameters of oils were evaluated by analysis of major and minor components, in parti...

Tomato peels are abundant by-products of tomato processing and therefore represent a cost of disposal and an impact on the environment. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to valorise tomato peels to enrich pasta, being these ingredients still rich in antioxidants like carotenoids that are well-known to protect against degenerative di...

The aim of this work was to enhance—by yeast activity—the quality of red wine produced from black grapes of the Calabrian Gaglioppo variety, used as a model for grapes with reduced synthesis of anthocyanins. Six selected strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used to control winemaking trials. Among the wines, there are significant differences, d...

A study was performed on kumquat peel extracted by different methods: hydrodistillation, solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extractions at a density of 281 g/dm³ (80 bar and 40°C of temperature) and 875 g/dm³ (250 bar and 40°C temperature). A total of 24 compounds were quantified: 8 monoterpene hydrocarbons, 6 terpene alcohols, 1 ter...

The transesterification process of an oil is influenced by four variables: reaction temperature, reaction time, amount of alcohol and amount of reaction catalyst. The cost of production, yield and chemical-physical characteristics are therefore directly dependent on these variables. In this work, tomato seed oil was transesterified and the influenc...

This data article contains complementary results related to the paper “Characterization of monovarietal olive oils obtained from mills of Calabria region (Southern Italy)” [1]. Data was obtained by capillary-column gas chromatography, analysing sterols and triterpene dialcohols and ethyl esters in the composition of Carolea olive oils. They were pr...

The qualitative characteristics of four monovarietal olive oils produced in Calabria region (Southern Italy) were evaluated. The aim of this work was to evidence the differences on chemical parameters due to variety and to growing environment. Results demonstrated a large variability in qualitative indexes according to the variety. Most of the Gros...

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO 2 ) extraction of bergamot seed oil ( Citrus bergamia Risso) was performed to study the effect of various parameters such as pressure and temperature on the yield and composition of oil. The supercritical fluid extraction of bergamot seed oil was studied at 30°C/150 bar, 40°C/150 bar, 50°C 150 bar and 30°C/250 ba...

Calabrian Provola cheese, an Italian typical dairy product, is commonly sold unwrapped with an expiry date of 45 d. The influence of different packagings and subsequent storage at 4 and 7 °C on maintaining cheese quality and prolonging its shelf life was evaluated. The following packaging systems were used: Polyamide/Polyethylene pouch under vacuum...

This work was aimed to study the effect of a thermal processing on brined olives (and their covering liquids) packaged in different types of containers (glass jar with two volumes and plastic pouches made of two materials). The results show an increase of antioxidant activity of all pasteurized olives because of the melanoidin formation in pulp aft...