Marco Machado

Fundação Universitária de Itaperuna (FUNITA), Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil · Physical Education

Creatine supplementation commonly increases intracellular water and/or lean mass- associated weight gain and concomitantly improves short-term, high-intensity performance such as repeated sprint ability. Research in this regard is both generally sparse but specifically more so in younger soccer athletes. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of 28 days...

The antivaccine movement is a growing phenomenon that has gained traction in recent years, fueled by misinformation, distrust of authority, and social media. While some proponents of the movement argue that they are simply being skeptical of vaccines, others are accused of engaging in denialism, rejecting the overwhelming scientific evidence suppor...

This paper explores the potential cognitive benefits of creatine supplementation for the elderly population. Creatine, known for its role in muscular and neuronal energy metabolism, is primarily obtained through dietary intake, particularly from meat sources. The literature underscores creatine's significance in neural tissue development and cognit...

Este livro é fruto de mais de 20 anos de pesquisas quase ininterruptas sobre a suplementação de creatina. Quando em 1999 iniciei os estudos sobre esta suplementação o fiz para tentar atender a uma demanda minha, trabalhava como professor em uma academia de fitness e por uns dois anos os clientes me enterravam de perguntas sobre suplementos. Saía co...

Creatine supplementation commonly increases intracellular water and/or lean mass-associated weight gain and concomitantly improved short-term, high-intensity effort performance such as repeated sprint ability. Research in this regard is both generally sparse but specifically more so in younger soccer athletes. PURPOSE: to determine the effect of 28...

Creatine supplementation commonly enhances short-term, high-intensity effort performance such the soccer-specific ability to perform repeated sprints. Research in this regard is both generally sparse but specifically more so in youth athletes. PURPOSE: to determine the effect of 28 days of creatine monohydrate supplementation on running anaerobic s...

This review article provides an overview of the mechanisms behind creatine's performance-enhancing and health-boosting effects in people of all ages. Creatine is a widely-used dietary supplement among athletes and fitness enthusiasts due to its ability to improve high-intensity exercise performance. Recent research has highlighted its potential hea...

Thyroid hormones are widely studied for their involvement in energy metabolism and thermogenesis. However, their role on muscle fibers and the structure and organelles of this tissue has yet to be reviewed. This mini-review aims to show the involvement of thyroid hormone signalings in the function of muscle fibers. Serum levels of thyroid hormones...

This review paper investigates the relationship between creatine supplementation and the Akt/mTOR pathway, focusing on their impact on muscle performance. The Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial signaling pathway that regulates muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy in response to growth factors, nutrients, and mechanical stimuli. Recent evidence sugge...

Creatine supplementation is an effective ergogenic aid to augment resistance training and improve intense, short duration, intermittent performance. The effects on endurance performance are less known. The purpose of this brief narrative review is to discuss the potential mechanisms of how creatine can affect endurance performance , defined as larg...

Creatine (Cr) has been proposed as an ergogenic resource and the adhesion to its therapeutic use has gained relevance in the last 2 decades. The role of Cr in the aging process has been highlighted, with many studies aiming to understand how aging affects the depletion of Cr resources in muscle and brain, especially because Cr is a natural regulato...

This essay aims to show the state of the art in the use of creatine supplementation and precursors in the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. Also, show the prospects and plausibility of using the aforementioned supplements to prevent and improve the prognosis of heart disease patients.

Aims: The purpose was to examine the relationship between dietary creatine intake obtained in food and selective attention and inhibitory control processes in older adults. Methods: Forty-five (n = 11 males; n = 34 females) participants over 60 years of age volunteered. Participants completed a 5-day dietary recall survey to estimate creatine intak...

Selective attention and inhibitory processing in older adults: The impact of dietary creatine.

Purpose Endurance performance has been enhanced both by carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR) and allowing subjects to view an artificially slowed clock. Taste sensitivity and perception of time are altered in older men. We assessed the effects of CHO-MR and clock manipulation (ClkM) on running performance and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in o...

Objective We tested the impact of subjects’ belief in an ingested substance’s ergogenic or ergolytic properties on muscular endurance performance and perceived exertion. Methods Trained men (n = 15, age = 41 ± 4 y; body mass = 82.1 ± 15.8 kg; height = 173 ± 8 cm; experience = 7.4 ± 2.3 y) completed one set to failure at 80% repetition maximum of t...

We investigated the magnitude of exercise-induced changes in muscular bioenergetics, redox balance, mitochondrial function, and gene expression within 24 h after the exercise bouts performed with different intensities, durations, and execution modes (continuous or with intervals). Sixty-five male Swiss mice were divided into four groups: one contro...

Citation: Cerqueira, M.S.; Lira, M.; da Silva, R.S.; Machado, M.; Pereira, R. Effects of Blood Flow Restricted Exercise on Electromechanical Delay and Time to Peak Force after Task Failure: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Muscles 2022, 1, 133-142. Abstract: Introduction: Electromechanical delay (ED) and time to peak force (TPF) could be used to inves...

Creatine monohydrate supplementation is broadly substantiated to elicit both favorable ergogenic and health-associated advantages amidst vast demographics. Nevertheless, its impacts on human cardiovascular outcomes are hitherto undescribed in generally healthy populations. Furthermore, females are largely underrepresented in the ergogenic creatine...

Elderly people in general, including women, are more susceptible to some diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dementia, etc. Aging accompanied by reduced levels of physical activity increases the chances of getting sick and needing medication. The present study aimed to compare elderly women who use more or less medication and t...

Creatine monohydrate supplementation in females is largely under-represented in the literature, and their potentially differential hemodynamic responses are unknown. Methods: Twentyeight resistance-trained women (25.5 ± 6.1 years, 59.7 ± 6.3 kg, 163 ± 5 cm) were randomly assigned to the supplement creatine monohydrate (CRE; 5 g creatine monohydrate...

The Rio de Janeiro State and the Southeast region of Brazil cover 4 states that are among the most developed in the country (GDP, HDI, Income Per Capita, etc.) in this way presenting indicators close to those of the most developed countries. Thus, it is to be expected the presence of some diseases typical of developed countries (obesity, heart dise...

Aims: There is evidence that both aging and increased adiposity may impact creatine levels in the brain, and brain cre-atine levels are important for cognition. The aim of this study was to assess correlation between dietary creatine intake and cognition in in elderly women with overweight. Methods: Twenty seven overweight women over 60 years of ag...

Cisplatin is an effective antineoplastic agent, but its use is limited by its nephrotoxicity caused by the oxidative stress in tubular epithelium of nephrons. On the other hand, regular exercise provides beneficial adaptations in different tissues and organs. As with many drugs, dosing is extremely important to get the beneficial effects of exercis...

Introduction. According to the ACSM’s position stand on resistance training, there is strong evidence (category A) that the optimal number of repetitions to optimize hypertrophy should be between 8 and 12 repetitions per set for each exercise. Aim of Study. We investigated which intensity scheme would maintain 8-12 repetitions during repeated sets...

The purpose of this study was to test whether believed versus actual acute creatine ingestion impacted resistance exercise performance. Fifteen men (21.9 ± 2.7 years old) completed four bouts of three sets each of squat and bench press to volitional fatigue at a 10RM load with 1-min between-sets rest interval. Thirty minutes prior to each exercise...

Ceatine is an organic nitrogenous organic compound that can be endogenously synthesized within the liver and kidneys or obtained exogenously through the ingestion of meat, fish and poultry or as a commercially available dietary supplement. approximately 95% of total creatine (phosphocreatine and free creatine) is stored in skeletal muscle with the...

Aims: The purpose was to examine the relationship between habitual dietary creatine intake obtained in food and visuo-spatial short-term memory (VSSM). Methods: Forty-two participants (32 females, 10 males; > 60 yrs of age) completed a 5-day dietary recall to estimate creatine intake and performed a cognitive assessment which included a visuospatia...

PurposeThe aim was to explore five established SNPs (rs1815739, rs1805086, rs2700352, rs28497577, and rs28357094) that are known to modulate skeletal muscle protein kinetics in response to creatine supplementation.MethodsA randomized, placebo-controlled, repeated measures design was used. Participants (n = 152) were randomized divided into one of t...

Regular physical training and cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) have opposite effects on physical performance, antioxidant, and inflammatory profile. However, the interaction between these events is not well studied. We aimed to investigate how regular physical training and CSE interact, and in what is the outcome of this interaction on the physical p...

PurposeThe safety of creatine supplementation has been investigated, however, the safety of a high-dose/short-term or low-dose/long-term supplementation dosing scheme, combined with a resistance training program, a commonly used dosing scheme, has not yet studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate physical performance and the safety of the cite...

Objectives: The maintenance of the postural balance is fundamental for the daily living activities, as well as for the practice of physical exercise. However, the aging process and sedentary behavior (i.e., large sitting time) lead to changes biological systems, impairing postural balance with consequent increased falls risk. On the other hand, phy...

Objectives Plyometrics has been used in sports training and many aspects of this modality are poorly understood. This study measures the magnitude of variations of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and perceived muscle soreness after one session of Countermovement Jump (CMJ) session and compares 1 and 3 minutes rest intervals between each sets. M...

Urinary creatinine (or uninary clearance or creatinine-based estimates of the glomerular filtration rate - GFR) have been advocated as kidney health evaluation instrument. The near-constant conversion rate of creatine to creatinine in healthy people allows a quick and inexpensive test to help the professional assess the patient's kidney health 1. C...

The control of muscle mass depends mainly on the action of two signaling pathways: IGF-1 axis and Myostatin. While one (IGF-1) signals increases in protein synthesis, the other (myostatin) acts by inhibiting muscle growth. The interaction of these signaling pathways with other mechanisms determines muscle mass. Furthermore, an important player in t...

To the editor, Recently Tong Ji et al [1] published a work of great importance for public health. The problems associated with aging will increase over the next 3 decades following the growth rate in the age group above 60 years old (wich will be about 21% in 2050). One of these problems is sarcopenic obesity (SO) which is a loss of muscle mass, st...

It is unclear how athletes regulate their performance prior and during exercise when deceptive methods are applied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test if time manipulation can influence pacing strategy and running performance. Ten recreationally active subjects were informed they would complete four 60-min time trials only with time feedb...

BACKGROUND: Creatine supplementation has some beneficial effects on cognitive processing in healthy adults, including athletes; however the effects on cognitive function following exhaustive exercise in athletes is unknown. Therefore, the purpose was to determine the effects of 28 days of creatine supplementation on tasks of cognitive performance i...

We investigated whether hand guards (HG) influence the perception of pain and exertion during the execution of a standardized task on high bar to induce forearm muscle fatigue as well as a decline in grip strength after the task. Design: A cross-over study design was employed 15 healthy and physically active volunteers completed static bodyweight h...

Introduction. The Olympic weightlifting movements (snatch, clean and jerk) and their variations (snatch and clean deadlift, high pull, etc.) have been widely used in order to improve performance in many sports, but there are no normative data, nor data on reliability of kinematic parameters for power snatch from recreational weightlifters. Aim of S...

Supplemental creatine monohydrate loading improves cognitive function in experienced mountain bikers Mountain bikers need to perform in a dynamically changing, high-paced environment. These athletes are subject to tracks with wide ranging climbs and descents (ex. boardwalks, berms, large rocks, medium steps, drop-offs, cambers and water crossings)...

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BACKGROUND: We sought to examine the impact of load reduction strategies (LRS) during resistance exercise on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. METHODS: Ten resistance-trained men (25.1±5.4 years, 76.1±8.4 kg, 175±10 cm) completed 3 bouts of resistance exercise in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Bouts consisted of six exer...

Training volume is one of the critical variables required to promote resistance training benefits (e. g., hypertrophy, muscular strength). Thus, strategies to improve training volume are required. We tested the hypothesis that there is an increase in performance and reduction in the rate of perceived exertion in strength training with caffeine supp...

Creatine enhances resistance training adaptations and may alter ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Planned load reduction training (10% reduction in load per set) lowered RPE compared to traditional fixed load resistance training (3 sets at a constant load) with similar muscle adaptations. The purpose was to examine the effects of creatine on per...

Background: Creatine represents a natural supplement and ergogenic aid for sport performance, but there are several concerns regarding its safety for health. The present double-blind placebo-controlled study evaluated the effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on a panel of blood and urine health indicators in resistance training practitio...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of SS (2x45s) on the anaerobic power (Wingate Anaerobic Test [WAnT]) in young soccer athletes, and to determine if there was a the relationship between SS and anaerobic power output was influenced by subjects’ fitness. METHODS: A randomized and crossover study was applied in twenty-one mal...

Studies from the 20th century had proposed that exercise-derived anabolism is the result of acute release of anabolic hormones. Recent advances in molecular biology have validated the hormonal theory, but have raised the question of whether exercise-induced anabolic hormones are related to chronic hypertrophy. Intrinsic factors of muscle contractio...

Skeletal muscle mass is a biomarker for health and optimizing athletic performance. Increasing skeletal muscle mass is a primary goal of many exercise regimens. Understanding hypertrophy means understanding that the extra and intracellular mechanisms of protein synthesis outweigh those of protein breakdown. Both occur from complex intracellular pat...

Dificilmente será possível ler sobre o contexto da ciência no Brasil sem que o leitor se depare com relatos acerca das dificuldades na produção de trabalhos científicos, dada a carência de planejamento e recursos para ensino e pesquisa. E note que, mesmo com vento a favor, fazer ciência não é fácil. Qualquer pessoa que já realizou experimentos...

Ao longo dos últimos anos, o avanço científico e tecnológico permitiu aos profissionais de diversas áreas um maior acesso ao conhecimento. Na busca pelo saber, é imprescindível que a fonte de pesquisa tenha aplicação prática com respaldo científico. Desse modo, Marco Machado, com a parceria de Rafael Pereira e Paulo Azevedo, preparou o livro “Tópic...

We describe discrepant behavior of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity during and after cycling in a hypertensive athlete when compared to the healthy athletes from the same team of endurance cyclists. Heart Rate (HR), Blood Pressure (BP), Perceived Exertion (PE) and serum CK activity were evaluated before, during and after 150 km indoor cycling. T...

Introduction: It is well known that familial or genetic heritage is closely associated to hypertension. Thus the present study aimed to investigate BP response to resistance exercise from young normotensive subjects with (WFHH) and without (WTFHH) familial history of hypertension (FHH). Material and Methods: Forty-nine healthy male, engaged in mili...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle thickness and 10RM between no load reduction and load reductions during 16 weeks of resistance training (RT). Methods: Twenty-one moderately trained men (age: 23.2±4.2 years, body mass: 75.1±7.6 Kg, height: 175±4 cm) were randomized into one of three exercise groups: Control (CON, n=7), al...

We investigated the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on resistance exercise performance. Fifteen recreationally trained women (age 26 AE 4 y; height 1.61.9 AE 5.1 m; weight 59.5 AE 8.2 kg) completed two resistance exercise bouts consisting of three sets of five exercises (half-squat, leg press, bench press, military press, and seated row) to vo...

Taurine (TA) ingestion has been touted as blunting the deleterious effects of ethanol (ET) ingestion on motor performance. This study investigated the effects of ingestion of 0.6 mL·kg-1of ET, 6 grams of TA, and ethanol in combination with taurine (ET+TA) on economy of movement (EM) and heart rate (HR). Nine volunteers, five female (22 ± 3 years) a...

Hypertension is a worldwide prevalent disease, mostly manifested as it's primary ethiology, characterized by a chronic, multifactorial, asymptomatic, and usually incurable state. It is well established that physical training represents an important therapeutic strategy in the prevention and complementation of hypertension treatment. To this end, it...

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of caffeine supplementation (4.5 mg ⋅ kg−1) on lower body resistance training performance preceded with and without an acute bout of endurance exercise. In a double-blinded crossover study, 10 moderately active males (20.6±2.1 yo) carried out six exercise sessions (2 x 1RM sessions; 2 x resistance...

We compared perceived muscle soreness (MS) and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after upper body or lower body resistance exercise. A total of 64 previously sedentary men were randomized into two groups: bench press (BP; n = 32, age = 22.6 ± 4.6 y, body mass = 74.8 ± 11.5 kg,) or leg press (LP; n = 32, age = 22.7 ± 4.8 y, body mass = 72.9 ± 7.6...

Mouth rinsing with a CHO solution has been suggested to improve short (<1 h) endurance performance through central effect. We examined the effects of mouth rinsing with a CHO solution on running time to exhaustion on a treadmill. Six well-trained subjects ran to exhaustion at 85% VO2max , on three separate occasions. Subjects received either an 8%...

Aim: The impact of a soccer match on parameters related to protein catabolism and renal function was evaluated in male players. Methods: Blood was collected before and immediately after a 90 minutes soccer match from 19 athletes of two first division teams in Brazil. Red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular volum...

Hypothesis/introduction: The association of ACE I/D polymorphism and hemodynamic response to exercise have been limited to primarily aerobic exercises. We hypothesized that D allele carriers would show greater hemodynamic response to resistance exercise, as has been observed with aerobic. This study aimed to investigate the association of ACE I/D p...

High volumes of resistance exercise increase muscle hypertrophy, independent of the extent of muscle damage. We compared volume load and markers of muscle damage after resistance exercise using two load reduction strategies versus a constant intensity. Methods: Twenty-seven trained men (age = 23.4±3.5 years, body mass = 74.5±10.7 Kg, height = 174±8...

Previous research has found upper body eccentric contractions evoke greater muscle damage than lower body eccentric contractions of the same relative intensity. Whether these differences persist for conventional movements, consisting of both concentric and eccentric muscle actions and performed on isoinertial equipment is unknown. PURPOSE: To compa...

Previous studies have described an association between hypertension and higher basal serum Creatine Kinase (CK).PURPOSE: To compare serum CK activity during and after cycling between one hypertensive athlete and healthy athletes.METHODS: A team of semi-professional endurance cyclists came to our laboratory for assessment. WFC (30 years old; 15 year...

The aging process causes many changes in muscle strength, and analysis of explosive force from handgrip strength seems to be useful and promising in studying the aging musculoskeletal system. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if explosive force parameters [rate of force development (RFD) and contractile impulse (CI) over the t...

Resistance exercise can result in localized damage to muscle tissue. This damage may be observed in sarcolemma, basal lamina, as well as, in the contractile elements and the cytoskeleton. Usually the damage is accompanied by release of enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin and other proteins into the blood. Serum...

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare acute neuromuscular behavior during a resistance exercise session (RES) conducted with the DeLorme and Oxford techniques. Methods. Seven healthy and trained participants volunteered to carry out two RES, one week apart, of unilateral elbow flexion. Each session was conducted with the DeL...

The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of light-emitting diode phototherapy (LEDT) at 630 nm on muscle recovery after a damaging eccentric exercise bout. Seventeen healthy young male volunteers, without previous experience with eccentric exercise, were included in a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. They were di...

Resistance training in combination with practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) is thought to stimulate muscle hypertrophy by increasing muscle activation and muscle swelling. Most previous studies used the KAATSU device; however, little long-term research has been completed using pBFR. To investigate the effects of pBFR on muscle hypertrophy. Twen...