Marcelo Milrad

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• Professor
• Professor at Linnaeus University

In this chapter we present and discuss the results and reflections based on our recent developments and experiences in Europe and in Asia regarding how novel educational design patterns, mobile technologies and software tools can be combined to enhance learning. We propose and recommend possible directions for the design of future educational activ...

Uncovering patterns and trends in vast, ever-increasing quantities of data has been enabled by different machine learning methods and techniques used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Permeating many aspects of our lives and influencing our choices, development in this field continues to advance and increasingly impacts us as individuals and...

With growing expectations to use AI-based educational technology (AI-EdTech) to improve students’ learning outcomes and enrich teaching practice, teachers play a central role in the adoption of AI-EdTech in classrooms. Teachers’ willingness to accept vulnerability by integrating technology into their everyday teaching practice, that is, their trust...

Recent advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), especially AI-powered tools, are driving innovation and productivity across academic and industrial sectors. These technologies are also transforming education by enabling personalized learning, redefining teaching methods, and enhancing educational outcomes. Given the transformat...

This study explored factors influencing ChatGPT adoption among higher education students in five Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland) and the USA. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) framework was employed and extended to incorporate personal innovativeness. Data was collected from 586 stude...

The increasing use and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various sectors in society, combined with the growing adoption of emerging technologies, emphasizes the urgent necessity to develop digital competencies in K-12 education, encompassing both digital literacy and AI literacy. Computational thinking (CT) has been recently incorp...

This paper presents insights from five case studies with 173 students aged 11–14 years old across three countries in Europe, exploring the integration of design thinking (DT) and emerging digital technologies in K-12 education. The study aimed to understand the impact of DT and digital technologies on the development of students’ 21st-century skill...

With growing expectations to use AI-based educational technology (AI-EdTech) to improve students' learning outcomes and enrich teaching practice, teachers play a central role in the adoption of AI-EdTech in classrooms. Teachers' willingness to accept vulnerability by integrating technology into their everyday teaching practice, that is, their trust...

Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and its ubiquitous presence in society have caused debate about its possible implications for individuals and society, not least in the domain of education. An ongoing discussion about what knowledge related to artificial intelligence is needed to navigate and take part in an increasingly data-dri...

This article originated from a working group on “Learning beyond formal schooling through human–computer–human interaction (HCHI)” convened at the UNESCO EDUSummIT 2023 in Kyoto (Japan). A polylogue approach was adopted by engaging eight co-authors whose diverse perspectives culminated in propositions that addressed the pivotal question: How should...

AI literacy commonly refers to essential skills and knowledge needed in a world where AI is ubiquitous. This work explores the literature on AI literacy, aiming to understand how AI literacy is defined and described. Our analysis teases out themes embedded in AI literacy definitions and their implications from a critical perspective. More specifica...

AI, and data-driven technologies in particular, have recently drawn attention to the importance of possessing an awareness and understanding of corresponding practices to engage with and participate in society i.e. to be data or AI literate. Education is an arena for promoting literacy and therefore teachers’ ability to provide teaching regarding t...

This paper explores the development of the Elevator Pitch Intelligent Companion (EPIC), an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) designed to improve students’ oral communication skills. Three design variants of EPIC were evaluated on a group of 246 engineering students at a Latin American university, focusing on different task selection strategies: one...

The use of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, and 3D printing are amongst the EU targeted actions for supporting the digital transformation of education. Yet, despite these technologies being accessible to education stakeholders, there is a lack of concrete pedagogy and teachers’ professional development for t...

Interactive Public Displays (IPD) enable new ways of interaction as well as communication channels, extending online communities into physical places and supporting a culture of participation. While educational environments have seen how new digital technologies can enhance learning activities beyond the traditional classroom context, the use of IP...

Computational Thinking (CT) pervasively shares its methods, practices, and dispositions across other disciplines as a new way of thinking about problem-solving. Few studies have been carried out studying CT from an Information Systems (IS) perspective. This study elaborates on how systems thinking (ST), an acknowledged theory in the IS field, bonds...

Data mining approaches have proven to be successful in improving learners’ interaction with educational computer games. Despite the potential of predictive modelling in providing timely adaptive learning and gameplay experience, there is a lack of research on the early prediction of learners’ performance in educational games. In this research, we p...

The main goal of this chapter is twofold. First, we seek to investigate university students’ understanding of learning analytics (LA) practices in learning management systems (LMSs). Second, we examine students’ ethical stances when raising awareness of such practices through a data visualization dashboard. The empirical work carried out involved d...

Web-based learning systems with adaptive capabilities to personalize content are becoming nowadays a trend in order to offer interactive learning materials to cope with a wide diversity of students attending online education. Learners’ interaction and study practice (quizzing, reading, exams) can be analyzed in order to get some insights into the s...

Learning Analytics (LA) involves a growing range of methods for understanding and optimizing learning and the environments in which it occurs. Different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms or learning classifiers can be used to implement LA, with the goal of predicting learning outcomes and classifying the data into predetermined categories. Many educ...

This work draws attention to the question of how in-service teachers learn to teach computational thinking and programming across subjects in K-9 education. Drawing on qualitative analyses of 298 reflective notes provided by 120 in-service teachers attending a professional development program, we pay attention to the following emergent themes: i)de...

This paper is an extended version of the work published in [1]. We extended our previous work by the proposed model representation and more experimental result. Almost every service in the current era are either managed or operated with the help of digital services to manage their customer’s activities. So digital service providers are engaging in...

Estimating students´ knowledge and performance, modeling their learning behaviors, and discovering and analyzing their different characteristics are some of the main tasks in the field of research called educational data mining (EDM). According to Chounta (2017), the predicted probabilities that a student will answer a question correctly can provid...

Cognitive pre-requisites should be taken into consideration when providing personalized and adaptive digital content in web-based learning platforms. In order to achieve this it should be possible to extract these cognitive characteristics based on students´ study behavior. Working memory capacity (WMC) is one of the cognitive characteristics that...

In Self-Regulated Learning (SLR), the lack of a predefined, formal learning trajectory makes it more challenging to assess students’ progress (e.g. by comparing it to specific baselines) and to offer relevant feedback and scaffolding when appropriate. In this paper we describe a Visual Learning Analytics (VLA) solution for exploring students’ datas...

Recent trends indicate an increasing global demand for skilled IT and Engineering professionals. At the same, it has been acknowledged that there is a decline in the number of graduates in the disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). The lack of interest in these subjects, which has been addressed by many scholars, ha...

Cognitive prerequisites should be taken into consideration when providing personalized and adaptive web-based learning systems and it should be possible to extract them based on students´studystudents´study behavior. Working memory capacity (WMC) is one of the cognitive characteristics that affect students' performance and their academic achievemen...

In recent years, educational practitioners and learning technologists have been designing, developing and deploying a wide range of innovative environments to enhance meaningful, seamless and exciting learning experiences. In these learning environments, students may interact as individuals or in groups across several learning spaces, while utilizi...

Extreme catastrophe situations are rare in Sweden, which makes training opportunities important to secure the competence among emergency personnel that should be actively involved during those situations. There is a need to conceptualize, design and implement interactive learning environments that allow to educate, train and assess these catastroph...

Abstract Extremely catastrophic situations are rare in Sweden, which makes training opportunities important to ensure competence among emergency personnel who should be actively involved during such situations. There is a requirement to conceptualize, design, and implement an interactive learning environment that allows the education, training and...

Social media platforms have created new ways for people to communicate and express themselves. Thus, it is important to explore how e-health related information is generated and disseminated in these platforms. The aim of our current efforts is to investigate the content and flow of information when people in Sweden use Twitter to talk about diabet...

The term Computational Thinking is closely related to efforts connected to teach a systematic and well-structured way of problem solving that includes a set of tools and techniques used in Computer Science. While substantial research in this field has shown promising outcomes concerning distinct intervention programs and teaching initiatives, the t...

Preface to Special Issue

In this paper, we argue that in order to gain a deeper understanding of collaborative mobile learning in schools, it is important to know not only how mobile devices affect collaborative learning but also how collaborative learning emerges and is mediated by these devices. We develop our argument by applying the instrumental genesis theory and the...

The recently finished EU project JuxtaLearn aimed at supporting students’ learning of STEM subjects through the creation, exchange and discussion of learner-made videos. The approach is based on an eight-stage activity cycle in the beginning of which teachers identify specific “stumbling blocks” for a given theme (or “tricky topic”). In JuxtaLearn,...

In recent years, hardware and interaction devices for the production and consumption of virtual reality materials, e.g., 360-degree cameras, VR headsets and portable sensors, have become affordable making them available to many people. Accordingly, schools and universities are showing increased interest in the implementation and use of virtual real...

The recently finished EU project JuxtaLearn aimed at supporting students’ learning of STEM subjects through the creation, exchange and discussion of learner-made videos. The approach is based on an eight-stage activity cycle in the beginning of which teachers identify specific “stumbling blocks” for a given theme (or “tricky topic”). In JuxtaLearn,...

The wide availability of mobile devices like smartphones and tablets among students as well as the included positioning technologies, high definition cameras and other sensors, together with continuous Internet access bring many new opportunities for developing mobile applications supporting learning activities. However, there is an immense fragmen...

In recent years, hardware for the production and consumption of virtual reality content has reached level of prices that make it affordable to everyone. Accordingly, schools and universities are showing increased interest in implementations of virtual reality technologies for supporting their innovative educational activities. Hence, this paper pre...

The recent development and distribution of interactive pervasive computing systems, especially those incorporating digital public displays, facilitate a variety of new interactive scenarios in shared public spaces where people gather and spend time to enjoy a social experience. Integrating novel interaction mechanisms related to the sharing and lis...

This position paper presents and analyses the cross-sector and cross-disciplinary Digital Humanities Initiative at Linnaeus University along the axes of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Our long-term vision is to create a leading education in this field and to establish a leading research regional centre that combines in novel...

We report two studies that fed into user-centred design for pedagogical and technological scaffolds for social, constructive learning through creative, collaborative, reflective video composition. The studies validated this learning approach and verified the utility and usability of an initial prototype (scaffold) built to support it. However, chal...

Massive amount of data sets are continuously generated from a wide variety of digital services and infrastructures. Examples of those are machine/system logs, retail transaction logs, traffic tracing data and diverse social data coming from different social networks and mobile interactions. Currently, the New York stock exchange produces 1 TB data...

Nowadays blogs are regarded as tools for communication as well as an important source for spreading information in almost every subject. In recent years, school teachers have started to take advantage of this technology in order to support their educational practices. In this paper we focus on the data generated by a project involving more than 50...

This chapter describes our research efforts related to the design of mobile learning (m-learning) applications in cloud-computing (CC) environments. Many cloud-based services can be used/integrated in m-learning scenarios, hence, there is a rich source of applications that could easily be applied to design and deploy those within the context of clo...

The continuous evolution of learning technologies combined with the changes within ubiquitous learning environments in which they operate result in dynamic and complex requirements that are challenging to meet. The fact that these systems evolve over time makes it difficult to adapt to the constant changing requirements. Existing approaches in the...

Nowadays, teachers and students utilize different ICT devices for conducting innovative and educational activities from anywhere at any time. The enactment of these activities relies on robust communication and computational infrastructures used for supporting technological devices enabling better accessibility to educational resources and pedagogi...

In this paper I present and discuss our efforts and experiences with regard to those aspects connected to the design and implementation of seamless learning activities and how to promote those in order to become sustainable. A particular case in the field of mathematics education is presented and discussed. In terms of technologies to support seaml...

About the book. Mobile Learning: The Next Generation documents the most innovative projects in context-aware mobile learning in order to develop a richer theoretical understanding of learning in modern mobile-connected societies. Context-aware mobile learning takes advantage of cell phone, mobile, and pervasive personal technologies to design learn...

The wide availability of mobile devices like smartphones and tablets among students as well as the included positioning technologies, high definition cameras and other sensors, together with continuous Internet access bring many new opportunities for developing mobile applications supporting learning activities. However, there is an immense fragmen...

The present study describes our on-going efforts aiming at refining and validating a Mobile Seamless Learning (MSL) approach supported by mobile Digital Storytelling (mDS). Considering learning factors of locality, formality and time, as well as elements of designs for learning and technical development, we have chosen six dimensions of the MSL fra...

This chapter describes our efforts towards finalizing an all-embracing workflow for a Mobile Seamless Learning approach supporting mobile Digital Storytelling (mDS) for educational purposes. Considering the factors of locality, formality and time, as well as the design of the activity and assignments, we have chosen five dimensions of the Mobile Se...

This paper discusses the efforts carried out related to the design and development of a web-based framework that allows designing, deploying and executing mobile data collecting applications. Furthermore, it also allows analyzing and presenting the data that is generated during the mentioned process. The fact that the framework is completely web-ba...

Recent socio-technological developments have shown growing interest in interactive pervasive computing scenarios supported by public displays. One of the main challenges in the design of public display systems still is to engage users to interact and be motivated to do so. In this work, we describe application features, implemented in our public di...

Recent developments have shown a growing interest in interactive pervasive computing scenarios supported by public displays as well as their introduction into educational environments. Still, one of the biggest challenges in the design of public display systems is to engage users to interact and be motivated to do so. In this paper, we report a stu...

Mobile technologies have emerged as facilitators in the learning process, extending traditional classroom activities. However, engineering mobile learning applications for outdoor usage poses severe challenges. The requirements of these applications are challenging, as many different aspects need to be catered, such as resource access and sharing,...

The articles in this special section focus on the topic of seamless, pervasive, and contextual learning systems.

The book departs from the approach of related titles by focusing on describing and reflecting upon the notion of seamless learning with regard to salient characteristics of learner mobility and bridging of learning experiences across learning spaces. It is the first such work that is solely dedicated to research on and the practice of seamless lear...

In recent years, teachers have started to conduct pedagogical activities to promote different kinds of learning interactions supported by rich media. The deployment of such activities is rapidly increasing, as teachers and students own technological means that allow supporting them along such interactions. These activities can be carried out in tra...

Substantial research in the field of mobile learning has explored aspects related to contextualized learning scenarios. Nevertheless, the current context of a mobile learner has been often limited to his/her current position, neglecting the possibilities offered by modern mobile devices of providing a much richer representation of the current learn...

This paper presents a web-based framework that allows the creation and deployment of mobile learning activities. We present an authoring tool that allows not-technically skilled persons to design mobile learning tasks and deploy them as a web-based mobile application. Since the presented approach is based exclusively on web-technologies, the deploy...

Recent years have seen a growing interest in supporting learning activities/scenarios that go beyond the traditional classroom context as well as the development of pervasive computing scenarios supported by display installations. In order to explore such interactive scenarios that span video-based learning activities across school contexts, we hav...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a ubiquitous problem-based learning system (UPBLS) on students' question-raising performance in field inquiry activities. An experiment was conducted on an elementary school natural science course. A total of 43 sixth and fifth grade elementary students divided into experienced and novice g...

This paper describes the design and development stages of a web-based framework, aiming to support the creation of mobile applications within the context of mobile learning. The suggested approach offers the opportunity to deploy and execute these applications on mobile devices. This web-based solution additionally offers the possibility to visuali...

This paper presents our current efforts towards finalizing a complete workflow for mobile digital storytelling (mDS) supporting the concept of mobile seamless learning (MSL) in educational settings. Our purpose with the present study was twofold: to initiate the incorporation of complementary software solutions concordant with the mDS workflow prop...

Recent studies in science and engineering education support that inductive learning activities encouraging active student involvement may improve students' motivation, development of soft skills and academic performance, compared to traditional lectures. Until recently, several technology-enhanced learning environments have been proposed to facilit...

Proprietary software solutions are extensively deployed through multiple platforms including desktop, web and mobile devices. Such systems are in many cases closed, thus making it difficult for software developers to expand and create additional features to these systems. Recent research in the field of web and mobile technologies indicates that op...

A wide range of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) have been used to support teaching and to enhance the learning process in the last decades. With the latest introduction of large interactive tabletops, multi-touch interaction is taken to the next level since large displays allow and invite not just one but multiple users to interac...

This paper reflects on our experiences during the last four years regarding the development of a web & mobile application for sustainable environment. After five development cycles our software application has become robust, flexible, and expandable platform. Inspired from this and the needs identified during this process we report our research tow...

This paper presents the overall lifecycle and evolution of a software system we have developed in relation to the Learning Ecology through Science with Global Outcomes (LETS GO) research project. One of the aims of the project is to support "open inquiry learning" using mobile science collaboratories that provide open software tools and resources,...

One of the curriculum goals of e-learning in school education is to develop learners for 21st century skills through their daily learning activities. This paper aims to discuss the research issues and policy implications critical for achieving such a curriculum goal. A review of literature in the related fields indicates that K-12 schools should ta...

This paper presents the overall goals and preliminary results of an on-going research project that aims at: understanding the intricacies and complexities of introducing mobile technologies into schools' curriculum and accepted teaching practices; analyzing actual transformations that the use of mobile technologies in schools brings to contemporary...

Recommender systems have become an important application domain related to the development of personalized mobile services. Thus, various recommender mechanisms have been developed for filtering and delivering relevant information to mobile users. This paper presents a rich context model to provide the relevant content of news to the current contex...

This chapter presents the activities and outcomes of the "People's Voices: Developing Cross Media Services to Promote Citizens Participation in Local Governance Activities" project. The aims of the project were a) to identify and describe a number of cross media services that can be used to promote citizens’ participation in political decisions an...

The increased use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in schools promises up-to-date, interactive and collaborative learning content. However, this has proved difficult to fulfill as the requirements from students and teachers combined with devices in a variety of contexts are expensive to meet. Software reuse is a proven way to dec...

In recent years, many efforts have been undertaken in order to design and deploy learning activities that make use of modern mobile devices, like smartphones and tablet PC’s. Hence, new possibilities for supporting these so-called mobile learning scenarios have risen. One of the major benefits of these kinds of learning scenarios is the possibility...

This paper contributes to the understanding of how digital public displays can be utilized in schools taking into consideration educational goals. This work is part of a currently on-going research project that aims to promote students' curiosity in science and technology through creative film-making, collaborative editing activities, and content s...

Nowadays, there is a growing variety of mobile devices and online video content that could be used to support a variety of pedagogical strategies used for different cross-context learning scenarios. In order to take advantage of these developments, this paper presents an approach that allows to integrate learning material represented as videos in m...

In this poster, we describe our initial steps towards understanding how digital public displays in schools can be utilized in order to foster students’ curiosity towards scientific topics. More specifically, this present work is part of an on-going research project (JuxtaLearn) that aims at provoking students’ curiosity in science and technology th...

Education systems worldwide must strive to support the teaching of a set of New Media Literacies (NMLs). These literacies respond to the need for educating human capital within participatory cultures in a highly technologized world. In this paper, we present Collboard, a constructivist problem solving activity for fostering the development of speci...

Mobile devices, in the form of smartphones, are endowed with rich capabilities in terms of multimedia, sensors and connectivity. The wide adoption of these devices allows using them across different settings and situations. One area in which mobile devices become more and more prominent is within the field of mobile learning. Here, mobile devices p...

This paper presents our on-going research related to the use of mobile digital storytelling (mDS) as means for promoting innovative ways of collaboratively learning about cultural heritage. In a joint effort we have worked closely together with our fellow stakeholders – a local museum and a primary school – on actively engaging a group of Swedish s...