Marcelo Leiva-Bianchi

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor at University of Talca

Background and Objectives: This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and synthesize the scientific evidence of interventions for sleep disorders on sleep quality, cognitive function, and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted between...

This study presents a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) on the use of machine learning (ML) methods for detecting online grooming, a form of manipulation and child sexual abuse. The SR identified 33 studies from IEEE, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, and 11 ML methods were meta-analyzed for accurac...

Bullshit—verbal statements with little or no concern for the truth—has sparked a growing interest in individual traits, with an increase in the number of studies aimed at understanding why people are more receptive to this type of false information. This review seeks to identify variables associated with bullshit receptivity. To this end, a meta‐an...

From comprehensive theoretical models, interventions based on character strengths are considered promising tools for the development of work engagement and performance (Bakker & Demerouti, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273, 2017; Salanova et al., 2006). However, there is a gap in scientific research regarding these interventions...

El sector salud enfrenta desafíos constantes que requieren de liderazgos positivos y efectivos, capaces de gestionar recursos y equipos en entornos complejos y bajo alta presión. En este contexto, las habilidades personales se convierten en un pilar fundamental para la gestión efectiva de los equipos y el bienestar organizacional. Esta Guía de Inte...

Background: Quarantine is one of the most effective strategies to control outbreaks of communicable diseases. Individuals under isolation or quarantine experience both physical and mental effects. Therefore, given its widespread implementation around the world, it is pertinent to analyze this effect on physical and mental health. The psychosocial i...

This study presents a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) on the use of machine learning (ML) methods for detecting online grooming, a process of manipulation and sexual abuse towards children. An SR was conducted to identify and describe ML methods and effectiveness indicators for detecting grooming. From 26 studies obtained from IEEE, W...

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by symptoms associated with difficulties in emotion regulation, altered self-image, impulsivity, and instability in personal relationships. A relationship has been found between BPD symptoms and altered neuropsychological processes. Studies of event-related potentials (ERP) measured...

Objective: Although widely used, the validity of the Coping Ways Checklist (WCC) is a persistent problem. Methods: By studying a sample (n=285) obtained from a population that had experienced the same traumatic event (an earthquake), using with parallel factor analysis and exploratory structure model (ESEM), a scale of 46 items was obtained: Ways...

In 2018, Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) was officially recognized as a distinct syndrome in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). This recognition aimed to differentiate between neurotic disorders secondary to stressful situations and somatoform disorders, and disorders specifically associated with st...

Background: Sleep problems have a high recurrence in children and adolescents with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) experience high rates of sleep problems. Objective: Understand the relationship between sleep disorders and ADHD symptoms. Methods and procedures: A systematic review was performed using electronic databases,...

Solastalgia is a recent concept that refers to disruptive psychological responses in people exposed to environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to determine the number of dimensions solastalgia has using a sample of people exposed to the effects of climate change in the coastal dry land of Maule region, Chile. In order to achieve this,...

Progressive changes in local environmental scenarios, accelerated by global climate change, can negatively affect the mental health of people who inhabit these areas. The magnitude of these effects may vary depending on the socioeconomic conditions of people and the characteristics of the environment, so certain territories can be more vulnerable t...

Objective: Since its first definition, the number of dimensions of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased (e.g., 1 to 7). This could be caused by 2 methodological reasons. First, the studies do not select representative samples of the population and do not consider the magnitude of exposure to the same event. Second, they use nonrob...

Objectives: The problem is to determine whether, after a disaster, unemployment is a possible cause of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - the classic model, or whether PTSD is a possible cause of unemployment - the alternative model. Material and methods: The study was conducted on a probabilistic sample of 26 213 adults who provided respon...

Objective: To establish differentiated depressive subtypes using a latent class analysis (LCA), including clinical and functional indicators in a sample of depressed patients consulted in Chilean Primary Health Care. Methods: A LCA was performed on a sample of 297 depressed patients consulted in Chilean PHC. The Mini International Neuropsychiatr...

Recent findings indicate that both disruptive Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and healthy Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) responses have some spatial distribution depending on where they are measured and the different degrees of exposure that people may have to a critical event (e.g., earthquake). Less is known about how these responses change as...

The occurrence of earthquakes can cause psychiatric problems expressed as unpleasant and uncontrollable memories of the event termed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mapping the location of people and identifying their exposure and reactions to an earthquake can be extremely valuable from a public, mental health point of view. The main object...

The literature identifies multiple factors that can affect the adoption of new technologies and practices in agriculture to support farm innovation, such as farmers’ socio-economic characteristics and the characteristics of the promoted technology, among others. It has, however, scarcely contemplated the role of the farm workforce in technology and...

Resumen Los desastres se caracterizan por generar un impacto en las personas y comunidades expuestas, quienes responderán de manera disruptiva o saludable. El objetivo de esta investigación es definir ese impacto psicosocial mediante el diseño y validación de la Escala de Impacto Psicosocial de los Desastres (SPSI-D). Para ello se revisó literatura...

Los desastres se caracterizan por generar un impacto en las personas y comunidades expuestas, quienes responderán de manera disruptiva o saludable. El objetivo de esta investigación es definir ese impacto psicosocial mediante el diseño y validación de una escala: SPSI-D. Para eso: se revisó literatura centrada en el impacto de los desastres; se dis...

This chapter analyzes healthy and dysfunctional responses, as well as the risk and protective factors for children exposed to earthquakes/tsunamis. It also reviews the scientific literature of Chile, one of the countries most exposed to these disasters, related to the “F-27,” an earthquake/tsunami that occurred on February 27, 2010. This was the mo...

Objective: To identify the clinical and psychosocial factors associated with psychiatric comorbidity in patients consulting for depression in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Chile. Methods: 394 patients with a diagnosis of major depression being treated in a Chilean PHC were evaluated using a sociodemographic and clinical interview, the mini-intern...

Mediante un experimento realizado con estudiantes universitarios chilenos, se empleó el conocimiento acumulado en torno a la recuperación mediante la práctica, para mejorar el rendimiento en una prueba de recuerdo para un grupo de aprendizaje de 40 participantes estudiantes de primer año, provenientes de distintas carreras (Psicología, Ingeniería C...

The psychosocial impact concept improves the understanding of the effects of disasters on people and communities. However, its definition is not clear. This work explores consistencies between studies (k = 21) that refer to the psychosocial impact of disasters by way of a meta-analytic synthesis. This synthesis indicates that people are more prone...

The psychosocial impact concept improves the understanding of the effects of disasters on people and communities. However, its definition is not clear. This work explores consistencies between studies (k = 21) that refer to the psychosocial impact of disasters by way of a meta-analytic synthesis. This synthesis indicates that people are more prone...

Objective: This is the first time that the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for post-disaster stress (CBT-PD) in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been tested outside the United States of America. Design: Quasi-experiment with three groups. In the quasi-control group, complete CBT-PD was applied even though its m...

Background: Traumatic experiences during childhood may influence the development of mental disorders during adulthood. Aim: To determine clinical and psychosocial variables that are associated with a higher frequency of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in patients who consult for depression in Primary Health Care clinics in Chile. Material a...

This study identifies the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its relationship with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people affected by the earthquake and tsunami that occurred in Chile on February 27th 2010. Davidson Trauma Scale and an item from SPRINT-E that measures suicidal ideation were applied to 247 participants. An 8.9% prevalence...

Objective: To establish the relationship between psychiatric comorbidities and childhood traumatic events in patients with depression in Chile. Methods: Three hundred and ninety-four patients with major depression were assessed using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview and a screening for childhood trauma. Results: Social anxiety...

Introduction: recent studies emphasize the importance of examining the effect of socioeconomic status on child psychomotor development. In this sense, research conducted reports that the level of economic and cultural environment child operate in, are crucial for facilitating their normal development. Objectives: the study proposes a statistical mo...

Objective: After the earthquake and tsunami in Chile (F-27), we studied the effect of socio-demographic factors, exposure to the event, and state aid received on comorbidity from panic disorder (PD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Surveys that include the administration of the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) to 246 inhabitants. Re...

p> Objetivo Después del terremoto y tsunami de Chile (27-F), estudiamos el efecto de factores socio-demográficos, de exposición al evento y de ayuda estatal recibida en la comorbilidad entre trastorno de pánico (CAP) y estrés postraumático (TEPT). Método Encuestas que incluían la Escala de Trauma de Davidson (DTS) a 246 habitantes. Resultados Se...

Introduction: Previous research indicates an increased prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after earthquakes and tsunamis as the February 27, 2010 (F-27). Objectives: (1) To determine the proportions of people who could present PTSD and each of its types of symptoms, (2) relate the proportions with groups of variables that may favor...

Objective: After the earthquake and tsunami in Chile (F-27), we studied the effect of socio-demographic factors, exposure to the event, and state aid received on comorbidity from panic disorder (PD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Surveys that include the administration of the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) to 246 inhabitants. Re...

The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was validated for the first time in South America using a sample of 270 people exposed to the February 27, 2010, Chilean earthquake. Analyses indicated validity ranging between regular and good for the PTGI's five original dimensions. However, an alternative three-factor version (PTGI-2) proposed here also...

On February 27, 2010 (F-27), an earthquake and tsunami occurred having a significant impact on the mental health of the Chilean population, leading to an increase in cases of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Within this context, validated for the first time in Chile was the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) using three samples (each one consisting...

Introducción: Se sabe que la prevalencia del estrés post-traumático (TEPT) es significativamente mayor después de terremotos y tsunamis como el del 27 de febrero de 2010 (27-F). Objetivos: (1) Determinar las proporciones de personas que podrían presentar TEPT y cada uno de sus tipos de síntomas, (2) relacionar las proporciones con grupos de variabl...

On February 27, 2010 (F-27) there was an earthquake and a tsunami in Chile that has caused a great impact on the mental health of the population of this country, specifically in the increase of cases of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In view of count better instruments to measure PTSD was applied for the first time since it was created, the...

RESUMEN Durante el año 2012 se resolvieron los concursos FONDECYT regular 2013 y de Iniciación a la investigación 2012. En el concurso de Iniciación a la Investigación, se presentaron 550 proyectos, de los cuales fueron aprobaron 293. De estos, 7 corresponden a Psicología (de un total de 15 proyectos postulados), por un valor de 299.125 millones de...

The purpose of this research was to describe the meaning of "earthquake" and "tsunami" in two groups with different exposures to the Chilean natural disaster on February 27th, 2010. A non-probabilistic sample of two-hundred-forty subjects from Constitución (n=104) and Punta Arenas (n=136) was selected. The first group was directly exposed to the ea...

The effect of the ways of coping (WOC) in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a stressing event common to a sample of 304 people (Chile, earthquake February, 27 2010) was determined through the application of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the Davidson Scale of Trauma. The results show 4 significant Regression Multiple Linear mo...

The effect of the ways of coping (WOC) in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a stressing event common to a sample of 304 people (Chile, earthquake February, 27 2010) was determined through the application of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the Davidson Scale of Trauma. The results show 4 significant Regression Multiple Linear mo...

Objectives An increase in the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is expected following the February 27th 2010 (F-27) earthquake and tsunami, according to previous research; the current research was aimed at showing the importance of this problem by identifying PTSD prevalence in Constitucion, one of the Chilean cities most affected...

El objetivo de este estudio es proponer un modelo predictor que permita identificar la vía por la cual el ingreso puede afectar la calidad de las representaciones de apego infantil a través de su efecto en variables psicológicas en los padres. La muestra está compuesta por 42 familias de nivel socioeconómico bajo, medio y alto. Se evaluó el ingreso...

Objectives An increase in the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is expected following the February 27th 2010 (F-27) earthquake and tsunami, according to previous research; the current research was aimed at showing the importance of this problem by identifying PTSD prevalence in Constitucion, one of the Chilean cities most affected...

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio es proponer un modelo predictor que permita identificar la vía por la cual el ingreso puede afectar la calidad de las representaciones de apego infantil a través de su efecto en variables psicológicas en los padres. La muestra está compuesta por 42 familias de nivel socioeconómico bajo, medio y alto. Se evaluó el...

Los diseños de medidas repetidas y los correspomdoientes modelos de análisis de varianza son frecuentemente utilizados en el ámbito de las ciencias del comportamiento y de la salud como estrategia de recogida y análisis de datos. Tesis doctoral inédita leida en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología So...

The present research provides a first screening of the presence of panic attack symptoms and their relation to some variables associated with the magnitude of the damage suffered by individuals exposed to the earthquake occurred on February 27 2010 in the central zone of Chile. A total of 150 adults that lived in several cities and villages of the...

This exploratory work is intended to generate a characterization map of psychosocial interventions conducted in the Maule Region after earthquake occurred in Chile in February 27 2010. Information was requested from 40 organizations and seven key informants that eventually made interventions in the Maule Region. A total of 67 interventions were rep...

This research presents data on the reliability and validity of construct (through structural model equations) of the CNA certification scale of educational quality in its student version. The results of two applications show that the instrument has acceptable reliability and that a theoretical model with related dimensions has a better fit of the d...

El 27 de febrero de 2010 la zona central de Chile sufrió un terremoto como pocos en la historia mundial. Este estudio cuantifica el impacto de este evento mediante la creación de un indicador de impacto de terremotos en las personas (IITP). Para esto, se midieron en 264 participantes las siguientes variables: daño físico de la vivienda, coste de lo...