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Publications
Publications (405)
Flooding is one of the deadliest and costliest forms of disaster in the US, and escalating climate change and rapid growth of cities are exacerbating it. Data about flood risks could help cities make flood-producing events more manageable and less detrimental. Current flood maps and forecasting techniques are limited in accounting for pluvial flood...
This volume pays tribute to the great career and extensive and varied scientific accomplishments of Walter Alvarez, on the occasion of his 80th birthday in 2020, with a series of papers related to the many topics he covered in the past 60 years: Tectonics of microplates, structural geology, paleomagnetics, Apennine sedimentary sequences, geoarchaeo...
Spilled oil in inland waterways can aggregate with mineral and organic particles to form oil-particle aggregates (OPAs). OPAs can be transported in suspension or deposited to the bed. Modeling the fate and transport of OPAs can provide useful information for making mitigation decisions. A novel open-source tool, FluOil, is developed to predict wher...
A substantial body of research has addressed the equilibrium cross‐sectional geometry of straight noncohesive channels, along with bends having fixed outer banks. However, development of a characteristic cross‐section during active migration has been confounded by inaccurate treatment of noncohesive bank erosion processes. This analysis characteriz...
Travertine crystal growth ripples are used to reconstruct the early hydraulic history of the Anio Novus aqueduct of ancient Rome. These crystalline morphologies deposited within the aqueduct channel record the hydraulic history of gravity-driven turbulent flow at the time of Roman operation. The wavelength, amplitude, and steepness of these travert...
The dynamics of sandy rivers is a complex phenomenon linking the interactions between dunes, flow and sediment transport. Despite an existing large amount of research, few comparative studies exist for rivers with major hydro-sedimentological differences. This work uses detailed dune measurements from the Paraná and Tercero rivers, Argentina. Signi...
Flooding is the most catastrophic disaster in the US, and escalating climate change is exacerbating it. The extreme daily precipitation events (99th percentile) have been observed to increase by 42% in the Midwest region from1958-2016 and are projected to increase at least 40 percent more by the end of the century, according to the Fourth National...
Direct numerical simulations of oscillatory boundary-layer flows in the transitional regime were performed to explain discrepancies in the literature regarding the phase difference ${\rm \Delta} \phi$ between the bed-shear stress and free-stream velocity maxima. Recent experimental observations in smooth bed oscillatory boundary-layer (OBL) flows,...
Many earlier developed and densely populated metropolises served by combined sewer systems have been implementing additional stormwater control measures to reduce the impacts of combined sewer overflows (CSO) driven by severe rainstorms. These mitigation measures call for robust modeling strategies to assess the overall performance before developme...
In the past decade, continuously rising water levels in Lake Michigan have been threatening lakefront areas, especially in metropolitan regions like the Greater Chicago area. This provides the motivation to analyze the impact that high lake levels have on the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS). As the only primary free connection between the CAWS...
Oscillatory boundary layer (OBL) flows over a smooth surface are studied using laser Doppler velocimetry in a large experimental oscillatory flow tunnel. The experiments cover a range of Reynolds numbers in the transitional regime (Reδ=254−1315). Motivated by inconsistencies in the literature, the focus is to shed light regarding the phase shift Δϕ...
Bubbly Creek is the historical name given to the West Fork of the South Branch of the Chicago River (SBCR). Even though its base flow is small, during extreme storm events Bubbly Creek becomes an important tributary to the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS). During extreme storm events, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) discharged by the Racine Aven...
ABSTRACT: Thanks to the digital revolution, we live in a world with an increasing abundance of data about everything in our lives. In terms of the built environment, we are now able to digitally capture data about our buildings and infrastructure assets in a way which was not possible even 20 years ago. But the question remains, how to harness that...
Meandering is one of the unique processes in Earth surface dynamics. Since the 1960s, fluvial geomorphologists have generalized numerous widely-acknowledged empirical or semi-empirical formulae to describe meandering rivers' characteristics. The most frequently applied one is the Kinoshita high-sinuosity curve to describe meander channel planform g...
Wind power generation faces intermittency challenges, typically requiring reserve power sources to maintain reliability of the electricity grid. This study proposes that hydropower turbines installed at low-head dams can provide reserve power generation to support wind power, avoiding the externalities associated with fossil-fuel plants and convent...
A well-balanced and positivity-preserving meshless method based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is developed to simulate onedimensional
(1D) and two-dimensional (2D) shallow water (SW) flows in open channels with irregular geometries. A new form of the characteristic
equations that govern the water-surface level and water velocity is intro...
Point bars are prominent features in meandering rivers, yet our understanding of the complex interactions among the morphology of the point bars to channel planform and curvature remains incomplete. This study seeks to address the extent to which channel centerline curvature can explain point bar morphology. High-resolution elevation datasets obtai...
Upper Mississippi River flow and sediment characteristics downstream of St. Louis are presented in this study. Available and measured data were used to assess a harbor siltation case and dredging needs. Such data are also useful to researchers and engineers conducting work in the Mississippi River and large rivers in general. Flows were characteriz...
We present an experimental analysis of hydraulic roughness variations due to changes in alluvial cover in a mixed bedrock-alluvial meandering channel with larger bedrock roughness than alluvial roughness. Three sets of experiments were conducted in a highly sinuous flume: one with bare bedrock, and two with enough sediment to cover 21% and 78% of t...
Systematic experiments were conducted to study differences in the threshold flow conditions for initiation of motion of submerged objects (spheres and cylinders) resting on permeable and impermeable beds. The threshold flow conditions were characterized with the Shields parameter, which was estimated with upstream flow velocity measurements obtaine...
En este trabajo se identifican, a través de un análisis espectral, las periodicidades plurianuales en las series históricas de caudales medios anuales escurridos en 14 sistemas fluviales de la República Argentina y en 10 indicadores macroclimáticos. La identificación de las frecuencias de tiempo dominantes en las series de caudales escurridos permi...
The expensive four-years cleanup of oiled sediment in the Kalamazoo River, MI after the 2010 pipeline rupture incident disclosed the impact from lingering oil-particle aggregates (OPAs) and challenges in locating them for cleanup. With support from the USGS Midwest Region Flex Fund, a FluOil model has been developed. FluOil predicts the movements o...
The aftermath of the Kalamazoo River oil spill in 2010, which resulted in years of cleanup efforts, showed that research needs to be done regarding oil-particle aggregate (OPA) formation and transport in riverine environments. Although three-dimensional hydrodynamic models can track the transport of OPAs with a high degree of accuracy, in the event...
Upper Mississippi River flow and sediment characteristics downstream of St. Louis are presented in this study. Available and measured data were used to assess a harbor siltation case and dredging needs. Such data are also useful to researchers and engineers conducting work in the Mississippi River and large rivers in general. Flows were characteriz...
Transport of oil through pipelines is at an all-time high and so is the risk of oil spill accidents. The July 2010 spill of diluted bitumen into the Kalamazoo River was the largest release of heavy crude into an inland waterway in the history of United States. After extensive cleanup and recovery efforts, substantial residual deposits from the oil...
The visualization highlights the phenomenon of non-linear distribution of near-bed sediment at asymmetric river bifurcations, also known as the Bulle-Effect. The visualized results were generated on Blue Waters (at NCSA), using the open-source high-order spectral element based Navier-Stokes solver Nek5000 coupled with a Lagrangian particle tracking...
Depth-averaged two-dimensional (2D) models are useful tools for understanding river morphodynamics through the computation of hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and an evolving river bed morphology. This paper presents a new parallelized 2D hydrodynamic, sediment transport, and bed morphology model, HydroSedFoam. The model uses the Message Passing...
One of the fundamental units in fluvial systems is a bifurcation, where an existing channel splits into two. Diversions are a special class of asymmetric bifurcation, in which one of the channels after bifurcation continues along the original channel. Over the years, engineered diversions have been used for irrigation and navigational purposes. Int...
The complexity of open channel confluences stems from flow mixing, secondary circulation, post-confluence flow separation, contraction and backwater effects. These effects in turn result in a large number of parameters required to adequately quantify the junction induced hydraulic resistance and describe mean flow pattern and turbulent flow structu...
Abandoned Unexploded Ordnances (UXOs) from wartime events, accidents, training or other military activities can be found in coastal environments. While the interest for these hazardous submerged objects is increased, there are still existing knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms of incipient motion and flow behavior around UXOs lying on the seafl...
In the analysis of river hydrodynamics a great quantity of variables are present, this variables when considered in solving the state equations describe the flow behavior. In this work is presented the three-dimensional solution of the equations of Navier Stokes averaged by Reynolds with a model of closing for the turbulence K–ξ; solution applied i...
The Committee Firenze 2016, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the tragic 1966 flood, invited six engineers and scientists to form an International Technical Scientific Committee (ITSC) to assess the current status of flood protection for the city of Florence and identify steps to reduce the risk of flooding facing the city. In this final R...
In the analysis of river hydrodynamics a great quantity of variables are present, this variables when considered in solving the state equations describe the flow behavior. In this work is presented the three-dimensional solution of the equations of Navier Stokes averaged by Reynolds with a model of closing for the turbulence K-ξ; solution applied i...
A methodology to assess input-variable sensitivity for sediment transport relations is presented. The Mean Value First Order Second Moment Method (MVFOSM) is applied to two bedload transport equations showing that it may be used to rank all input variables in terms of how their specific variance affects the overall variance of the sediment transpor...
Bulle-Effect is a phenomenon in which a disproportionately higher amount of near-bed sediment load at a fluvial diversion moves into the diverted channel, even for cases in which the proportion of water (with respect to the main flow) entering the diversion channel is relatively small. This phenomenon has wide ranging implications for both engineer...
En el análisis de la hidrodinámica fluvial están presentes una gran cantidad de variables, que al ser consideradas en la solución de las ecuaciones de estado describen el comportamiento del flujo. En este trabajo, se presenta la solución tridimensional de las ecuaciones de Navier Stokes promediadas por Reynolds con un modelo de cierre para la turbu...
Combined sewer overflow (CSO) can be a critical inflow source for urban rivers during storm events. This paper presents a case study of the Chicago waterway. A three-dimensional (3D) river hydrodynamic model was developed and integrated with an urban rainfall-runoff model using the Open Modelling Interface (OpenMI). Both the effects of CSO discharg...
In December 2009, during a piscicide treatment targeting the invasive Asian carp in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Rhodamine WT dye was released to track and document the transport and dispersion of the piscicide. In this study, two modeling approaches are presented to reproduce the advection and dispersion of the dye tracer (and piscicide),...
This paper evaluates conveyance and flow characteristics for the Anio Novus, the aqueduct bringing water from the greatest distance to ancient Rome. Travertine accumulations, deposited from water on floor and walls, were used to reconstruct the flow rate and associated spatial and temporal variations. Hydraulic quantities (e.g., flow depth and velo...
Pool-riffle sequences play a central role in providing habitat diversity conditions both in terms of flow and substrate in gravel bed streams. Understanding their capacity to self-maintain has been the focus of research for many years, starting with the velocity reversal hypothesis. This hypothesis relied only on cross sectional averaged flow infor...
The erosion of rock-bedded channels generally is considered a slow process caused mainly by abrasion due to bedload or suspended sediments, but the mechanisms of rapid erosion remain unclear. Cavitation is a clear-fluid erosive process, well known for its effect on engineering structures, when water vapour bubbles collapse and the resultant pressur...
We used a numerical model to analyze the impact of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in the hydrodynamics and water quality of the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS). We coupled the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) with the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) to perform three-dimensional simulations of the hydrodynamics and wate...
Understanding the conveyance of sewer networks is vital, especially in cases of great variability in flow rates, such as in combined sanitary and storm sewer systems. Conventional conveyance studies in sewer systems often have extended computation times due to complexity of the solution, or alternatively make assumptions that ignore the water-surfa...
We have developed a probabilistic model to simulate the fate and transport of non-conservative constituents in urban watersheds. The approach implemented here extends previous studies that rely on the Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph concept to include non-conservative constituents. This is implemented with a factor χ that affects the...
Few studies have examined the three-dimensional flow structure and bed morphology within elongate loops of large meandering channels. The present study focuses on the spatial patterns of three-dimensional flow structure and bed morphology within two elongate meander loops and examines how differences in outer bank roughness influence near-bank flow...
The unsteady flow characteristics around two partially buried objects, a short cylinder and a truncated cone, were examined with a three-dimensional, non-hydrostatic hydrodynamic model under similar steady unidirectional currents with flow Reynolds numbers, Re, of 86,061 and 76,209, respectively. Model simulations were conducted with the two object...
Resumen—La modelación hidráulica de ríos es una herramienta fundamental en el estudio de áreas inundables en épocas de crecidas. En la actualidad, con el empleo de estudios hidrológicos y modelización hidrodinámica en diferentes dimensiones espaciales (1D, 2D y 3D), se pueden manejar hipótesis suficientemente realistas para la prevención de catástr...
The Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) includes the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) and the Calumet-Sag Channel (Cal-Sag), the two primary, man-made connections between the Mississippi River Basin and the Great Lakes. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitors diversion of Great Lakes water at a streamgage just downstream of the confluence...
We investigate coherent structures present in oscillatory boundary layers over smooth and rough beds for Reynolds numbers between 103 and 104, in the transition to turbulence regime. A two-camera 2D- particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used to visualize coherent structures in an oscillatory-flow tunnel. The obtained results show that smooth...
La cuenca del Río Carcarañá (subcuenca de la Cuenca del Plata), es un importante sistema fluvial ubicado en la región central de la República Argentina, que posee un área de más de 50.000 km2. La cuenca se extiende sobre el centrosudeste de la provincia de Córdoba y el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe, siendo esta región unos de los sitios agrícolas...
An analytical model is developed for unidirectional-flow waterways in which the dissolved oxygen (DO) mass balance is dominated by reaeration and sediment oxygen demand (SOD) fluxes. To accurately represent the feedback between the two principal fluxes and the resulting spatial distribution of depth-averaged DO concentration (CDO) in the water colu...
Asian carp eggs are semi-buoyant and must remain suspended in the water to survive, supported by the turbulence of the flow, until they hatch and develop the ability to swim. Analysis of the transport and dispersal patterns of Asian carp eggs will facilitate the development and implementation of control strategies to target the early life stages. E...
Video of synthetic eggs drifting under different flow conditions and bed configurations.
(MP4)
Climate change has been recognized as a major threat that could induce significant increments in atmospheric temperature. A warmer atmosphere would in turn be able to affect the energy balance at the Earth's surface by triggering an increase in the temperature of the soil and water bodies. There is a major concern on how higher temperatures in wate...
The experimental study of incipient motion, the regime where particles resting on a granular bed enter a process of sediment transport, can be approached using a single-particle pivoting model. Such pivoting model states that the fundamental mechanism of the incipient motion depends, among other factors, on the local fluid flow, bed-flow interface...
