Marc Raynal

L’Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin | IFV · Vinopole Bordeaux Aquitaine

Downy mildew is a highly destructive disease of grapevine. Currently, monitoring for its symptoms is time-consuming and requires specialist staff. Therefore, an automated non-destructive method to detect the pathogen before the visible symptoms appear would be beneficial for early targeted treatments. The aim of this study was to detect the disease...

Aims: Cheap, rapid tools for measuring emissions of Plasmopara viticola sporangia directly in the field are required to protect grapevines efficiently and sustainably against downy mildew. To this end, we adapted an existing loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocol based on ITS2 sequences, coupled with a rotating-arm sampler and simp...

Agriculture is a highly weather-dependent activity, climatic conditions impact both directly crop growth and indirectly diseases and pests developments causing yield losses. Weather forecasts are now a major component of various decision-support systems that assist farmers to optimize the positioning of crop protection treatments. However, properly...

Downy mildew is a severe disease of grapevines treated by repeated fungicide applications during the growing season. The impact of these treatments on human health is currently under scrutiny. Fungicide application long before disease onset is not thought to be greatly beneficial for grape production, but the first fungicide treatment is applied at...

Grape downy mildew (GDM) is a major disease of grapevine that has an impact on both the yields of the vines and the quality of the harvested fruits. The disease is currently controlled by repetitive fungicide treatments throughout the season, especially in the Bordeaux vineyards where the average number of fungicide treatments against GDM was equal...

La double performance, économique et environnementale, constitue un enjeu majeur pour la filièreviticole qui demeure très dépendante de l’utilisation des pesticides. A elle seule, la lutte fongicidereprésente 80% des intrants. Un OAD (DeciTrait®) regroupant l’ensemble des informations nécessairesà la mise en œuvre d’une protection économe en intran...

Grape downy mildew (GDM) is a major disease of grapevine and the date of appearance of its first symptoms is a determinant information for the protection of the vineyard. Probabilistic elicitation of experts has been used here to estimate this date. In 2017 and 2018, 29 experts were elicited to provide probability distributions of dates of GDM appe...

As part of the work carried out since 2006 on the spatialization of meteorological data and following the hail events of 2009, the French Institute of Vine and Wine has developed a system for real-time monitoring of the health status of the vineyard.

Crop diseases and pests are highly dependent on weather conditions. Various decision support systems are proposed to take into account these meteorological conditions in the modeling of epidemic dynamics and to assist farmers in their decision-making. Nevertheless, the atmospheric flow is a chaotic phenomenon and weather forecasts remain uncertain....

Grape downy mildew is a major disease of grapevine and the date of appearance of its first symptoms is crucial information for the protection of the vineyard. Probabilistic elicitation of experts has been used here to estimate this date. In 2017 and 2018, 29 experts were elicited to provide distributions of probable dates of late blight occurrence...

Grapevine downy mildew (GDM) is a severe disease of grapevines. Due to the lack of reliable information about the dates of GDM symptom onset, many vine-growers begin fungicide treatments early in the season. We evaluate the extent to which such preventive treatments are justified. Observational data for 266 untreated sites-years between 2010 and 20...

Early detection of fungal pathogen presence in the field would help to better time or avoid some of the fungicide treatments used to prevent crop production losses. We recently introduced a new phytoalexin-based method for a non-invasive detection of crop diseases using their fluorescence. The causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, Plasmopara viti...

The systemic analysis of the performance of a vineyard at the scale of a wine-making exploitation is made possible by the use of sensors stemming from so called precision techniques, which allow precise and exhaustive geo-located measures. The aim of our study is to exploit this kind of data and evaluate their information using geographical informa...

The aim of this study is to assess whether market-based instruments of agri-environmental policy such as taxes and subsidies can promote reduced pesticide use in viticulture. Simulations are carried out using VINEPA, a multi-periodic discrete stochastic programming (DSP) model based on panel data from vineyards. We then evaluate how changes in pest...

Introduction New technologies based on digital processing are develop themselves at any scales. Whether global or embedded on tractors solutions find more and more applications to facilitate quality management of the production and lower their environmental impacts. In the field of plant protection, the combination of different layers of informatio...

This research had two objectives. The first was to model the behaviour of wine producers, and the second was to assess the effectiveness of policies designed to reduce pesticide use in viticulture. We modeled the decisions of producers aiming to maximize their expected income while subject to a number of constraints and phytosanitary risks. We also...

The French Institute of Vine and Wine set a tool to spatialize the water stress risk for grapevine at a regional scale, based on a water balance model (WaLIS) and high resolution meteo data from Meteo France. These spatialisations are diffused for free as maps on the regional web site www.vignevin-lr.com. A comparison of the water stress risk indic...

The research aims to model wine producer behavior and to assess the effectiveness of policies to reduce pesticide use in winegrape growing. We model the decision of a producer maximizing expected income under constraints and phytosanitary risk, considering the impacts of different strategies targeting downy mildew, the main grape disease in Europea...

Institut Français de la Vigne et du vin (IFV) 39, rue Michel Montaigne, 33290 Blanquefort, France ______________________________________________________________________________ Since 2007, an experimental partnership is being developed between Meteo France and French vine and wine institute (IFV) to appreciate the impact of fine scale meteorologica...

La lutte contre le mildiou de la vigne à l’aide des fongicides QoIs a rapidement conduit à des pertes d’efficacité dans les vignobles mondiaux. Grâce au séquençage complet du gène codant pour le cytochrome b (cible des QoIs) et de marqueurs neutres (microsatellites), la présence d’une mutation ponctuelle ou SNP (G143A) dans le gène du Cyt b a été d...

Since more than a century, cryptogrammic diseases oblige European winegrower to protect its vineyard against downy and powdery mildews. Modelling of these diseases offers the possibility to evaluate the risks of epidemics, in order to improve the strategy of treatments. ITV France uses in Bordeaux "Potential System" (PS) models developed by the pri...

To quantify the magnitude and the spatial spread of grapevine downy mildew secondary sporangia, 4685 Plasmopara viticola single lesion samples were collected from 18 plots spread across central Europe. Disease symptoms were collected on two to 22 sampling dates per plot between 2000 and 2002. Four multiallelic microsatellite markers were used for g...

Downy and Powdery mildew control : adaptation of the doses of pesticides according to risks of epidemics and total leaf surface developed in the vineyard. Marc Raynal, Marc Vergnes, Michael Anneraud, Marion Claverie, Thierry Coulon ITV France – 39 rue Montaigne – 33290 BLANQUEFORT – France Dealing progressively with integrated crop control manageme...