Marc Kham

• Électricité de France (EDF)

This Cahier Technique has been produced under the aegis of the French Association for Earthquake Engineering (AFPS). It is an 'Earthquake Geotechnics' handbook providing an overview of the topic of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction. It follows on from Cahier Technique CT no. 22 describing the application of the PS92 rules (AFPS, 2001) and the Gu...

Ce Cahier Technique a été réalisé sous l'égide de l’Association Française de Génie Parasismique (AFPS). Il s’agit d’un cahier de "Géotechnique Sismique" qui propose un panorama sur le thème de la liquéfaction des sols sous l'effet de séismes. Il s'inscrit dans la continuité du Cahier Technique CT n°22 qui détaille l’application des règles PS92 (AFP...

The seismic response of Aratozawa rockfill dam (Japan) is simulated in the present work by using ECP constitutive model and Aster FE code [1]. Static calculation is first performed for computing initial stress and strain fields. Then, the numerical convergence problem in dynamic step under two-component seismic loadings is discussed. It is found th...

The most commonly used procedure for prediction of the behaviour of laterally loaded piles is the P–y curve formulation, which gives a simple but efficient framework to predict the response of the pile. This framework is limited to a single direction of loading, while there are several situations in which a pile is subjected to lateral loads with v...

One of the main hypotheses accounted herein is associating the dynamic response of a soil profile or of an earth structure to a sample of a Gaussian narrow-band random process. This assumption enables to obtain an information about the number of cycles and the distribution of distortion's values by cycles. The key concept of this approach is a comm...

La plupart des éoliennes offshore sont fondées sur monopieux. L’augmentation constante de la capacité des turbines et l’insuffisance des procédures évoquées dans les documents normatifs, notamment en ce qui concerne la prise en compte des chargements cycliques, posent des défis pour leur dimensionnement. Dans le cas des sites français, la présence...

The scope of this paper is to give an insight into the advantages of a new, all-embracing, modeling approach of a strong ground motion scenario, by carrying out a source-to-structure analysis at regional scale, accounting explicitly for the uncertainties related to the databases and the models. To this end, a suitable case-study is represented by t...

The influence of the regional 3-D geology on the synthetic earthquake ground motion prediction is herein assessed, studying the seismic response of Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant (KKNPP), during the 2007 Niigata seismic sequence (west Japan), so to explore the potentiality and practicability of the innovative computational tools available....

The influence of the regional 3-D geology on the synthetic earthquake ground motion prediction is herein assessed, studying the seismic response of Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant (KKNPP), during the 2007 Niigata seismic sequence (west Japan), so to explore the potentiality and practicability of the innovative computational tools available....

This paper aims at the analysis of seismic wave amplification in a deep alluvial basin in the city of Tunis in Tunisia. This sedimentary basin is 3000m wide and 350m deep. Since the seismic hazard is significant in this area, the depth of the basin and the strong impedance ratio raise the need for an accurate estimation of seismic motion amplificat...

L’amplification du mouvement sismique dans les couches sédimentaires de surface est un phénomène bien connu en sismologie. Il est possible d’appréhender ce phénomène par une approche simplifiée permettant d’étudier directement la résonance vibratoire d’une vallée afin d’estimer sa fréquence fondamentale. Dans certains cas, il est en revanche nécess...

The amplification of seismic movement within sedimentary surface layers is a wellknown phenomenon in the field of seismology. It is entirely possible to comprehend this phenomenon via a simplified approach that enables directly studying the vibrational resonance of a valley in order to estimate its "fundamental frequency". In some cases however, it...

The main purpose of the paper is the analysis of seismic site effects in various alluvial basins. The analysis is performed considering a numerical approach (boundary element method). Two main cases are considered: a shallow deposit in the centre of Nice (France) [Soil Dyn. Earthquake Engng 19 (2000) 345] and a deep irregular basin in Caracas (Vene...

Résumé – On propose une formulation continue augmentée en vitesse [4] du contact-frottement pour la dynamique. On montre une application à la modélisation de la chute de cette grappe de commande dans le système de guidage [1]. On montre une très bonne correspondance avec les résultats expérimentaux aussi bien pour les évaluations des forces d'inser...

The geometrical and mechanical features of alluvial deposits have a major influence on seismic wave propagation and amplification. However, for alluvial basins located in densely urbanized areas, the surface structures such as buildings could influence seismic wave propagation near the free surface. In this paper, the influence of surface structure...

In the framework of the Sismovalp European project, an equivalent linear 2D code was developed to compute the response of a valley to SH waves, using the discrete wave-number method proposed by Aki and Larner (Aki K, Larner KL (1970) J Geophys Res 75:5). To overcome the frequency upper bound limitation, the Aki and Larner’s method is combined with...

It is most generally admitted that seimic ground motion is the convolution of source, path and site effects. The question addressed here is whether a fourth term, called "Site-City Interaction" (SCI), should be added for densely urbanized areas, corresponding to feedback effects from the shaken buildings in the soil. After a short overview of vario...

Structural and geotechnical engineers have been aware for a long time of soil-structure interaction (SSI) phenomena, which modify the seismic response of massive or tall buildings erected on soft soils. On their side, seismologists have known for a long time that it is not a good idea to install seismological stations close to trees. During the las...

At the scale of a city, surface structures like buildings could behave as secondary seismic sources and influence the seismic "free-field". Local interactions between structures through the soil could also be significant. Some experimental evidences of the "structure-soil" interaction were previously given [12]. The problem is herein investigated a...

In dense urban areas, seismic wave amplification in alluvial desposits ("site effects") can be additionally strengthened by the buildings vibration at the free surface. Seismic hazard in urban areas could thus be influenced by both site conditions and urban configuration, defining the "Site-City Interaction" (SCI). In this work, site effects are fi...

The main purpose of the paper is the analysis of seismic site effects in alluvial basins. Wave amplification is due to a combined effect of impedance ratio between soil layers and surface wave propagation due to the limited extent of the basin. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the complexity of the soil layering on site effects in bot...

Dans le cadre du groupe de travail de l’ACI CATastrophes NATurelles sur l’Interaction Site-Ville, un modèle simplifié de ville est proposé pour l’analyse du risque sismique en milieu urbain. Ce modèle est constitué d’un réseau d’immeubles identiques périodiquement espacés et reposant sur une couche de sol unidimensionnelle. La variation imposée aux...

Résumé : Dans le cadre du groupe de travail de l'ACI CATastrophes NATurelles sur l'Interaction Site-Ville, un modèle simplifié de ville est proposé pour l'analyse du risque sismique en milieu urbain. Ce modèle est constitué d'un réseau d'immeubles identiques périodiquement espacés et reposant sur une couche de sol unidimensionnelle. La variation im...

The classical procedure to assess the seismic risk for a superficial structure consists in distinguishing firstly the characterization of the seismic hazard and secondly the analysis of the structure vulnerability. But, as far as the entire urban area is concerned by the seismic risk, a network of superficial structures may influence the free-field...

The analysis of seismic site effects generally disregards the influence of surface structures on the free field motion in densely urbanized areas. This paper aims at investigating this particular problem called site-city interaction especially by comparison to the "free-field" amplification process. Several evidences (experimental, analytical, nume...

At the scale of a city, surface structures like buildings can modify the seismic free- field and behave as secondary seismic sources. At a local scale, some experimental evidences of the site-structure interaction were previously given (Guéguen, 2000). Thanks to the boundary element method, the global problem of site-city interaction is herein inve...

This paper deals with the numerical integration under a finite element method framework of a multi-mechanism cyclic anisotropic non-associated plasticity constitutive model applicable to the seismic behaviour assessment of embankment dams, made of fully or partially saturated soils: the Hujeux model (Aubry et al., 1982; Hujeux 1985). The poro-mecha...