Marc Jubeau

• Nantes Université

In fencing, it remains unclear whether practice enhances visual‐spatial attention allocation. We explored whether this ability is improved in fencers and if it is related to attack speed and accuracy. Twelve novices (<1 year of experience) and 12 trained epee fencers (18 ± 10 years of experience) visited the laboratory twice (familiarization and te...

The effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge ᵯC-motoneurons is decreased during passive muscle lengthening compared with static and shortening muscle conditions. Evidence suggests that these regulations are explained by (1) greater post-activation depression induced by homosynaptic post-activation depression (HPAD) and (2) primary affer...

It is widely accepted that post-activation depression by primary afferent depolarization (PAD) and recurrent inhibition (RI) mechanisms are specifically modulated during eccentric contractions. However, a notable gap remains regarding whether these modulatory processes can be influenced by variations in muscle length. The aim of this study was to e...

Post‐activation potentiation (PAP) is defined as an enhanced contractile response of a muscle following its own contractile activity and is influenced by the intensity and duration of the conditioning contraction. The aim of this study was to determine if the combination of intensity and duration, that is, torque–time integral (TTI) is a determinan...

The fatigue induced by fencing remains scarcely investigated. We aimed to investigate both objective (neuromuscular performance fatigability) and subjective (perceived fatigue, effort, and workload) manifestations of fatigue in elite fencers following a five‐bout simulated competition. Changes in countermovement jump height, knee extensors maximal...

Purpose This study aimed to determine whether mild to moderate muscle damage accumulates on the knee extensors after two bouts of maximal eccentric contractions performed over two consecutive days. Methods Thirty participants performed an initial bout of maximal eccentric contractions of knee extensors during the first day of the protocol (ECC1)....

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC), cold-water immersion (CWI) and passive recovery (PAS) on tennis recovery. Methods Thirteen competitive male tennis players completed three consecutive match-like tennis protocols, followed by recovery (WBC, CWI, PAS) in a crossover design. Five tennis drills and se...

Purpose This study aimed to determine whether the modulation of primary afferent depolarization (PAD) and homosynaptic post-activation depression (HPAD) are involved in the lower efficacy of Ia-afferent-α-motoneuron transmission commonly observed during lengthening compared to isometric and shortening conditions. Methods 15 healthy young individua...

PurposeThe present study compared isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions at the same torque-time integral for changes in neuromuscular fatigue and muscle damage parameters.Method Healthy men (18–24 years) were placed to either isometric (ISO), concentric (CONC), or eccentric (ECC) group (n = 11/group) that performed corresponding contract...

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a single session of prolonged tendon vibration combined with low submaximal isometric contraction on maximal motor performance. Thirty-two young sedentary adults were assigned into two groups that differed based on the knee angle tested: 90˚or 150˚(180˚= full knee extension). Participant...

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a single session of prolonged tendon vibration combined with low submaximal isometric contraction on maximal motor performance. Thirty-two young sedentary adults were assigned into two groups that differed based on the knee angle tested: 90° or 150° (180° = full knee extension). Particip...

New findings: What is the central question of this study? Is neuromuscular fatigability interrelated between different muscle groups from the same individual during isometric all-out exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Although the average decrease can vary between muscles, an individual demonstrates interrelated fatigability et...

Purpose: The force-generating capacities of human skeletal muscles are interrelated, highlighting a common construct of limb strength. This study aimed to further determine whether there is an intermuscular relationship in maximal voluntary activation capacities and contractile kinetics of human muscles. Methods: Twenty-six young healthy individ...

Objectives: Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions (MABI) in sport settings need further development and validation to fulfil the desired outcomes related to sport performance. The current study aimed to design and implement a MABI integrated into the badminton training of young elite players (MBI programme), and to investigate its impact...

New findings: What is the central question of this study? Do neural and/or mechanical factors determine the extent of muscle damage induced by eccentric contractions? What is the main finding and its importance? The extent of muscle damage induced by eccentric contractions is related to both mechanical strain and corticospinal excitability measure...

Purpose Reaction time, classically divided into premotor time and electromechanical delay (EMD), can be determinant in daily life or sport situations. While some previous studies reported a negative impact of both muscle and mental fatigue on reaction time, the respective contributions of premotor time and EMD to the changes of reaction time remain...

Purpose The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of muscle fatigue on badminton performance during a smash stroke. Methods Seventeen young well-trained players completed twenty forehand smash twice (pre and post fatigue protocol) and both speed and precision of the strokes were measured. The fatigue protocol consisted in ten s...

Plantar-flexor muscles are key muscles in the control of postural sway. Older fallers present lower maximal plantar-flexor performance than older non-fallers; however, the mechanisms underlying this motor impairment remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to determine whether muscular and neural factors are both involved in the lower maximal plan...

Purpose: To better understand neuromuscular characteristics of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage, this study compared between concentric (CONC) and eccentric (ECC) exercises of knee extensor muscles, and the first (ECC1) and second bouts of the eccentric exercise (ECC2) for central and peripheral parameters associated with neuromuscular fat...

Introduction This study aimed to determine the intra- and inter-session reliability of neuromuscular assessment of plantar flexor (PF) muscles at three knee angles. Methods Twelve young adults were tested for three knee angles (90°, 30° and 0°) and at three time points separated by 1 hour (intra-session) and 7 days (inter-session). Electrical (H r...

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of mental and muscle fatigue on table tennis performance. Mental fatigue (MF) was induced by completion of 90 minutes of the AX-CPT; muscle fatigue was induced by completion of an eccentric exercise performed with the elbow flexors (biceps fatigue, BF) or the knee extensors (quadriceps fatigue, QF). The co...

This study aimed to evaluate the within- and between-session reliability of force, velocity and power performances and to assess the force-velocity relationship during the deadlift high pull (DHP). Nine participants performed two identical sessions of DHP with loads ranging from 30 to 70% of body mass. The force was measured by a force plate under...

Oral presentation during the 17th Congress of the ”ACAPS” (Association des Chercheurs en Activités Physiques et Sportives - association of researchers in physical activity and sport) in November 2017 in Dijon, France.

This study aimed to compare the muscle activity of lower limbs across typical table tennis strokes. Fourteen high-level players participated in this study in which five typical strokes (backhand top, forehand top, forehand spin, forehand smash, flick) were analysed. Surface electromyography activity (EMG) of eight muscles was recorded (gluteus maxi...

New Findings What is the central question of this study? Does sensory input from peripheral mechanoreceptors determine the specific neural control of eccentric contractions? How corticospinal excitability (i.e. muscle responses to motor cortex stimulation) is affected by muscle length has never been investigated during eccentric contractions. What...

Reaction time (RT) is classically divided into premotor time (PMT) and electromechanical delay (EMD). However, the determination of the onset of electromyographic activity (EMG) during voluntary contraction remains questionable. In addition, the reliability of RT, PMT and EMD needs to be determined. Twelve participants performed two sessions of RT...

While the application of mindfulness in the sport domain and its enhancement has exploded in recent years, mindfulness-based intervention programs for elite performers need further development and validation with the scientific rigor, appropriate openness, and sport-specific relevance (Sappington & Longshore, 2015). This study aimed to design an in...

The decline in torque production of postural muscles during aging is considered as a key factor in the risk of falling. Recent works showed that the maximal torque of plantar flexor muscles (PF) was lower in older adults with recent fall history (OF) than in older non-fallers (ONF). The present study aimed to investigate the neural and mechanical f...

This study aimed to compare the effect of different types of pressure applied to the stimulation electrode on assessing the efficiency of Ia-α-motoneuron transmission of the soleus muscle and the associated discomfort using electrical nerve stimulation. Twelve healthy young adults participated in three experimental sessions (one for each knee angle...

Introduction: This study compared voluntary activation during isometric, concentric, and eccentric maximal knee extensions at different joint angles. Methods: Fifteen participants performed isometric, concentric, and eccentric protocols (9 contractions each). For each protocol, the central activation ratio (CAR) was randomly measured at 50°, 75°...

Purpose: Prolonged cycling exercise performance in normoxia is limited due to both peripheral and central neuromuscular impairments. It has been reported that cerebral perturbations are greater during short-duration exercise in hypoxia compared to normoxia. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that central deficits are accentuated...

Automation in industries reduced the human effort, but still there are many manual tasks in industries which lead to musculo-skeletal disorder (MSD). Muscle fatigue is one of the reasons leading to MSD. The objective of this article is to experimentally validate a new dynamic muscle fatigue model taking co-contraction factor into consideration usin...

Context: The prolonged tendon vibration may induce muscle fatigue, as assessed by a decrease in maximal force production. It remains however unknown whether the decrease in muscle strength after prolonged Achilles tendon vibration is related to the vibration frequency. Objective: This study aimed to assess the maximal capacity of plantar flexor...

Purpose: This study compared the effects of isoload (IL) and isokinetic (IK) knee extensor eccentric exercises on changes in muscle damage and neuromuscular parameters to test the hypothesis that the changes would be different after IL and IK exercises. Methods: Twenty-two young men were paired based on their strength and placed to IL (N = 11) o...

An inability to perceive changes in action capabilities may result in increased risk of injury and/or reduced performance. We investigated whether the perception of ability to perform a maximal single-leg hop was updated when the actual ability to perform the task was reduced due to experimentally altered force-generating capacity and associated pa...

This study tested the relationship between the magnitude of muscle damage and both central and peripheral modulations during and after eccentric contractions of plantar flexors. Eleven participants performed 10 sets of 30 maximal eccentric contractions of the plantar flexors at 45°·s⁻¹. Maximal voluntary torque, evoked torque (peripheral component)...

Background: This study aimed to determine the neuromuscular fatigue (central vs peripheral mechanisms) as well as the game characteristics and physical demand induced by a simulated table tennis competition. Methods: Fourteen national table tennis players participated in this study, in which neuromuscular tests (i.e., maximal voluntary contracti...

Muscle fatigue is one of the reasons leading to Musculo-Skeletal Disorder (MSD). Automation in industries reduced the human effort, but still there are many industries in which human have to do complex and repetitive tasks manually. The society/companies have to pay attention on this issue due to the new laws on penibility or repetitive tasks. The...

Aim: Defining the origins of muscle injury has important rehabilitation and exercise applications. However, current knowledge of muscle damage mechanics in human remains unclear in vivo. This study aimed to determine the relationships between muscle-tendon unit mechanics during maximal eccentric contractions and the extent of subsequent functional...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a simple, reliable and sensitive test to measure the stroke performance (ball speed and accuracy) in table tennis. Methods: Fifty-two players were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their level: expert (EG), advanced (AG) and inexperienced (IG). The test consisted in 45 forehand shots where pla...

Isometric contractions induced by neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) have been shown to result in a prolonged force decrease but the time course of the potential central and peripheral factors have never been investigated. This study examined the specific time course of central and peripheral factors after isometric NMES-induced muscle damage....

Purpose: This study compared the metabolic and activation changes induced by electrically evoked (neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)) and voluntary (VOL) contractions performed at the same submaximal intensity using P chemical shift imaging (CSI) and T2 mapping investigations. Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects were asked to perform both...

The present study assessed the isolated and synergetic effects of hypoxic exposure and prolonged exercise on cerebral volume and subedema and symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Twelve healthy males performed three semirandomized blinded 11-hour sessions with (1) an inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) of 12% and 4-hour cycling, (2) FiO2=21% a...

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the modulation and reliability of the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) H-reflexes in both passive and active conditions. Methods: Recruitment curves of VM and VL H-reflexes and M-waves at rest and during muscle contraction (30% of maximal voluntary contraction) were performed for 12 healthy mal...

Maximal central motor drive is known to decrease during prolonged exercise although it remains to be determined whether a supraspinal deficit exists, and if so, when it appears. The purpose of this study was to evaluate corticospinal excitability and muscle voluntary activation before, during and after a 4-h cycling exercise. Ten healthy subjects p...

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of selective fatigue (i.e. one muscle of the quadriceps) on load sharing strategies during submaximal knee extensions. Shear wave elastography was used to measure muscle shear elastic modulus as this is considered to be an index of individual muscle force. Sixteen participants attended 2 experiment...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of sustained hypoxic exposure on cerebral and muscle oxygenation and cardiorespiratory function at rest. Eleven healthy subjects inhaled a normobaric hypoxic (FiO2=0.12) or normoxic (FiO2=0.21) gas mixture for 4 h at rest, on two separated blinded sessions. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate va...

This study aimed to compare changes in skeletal muscle, prefrontal (PFC), and motor (MC) cortex hemodynamics during prolonged (i.e., 4-h) fatiguing whole-body exercise using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Ten subjects completed three successive 80-min cycling bouts at 45 % of their maximal power output. After the 4-h cycling, maxim...

Nemaline myopathy is the most common congenital skeletal muscle disease, and mutations in the nebulin gene account for 50% of all cases. Recent studies suggest that the disease severity might be related to the nebulin expression levels. Considering that mutations in the nebulin gene are typically recessive, one would expect that a single functional...

Performing exercise during the first hours of hypoxic exposure is thought to exacerbate acute mountain sickness (AMS), but whether this is due to increased hypoxemia or other mechanisms associated with exercise remains unclear. In 12 healthy males, AMS symptoms were assessed during three 11-h experimental sessions: i) in Hypoxia-exercise, inspirato...

Contradictory results regarding the effect of hypoxia on cortex excitability have been reported in healthy subjects, possibly depending on hypoxia exposure duration. We evaluated the effects of 1- and 3-h hypoxia on motor corticospinal excitability, intracortical inhibition, and cortical voluntary activation (VA) using transcranial magnetic stimula...

To test the hypothesis that hypoxia centrally affects performance independently of afferent feedback and peripheral fatigue, we conducted two experiments under complete vascular occlusion of the exercising muscle under different systemic O(2) environmental conditions. In experiment 1, 12 subjects performed repeated submaximal isometric contractions...

Reduction of aerobic exercise performance observed under hypoxic conditions is mainly attributed to altered muscle metabolism due to impaired O(2) delivery. It has been recently proposed that hypoxia-induced cerebral perturbations may also contribute to exercise performance limitation. A significant reduction in cerebral oxygenation during whole bo...

Electrical stimulation (ES) induces muscle damage that is characterised by histological alterations of muscle fibres and connective tissue, increases in circulating creatine kinase (CK) activity, decreases in muscle strength and development of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Muscle damage is induced not only by eccentric contractions with ES...

Introduction: In this study we investigated the influence of gender and obesity on electrical current thresholds in an attempt to optimize the application of skeletal muscle electrical stimulation (ES) in clinical practice. Methods: Thirty-two obese and 35 age-matched, non-obese men and women received graded ES to the quadriceps muscle for senso...

This study compared between maximal voluntary (VOL) and electrically stimulated (ES) isometric contractions of the elbow flexors for changes in indirect markers of muscle damage to investigate whether ES would induce greater muscle damage than VOL. Twelve non-resistance-trained men (23-39 years) performed VOL with one arm and ES with the contralate...

Maximal central motor drive is known to decrease during prolonged exercise although it remains to be determined whether a supraspinal deficit exists, and if so, when it appears. The purpose of this study was to evaluate corticospinal excitability and muscle voluntary activation before, during and after a 4-h cycling exercise. Ten healthy subjects p...

This study compared between alternating and pulsed current electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) for muscle oxygenation and blood volume during isometric contractions. Nine healthy men (23-48 years) received alternating current EMS (2500 Hz) modulated at 75 Hz on the knee extensors of one leg, and pulsed current EMS (75 Hz) for the other leg separate...

This study compared alternating current and pulsed current electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) for torque output, skin temperature (Tsk), blood lactate and hormonal responses, and skeletal muscle damage markers. Twelve healthy men (23-48 yr) received alternating current EMS (2.5 kHz delivered at 75 Hz, 400 μs) for the knee extensors of one leg and...

The purpose of this study was to compare between electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and maximal voluntary (VOL) isometric contractions of the elbow flexors for changes in biceps brachii muscle oxygenation (tissue oxygenation index, TOI) and haemodynamics (total haemoglobin volume, tHb = oxygenated-Hb + deoxygenated-Hb) determined by near-infrared...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the neural and muscular changes associated with electrical stimulation (ES) training and subsequent detraining. Twenty healthy active men were randomized to receive (intervention group) or not (control group) 4 weeks of ES strength training followed by 4 weeks of detraining. Quadriceps ES training sessio...

This study compared the first and second exercise bouts consisting of electrically evoked isometric contractions for muscle damage profile. Nine healthy men (31 +/- 4 years) had two electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) bouts separated by 2 weeks. The knee extensors of one leg were stimulated by biphasic rectangular pulses (75 Hz, 400 mus, on-off rat...

This study compared voluntary (VOL) and electrically evoked isometric contractions by muscle stimulation (EMS) for changes in biceps brachii muscle oxygenation (tissue oxygenation index, DeltaTOI) and total haemoglobin concentration (DeltatHb = oxygenated haemoglobin + deoxygenated haemoglobin) determined by near-infrared spectroscopy. Twelve men p...

This study compared the extent of twitch and M-wave potentiation (POT) between voluntary and stimulated quadriceps contractions performed at the same intensity. Sixteen healthy men completed 10-s isometric knee extensions at 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction torque under electrical stimulation and voluntary conditions. Single stimuli were de...

The purpose of this preliminary study was to show the feasibility of electrostimulation (ES) strength exercise incorporated into tennis sessions during the preparatory season of competitive players, and its impact on anaerobic performance. Twelve tennis players (5 men, 7 women) completed 9 sessions of quadriceps ES (duration: 16 minutes; frequency:...

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare quadriceps muscle strength and fatigue between severely obese (body mass index 34 kg/m2) and nonobese adolescents. Maximal isokinetic torque and angle of peak torque as well as isometric torque at short (40 degrees of knee flexion) and long (80 degrees of knee flexion) muscle length were meas...

Surface electrical stimulation (ES) of skeletal muscle is used in a variety of clinical settings in healthy and unhealthy subjects of both sexes. Although women generally present larger amounts of subcutaneous adipose tissue than men, which could limit current flow to the stimulated muscle, sex-related differences in ES current levels have not been...

It is well established that repeated GHRH administration or repeated voluntary exercise bouts are associated with a complete blunting of GH responsiveness when the administration of the second stimulus follows the first one after a 2-h interval. To evaluate GH responses to neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in healthy adults. Six volunteer...

This study aimed to compare voluntary and stimulated exercise for changes in muscle strength, growth hormone (GH), blood lactate, and markers of muscle damage. Nine healthy men had two leg press exercise bouts separated by 2 wk. In the first bout, the quadriceps muscles were stimulated by biphasic rectangular pulses (75 Hz, duration 400 mus, on-off...

Whether the involvement of motor units is different between surface neuromuscular electrostimulation and voluntary activation remains an unresolved issue. The aim of this pilot study was to verify if motor unit activation during electrostimulation is nonselective/random (i.e., without obvious sequencing related to fibre type), as recently suggested...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training and subsequent detraining on neuromuscular fatigue mechanisms. Ten young healthy men completed one NMES fatigue protocol before and after a NMES training program of 4 weeks and again after 4 weeks of detraining. Muscle fatigue (maximal voluntar...

The present study aimed to compare quadriceps femoris muscle strength and fatigue between obese (grade II and III) and nonobese adults. Ten obese (mean age: 25 years; mean BMI: 41 kg/m(2)) and ten lean (mean age: 27 years; mean BMI: 23 kg/m(2)) men were tested. Quadriceps muscle fatigue was quantified as the (percent) torque loss during a voluntary...

The present study aimed to examine early and late neural adaptations to short-term electrostimulation training of the plantar flexor muscles. Changes in triceps surae muscle activation (twitch interpolation), maximal electromyographic (EMG) activity, H-reflex amplitudes and antagonist coactivation were investigated after electrostimulation training...

We examined the effect of 4 (WK4) and 8 wk (WK8) of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training on both endurance time and mechanisms contributing to task failure. Ten males performed a fatiguing isometric contraction with the knee extensor muscles at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until exhaustion before (B), at WK4, and at WK...

In order to verify the effects of the sporting season (entailing periods of training, competition, recovery, resting) on GH-dependent parameters in male and female athletes from different sporting disciplines, 47 male and female athletes (3 rowers, 5 swimmers, 7 alpine skiers, 3 soccer players, 7 middle distance runners, 14 sprinters, 4 triathletes...

A combination of in vivo and in vitro analyses was performed to investigate muscular and neural adaptations of the weaker (nondominant) quadriceps femoris muscle of one healthy individual to short-term electrostimulation resistance training. The increase in maximal voluntary strength (+12%) was accompanied by neural (cross-education effect and incr...

The main purpose of this study was to characterise neuromuscular fatigue induced by 30 contractions of the knee extensor muscles evoked by electromyostimulation (EMS). Twelve healthy subjects were tested before and after a typical EMS session (frequency: 75 Hz, on-off ratio: 6.25 s on-20 s off) used for quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening. Surf...

To investigate central and peripheral fatigue induced by a typical session of electromyostimulation (EMS) of the triceps surae muscle. A series of neuromuscular tests including voluntary and electrically evoked contractions were performed before and immediately after 13 min of EMS (75 Hz) in 10 healthy individuals. Maximal voluntary contraction tor...