Mao-Jiun J Wang

Tunghai University

This study explores the effect of using different visual information overlays and guiding arrows on a machine operation task with an optical see-through head-mounted display (OST-HMD). Thirty-four participants were recruited in the experiment. The independent variables included visual information mode (text, animation, and mixed text and animation)...

This study aimed to determine work-rest schedules for visual tasks of different lengths by evaluating visual fatigue and visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) using an optical head-mounted display (OHMD). Thirty participants were recruited to perform 15 and 30 min visual tasks using an OHMD. After completing each visual task, participants execute...

Insoles are typically worn to increase comfort in performing daily activities. Many studies have investigated the effects of insoles with different properties. This study performed an ergonomic evaluation of three insole types, with a focus on assessing the effectiveness of an insole padding system (IPS). The objectives of this study were (1) to pe...

This article presents an augmented reality‐based instruction (ARBI) system for maintenance tasks. A traditional manual instruction method and a computer‐assisted instruction method were compared. Three maintenance instruction methods, three task difficulty levels (low, medium, and high), and the user's gender (male and female) were specified as the...

A pair of commercially available smart glasses, Epson BT-200, was evaluated with different information display modes for assisting machine operators. Two information display modes were selected, displaying animated images only, and displaying animated images with text illustrations. Direction prompts were added in the system. Whether the prompts ar...

This study aimed to identify the customers’ requirements for a hand rehabilitation exoskeleton device using the Kansei Engineering approach and propose improvements. The Kansei Engineering approach was used to extract the design attributes for a hand rehabilitation exoskeleton device by conducting an in-depth interview with 3 physical therapists. T...

The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of the foot morphology of recreational marathon runners. We compared the foot dimensions data of recreational marathon runners with the data of non-habitual exercisers. The results indicated that the recreational marathon runners had significantly shorter feet and shorter fibulare instep. The...

Military helmets are designed specifically to protect soldiers’ heads during combat. Poor helmet fit has been reported to decrease the helmet’s comfort and the ability to provide safety protection. To increase the safety and comfort of soldiers wearing military helmets, the head size and pad design should be considered. Thus, the aim of this study...

Placing a topper on a sleeping system is common practice to enhance sleeping comfort. The aim of this study was to determine the thickness and hardness effect of a mattress topper by measuring the four physiological measurements from 40 healthy males. The results showed that the use of a thin mattress topper (30 mm) significantly induced lower body...

This paper evaluates the physiological and psychophysical response of mothers carrying their own baby using three different front baby carriers. Eleven mothers (aged 28–37 years) with their own baby (weight: 9.18 ± 2.1 kg) participated in this study. Maximum right shoulder pressure was measured before walking. The electromyography (EMG) and skin te...

This study aimed to determine suitable rest times for visual tasks of different lengths by evaluating visual fatigue and visually induced motion sickness while 20 healthy participants were using an optical head-mounted display. The independent variables tested were participant gender, visual task condition (30 min and 60 min), and length of rest ti...

Straighteners are commonly used in the field of plate straightening. With the shortage of industrial land, an increasing number of straightener manufacturers integrate uncoilers, straighteners, and feeders, which represent a three‐in‐one machine tool. The tool's functions are complex; many factors affect its reliability and performance, including t...

This study aimed to establish a head anthropometric database for the Taiwanese population and to compare two clustering analysis results for separating head-shape clusters as well as generating sizing systems. Two-stage clustering and two-level self-organizing map (SOM) methods were both applied. The PCA results indicated four components that can e...

The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of Chinese character size, number of characters per line, and number of menu items on visual search task performance on a tablet computer for different age group users. Forty-two participants participated the visual search experiment. Gender, age group (younger, middle-aged, and older), Chinese...

This study aims at comparing a Google Glass-based instructional application with a printed manual in mobile phone disassembly tasks. Thirty participants (15 males and 15 females) were recruited to perform tasks via three types of instructional methods (Google Glass-based augmented reality, Google Glass-based video, and a printed manual). The object...

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the maximum acceptable weight of carrying (MAWC) while carrying baby with two different designs of baby carriers. Ten males and ten females with average age of 24 years old participated in the experiment. Each subject completed four treatment combinations (2 carrying types (front and back) and 2 carrying...

In this study, the 3D foot scanning data of 787 male participants were used to compare the foot shape of the recreational sprinters (n = 41) and non-habitual exercises (n = 746). Fourteen foot dimensions together with two foot type indicators were included in the comparison. The heel breadths of both feet of the recreational sprinters were signific...

This study explores the factors affecting reading time, error rate, visual fatigue, and mental workload of subjects using a monocular optical head-mounted display (OHMD). Forty healthy participants were involved in this study using four factors: gender, reading conditions (walking and sitting), font sizes (12-, 16-, 20-, 24-, 28-, and 32-point), an...

With the increasing usage of composite materials in the aerospace industry, the maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) of aircraft has become a major challenge. MRO operations for composite aircraft are complex because there are a variety of types of damage that can happen to the composite materials, and there are numerous corresponding inspection...

We propose a novel exoskeleton for grasping hand rehabilitation based on anthropometry. The proposed design has one degree of freedom (DOF) for each finger, yielding coordinated movement across the distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints for each finger. The dimension of each segment is det...

The baby sling is a traditional baby carrier in Asia and the front-worn harness carriers are adapted in modern society. We compared the baby sling with front-worn harness carrier in terms of the physiological responses of the baby caregiver. Ten females (aged 23–32 years) and 10 males (aged 23–35 years) were recruited to participate in this study....

Online shopping has changed customers’ purchasing behaviors due to the rapid development of Internet technology. According to the investigation of National Development Council in Taiwan, the number of people using online shopping has increased. Recently, augmented reality has also been introduced to online shopping websites. In this study, a well-k...

This study evaluates the effect of presentation media (PC tablet versus pencil and paper) on the performance, level of visual fatigue, and subjective preference of those taking visuospatial tests. Fifty university students participated and performed three visuospatial short-term memory tests and three visuospatial ability tests by using both types...

The thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry is one of the major industries in Taiwan, yet few studies addressed its work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Thus, this study aims to evaluate the risk of WMSDs among the operators of a TFT-LCD manufacturing company in Taiwan by using the subjective questionnaire and ergo...

-This study identified several physiological indices that can accurately monitor mental workload while participants performed multiple tasks with the strategy of maintaining stable performance and maximizing accuracy. Thirty male participants completed three 10-min. simulated multitasks: MATB (Multi-Attribute Task Battery) with three workload level...

Background: Workplace noise exposure gains growing attention in high tech industry. Objective: This study investigated the noise effect on physiological and subjective responses in semiconductor manufacturing clean room environment. Methods: Twenty subjects including 10 males and 10 females completed all phases of the experiment. Each subject...

This study compares foot shape and foot dimensions between Taiwanese and Japanese females. One hundred Taiwanese and 100 Japanese female 3D foot scanning data were used for comparison. To avoid the allometry effect, data from 23 Taiwanese and 19 Japanese with foot length between 233 to 237 mm were used for shape comparison. Homologous models create...

This study proposes an innovative clothing fit evaluation method for virtual try- on using 3D digital human model. The clothing patterns are first designed and subsequently sewn together around a human model. Because complex cloth shapes are difficult to fit onto the human body, this study proposes a 3D human model dressed using virtual clothes acc...

We sought to investigate the effect of wearing shoes on joint range of motion, ground reaction force (GRF), and muscle activity (electromyography) in children with flat and normal feet during walking. Nine children with flat feet and 12 children with normal feet aged 5 to 11 years were recruited. Each child was instructed to walk on a walkway in th...

This paper proposes a virtual body measurement system by using a Kinect depth camera to extract human body features represented on the 3D body shape. The captured point clouds data are analyzed to extract feature curves and girth measurements of human body shape without pre-marking. The data are processed and aligned to obtain a smooth surface for...

Unlabelled: This study classifies the foot shapes of Taiwanese using 3D foot scanning data from 2000 males and 1000 females. Nine foot dimensions relative to foot length and absolute measures in the common foot length categories were applied to compare the gender differences. Using foot breadth in % foot length (% FL), ball of foot length in % FL...

Background: Foot dimension information on different user groups is important for footwear design and clinical applications. Foot dimension data collected using different measurement methods presents accuracy problems. This study compared the precision and accuracy of the 3D foot scanning method with conventional foot dimension measurement methods i...

This study aims to investigate the influence of double‐layer clothing in a semiconductor manufacturing clean‐room environment. Twenty subjects including ten males and ten females participated in this study. Each subject completed four treatment combinations with four different inner pieces of clothing (i.e., 100% cotton, 70% cotton + 30% polyester,...

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) station is one of the major quality control tasks in wafer manufacturing process. During the process of examining defects on a screen for a certain period of time, SEM inspectors frequently complain about visual fatigue problems. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of wafer-coating condition (nonco...

ABSTRACT The function of cleanroom clothing is to protect the product from contamination by people, and to dissipate electrostatic discharge. People in the cleanroom work environment often complain about the discomforts associated with the wearing of cleanroom clothing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of air permeability and...

With the advancement of ICT technologies, touch-screen interface mobile devices become a standard feature. This study aims to evaluate the Popover interface design under different age groups. The UI elements being considered for evaluation include location, window length and font size of the popover in three visual search tasks. The results show th...

Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used in cognitive and behavioral research. This study evaluates the effectiveness of using the EEG power index to measure visual fatigue. Three common visual fatigue measures, critical-flicker fusion (CFF), near-point accommodation (NPA), and subjective eye-fatigue rating, were used for comparison. The study p...

This study aims to use 936 females' 3D foot anthropometric data to cluster foot shapes and to develop a new sizing system. Twelve-foot dimensions including foot length, ball of foot length, outside ball of foot length, foot breadth, heel breadth, ball circumference, instep circumference, toe height, arch height, instep height, toe 1 angle and toe 5...

The growing complexity in product design and manufacturing processes has made virtual prototyping an important new approach that enhances products and process development. Considering the ergonomic issues evident in product lifecycles, digital human modelling (DHM) is adopted for virtual simulation and proactive evaluation. A motion generation from...

3D foot anthropometric data was collected and classified into several foot shapes. A 3D foot anthropometric database which contains 1835 male right foot scanning images was used. The subjects aged from 18 to 60 years old. A 3D foot scanner was used to collect 12 foot dimensions including foot length, ball of foot length, outside ball of foot length...

This paper describes a body feature extraction method from depth camera. The camera is used to collect point cloud data representing the human body shape. The edge point data along the human body contour are first identified in the coordinate system for feature extraction. The adjacent points on the contour curve are subsequently used to describe t...

Constructing 3D human model from 2D images provides a cost-effective approach to visualize digital human in virtual environment. This paper presents a systematic approach for constructing 3D human model using the front and side images of a person. The silhouettes of human body are first detected and the feature points on the silhouettes are subsequ...

Psychosocial factors, individual factors, workplace requirements, and workplace organizational factors have all been reported as being associated with the risk of musculoskeletal disorders [11]. Huang, Feuerstein, and Sauter [5] described the various concepts and models proposed to link occupational stress and work-related upper extremity disorders...

This study compared a newly-designed insole with two commercially available insoles. The response measures included joint motion, plantar pressure and rating of perceived exertion. Thirty healthy female students were paid to participate in this study. The results showed that significant differences among the three insoles were found in plantar pres...

Unlabelled: This study investigates gender and walking speed (80%, 100%, 120% and 140% of preferred walking speed (PWS)) effects on plantar pressure parameters. In total, 30 healthy males and females, aged between 20 to 60 years, participated in this study. A plantar pressure measurement device was used to measure the peak pressure, peak force and...

This study evaluates the effects of display medium (tablet PC, paper-pencil), academic major (design, technology major) and gender on visuospatial ability tests, visuospatial short-term memory test, visual fatigue, subjective preference and mental workload. Sixty university students participated in the study. The results indicate that the display m...

Extracting human body features automatically from 2D images provides a fast and easy approach to collect anthropometric data. This paper presents a systematic method to detect feature points on the silhouette of human body from the front and side images. With an efficient shape coding algorithm, the human body contour of the binary images can be re...

A Computer-aided Production System for Mass Customization in Fashion In order to meet the demands of the market, a computer-aided production system for mass customization in fashion is proposed. The system enables the automation of dimension collection, pattern generation and fabric cutting. By integrating the system with the processes of garment s...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference of four methods for collecting foot dimensions. One hundred and thirty healthy male and female students were recruited. The 7 measured foot dimensions were foot length, ball of foot length, outside ball of foot length, foot breadth diagonal, foot breadth horizontal, heel breadth and arch length....

Constructing 3D human model from 2D images provides a cost-effective approach to visualize digital human in virtual environment. This paper presents a systematic approach for constructing 3D human model using the front and side images of a person. The silhouettes of human body are first detected and the feature points on the silhouettes are subsequ...

The use of 3-D whole body scanners has opened new opportunities for effective anthropometric data collection and its numerous applications. Meanwhile, there is a growing concern about whether the scan-derived measurements are comparable with the manual measurements. In this paper, an experiment was first conducted with 263 human subjects to evaluat...

The strategy for approaching a manual work position is an important reference for describing a goal-directed task. However, knowledge on this aspect of human behavior is scarce. The objectives of this study are twofold: (1) to describe and understand the strategy people tend to adopt for approaching a manual work position from different directions...

This study presents the development of an intelligent system for customized clothing making. The system involves body dimension collection, clothing pattern generation and fabric cutting. First, body dimensions can be collected by analyzing the 3D scanning images or 2D photographs. Further, the clothing patterns can be generated by using computer-a...

a b s t r a c t This study investigates the effect of arm reaching and holding related factors on subjective discomfort rating. Fifteen males and fifteen females participated in the experiment. Independent variables include shoulder flexion (60 , 90 and 120), reaching frequency (2 motions/min and 4 motions/min), holding weight (0.86 kg and 1.12 kg)...

This study aims to investigate the effects of age, gender and walking speed on the gait performance during walking at a range of percentage of preferred walking speed (PPWS). The subjects were aged from 20 to 60 years and both genders were equally represented. A nested-factorial analysis of variance was employed. The independent variables include w...

A manual guided vehicle (MGV) is used to handle heavy materials in thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) manufacturing clean rooms. This study focuses on evaluating the force exertions and muscle activities in MGV operations. The independent variables include gender, force direction, handle height, load handled and wheel diameter of...

Among various three-dimensional (3D) scanning anthropometric surveys, the inconsistent arm postures for scanning may lead to incompatible measurement results. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of arm posture on the scan-derived measurements. The two arm postures in concern are the one with palms facing inward and the one with pal...

Joint range of motion (ROM) data are very important references in job and workplace design as well as in clinical diagnosis. Many factors have been reported to have influence on joint ROM. This study aims to establish a database of joint ROM for worker population in Taiwan and to evaluate the effect of age and gender on joint ROM. Total 1134 worker...

Using digital human model (DHM) in the early phase of design is becoming an important practice nowadays. Thus, how to simulate the realistic human motion and facilitate the motion generation process is always the main concern. This research focuses on generating motions through operational semantics. The Method Time Measurement (MTM) system is used...

The prevalence of flatfeet in normal and obese children has not been studied well in the past. The prevalence of flatfoot and foot dimensions of school children in Taiwan were investigated in this study. One thousand twenty-four school children (549 boys and 475 girls) aged 5 to 13 years participated in this study. Fifteen foot dimensions were meas...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the usability of electronic books (E-books). An experiment was designed to compare the differences between reading an E-book and a conventional book (C-book) with objective measures. Twenty junior college students, ages sixteen to eighteen, participated in the study. Response measures included reading perf...

This paper presents a systematic method to detect feature points on the silhouette of human body from front and side images. Based on the correspondence between the coordinates and the eight numbering system of chain codes, the codes that depicted at 90 degree angle were taken as corner points. The system then connects the other associated points h...

This study presents the development of an intelligent system for customized clothing making. The system involves body dimension collection, clothing pattern generation and fabric cutting. First, body dimensions can be collected by analyzing the 3D scanning images or 2D photographs. Further, the clothing patterns can be generated by using computer-a...

The development of three-dimensional (3D) whole body scanner opens opportunities for measuring human body more efficiently. While taking measurements from 3D scanning data, markers are usually placed on human body to facilitate landmarking and data collection. But the procedure of placing markers is very tedious and may involve human errors. The ob...

In the field of garment manufacturing, the planning and control of production and inventory are rather complicated procedures. This is the reason that establishing standard sizing systems is necessary and important for garment manufacturers in Taiwan. As the standard sizing systems need anthropometric data for reference, an anthropometric database...

This study investigated the work ability and its relationship with quality of life for the clinical nurses in Taiwan. The survey was of 1534 nursing professionals from 8 different hospitals. Work ability of nursing professionals varied by age, work experience, working departments and hospital types. Work ability of nurses increased with age until a...

This study proposes an interactive virtual evaluation (IVE) method for interface deign. By introducing the VR technology into a digital human model (DHM) system, the virtual prototype of a system interface can be created and tested in the digital world. Through the interactive mechanisms built in the VR software, the target users can therefore imme...

This study proposes a method of conducting workplace evaluations in the digital environment for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. For visual presentation, we apply a digital human modeling system to the workplace virtual dynamic simulation. Then, we use captured workplace motion data for ergonomics evaluation, including biom...

This study aims to develop sizing systems for Taiwanese elementary- and high-school students. A total of 7800 students’ anthropometric data covering their ages from 6 to 18 years for both genders were used in this study. A two-stage cluster analysis was performed for the classification of figure types. The size charts were developed based on the mo...

Many companies make considerable efforts in implementing supply chain management (SCM) systems to increase their competitiveness. However, how to select an adequate SCM project remains a major concern. This study presents a comprehensive framework with three main phases to select an adequate SCM project that incorporates the strategies and operatin...

Data mining has been successfully applied in many fields. However, little research has been done in the area of developing female size charts for consumer garment design. Focusing on the anthropometric data of adult females in Taiwan, the goal of this study was to develop garment-size charts, using a cluster-based data mining approach. Certain adva...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of boot sole properties on reducing fatigue, to evaluate the effects of load carrying and walking (over a 1 h period) on biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical responses, and to investigate the correlations between the measurements. The results indicated that elasticity and shock a...

Epidemiological investigations indicate that nursing professionals experience a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) than most other occupational groups. Most nursing activities require standing and walking for prolonged periods. Such job requirements may contribute to MSD problems in the lower extremities. Thus, wearing comfortabl...

This study aims to investigate the effect of speed and gender on subjective perceived exertion, muscle activity, joint motion of lower extremity, vertical ground reaction force and heart rate during barefoot walking. Thirty healthy young adults, 15 females and 15 males, participated in this study. The Borg CR-10 scale was applied to evaluate the pe...

This paper presents the development of an automated anthropometric data-collection system for digital human models obtained from a three-dimensional whole-body scanner. Thirty-seven landmarks were specified for feature recognition and data collection. Both color information and geometric relations were used to develop the algorithms for identifying...

In the field of garment manufacturing, the planning and control of production and inventory are very difficult. Thus, establishing standard sizing systems are necessary and important for manufacturers. Because standard sizing systems need anthropometric data for reference, so we first construct a large anthropometric database. Data mining has been...

This study evaluated screwdrivers with different handle designs and blade lengths. 10 men and 10 women voluntarily participated. A repeated-measures experiment design was employed. The three independent factors were sex of user, handle (four types), and blade length (130, 170, and 210 mm). The dependent measures were the maximum supination torque u...

The accuracy is important for a 3D whole body scanning system. In order to analyze the measurement error, a set of dimension-certified measurement equipment whose true dimensions were certified was introduced. The calibration models of height, breadth and depth measurement between measured values and true dimensions were established respectively an...

This paper aims to examine whether the effect of a lifting belt on the maximum lifting capability of one-lift (MLC-1) depends on gender at different orientations (0° and right 45°) and shifts (Floor to 75cm (F-75) and 75cm-125cm (75–125)). Ten male and ten female subjects participated in this study, and a balanced factorial design was employed. The...

While data mining has been widely used in many fields, little research has been done on its applications to sizing systems for the manufacturing of garments. The goal of this study was to establish systems for using a decision tree technique to determine the pants sizes of army soldiers. We first defined the subject and constructed a large anthropo...

An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a critical investment that can significantly affect future competitiveness and performance of a company. This study presents a comprehensive framework for selecting a suitable ERP system. The framework can systematically construct the objectives of ERP selection to support the business goals and strat...

Among textile manufacturing industries, garment manufacturing produces products with the highest added value. Because certain standards and specifications must be followed in large-scale production, each country must have its own standard-sizing systems for manufacturers to follow. Data mining is used in many fields but there is a lack of research...

The semiconductor industry is moving from the production of 200 mm wafers to 300 mm wafers. With the increase in wafer size, the workload of wafer handling tasks is also increasing. This study evaluated the operator's handling capability, and the risk of having musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) for handling 300 mm wafers. Twenty-four female operator...

After develop inspection (ADI) and after etching inspection (AEI) are the main inspection tasks in the wafer manufacturing fab. Because of the detailed and tiny circuit patterns, ADI and AEI are carried out with the aid of a microscope. ADI and AEI inspectors frequently complain about visual fatigue problems. In this study, we focused on evaluating...

This study presents comparisons of ethnic difference in anthropometric characteristics among four peoples, i.e., Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese, in East Asia. Anthropometric data from the four East Asian countries were compared. The means of 33 body dimensions and 31 bodily proportions are presented. Also, 15 segmental proportions are ill...

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for combining objective data obtained from external professional reports and subjective data obtained from internal interviews with vendors to select a suitable Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) project. A hierarchical attribute structure is proposed to evaluate ERP projects systematically. In addition...

Semiconductor manufacturing industry is moving into the production of 300-mm wafers. To solve the increased workload problem in manual wafer handling, some personal guided vehicles (PGVs) have been developed to help in the transfer of front opening unified pods (FOUP). This study compares two kinds of PGVs with a traditional cart and evaluates the...

The associations among several alleged psychosocial and physical/ergonomics risk factors and the visual and musculoskeletal discomforts were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 119 video display terminal (VDT) users in a semiconductor manufacturing company. Cases of discomfort were identified using self-reported discomfort symptoms through quest...