Manzoor Ahmad Mir

University of Kashmir · Department of Bioresources

Background Breast cancer (BC), the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths, remains a significant threat to the health and wellness of women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising cellular components, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, endothelial cells and adipocytes, and noncellular components s...

Ethnopharmacological relevance Microorganisms are developing resistance to synthetic drugs. As a result, the search for novel antimicrobial compounds has become an urgent need. Medicinal plants are commonly used as traditional medicine and Delphinium is one of the prominent genera used in the treatment of several diseases. Aim of the study The pre...

Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer and one of the primary causes of resistance to therapies. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which accounts for 15% to 20% of all breast cancers and is the most aggressive subtype, is very diverse, connected to metastatic potential and response to therapy. It is a very diverse disease at the molecular,...

Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (Liliaceae), a valuable and critically endangered medicinal herb of northwest India, including Jammu and Kashmir, grows in temperate to alpine regions of the Himalaya. It is known as the traditional herb for cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and metabolic disorders. The plant bulbs are precious and are used...

Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent to treat several malignancies, including aggressive tumors like triple-negative breast cancer. It has a limited therapeutic index owing to its extreme toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance. As a result, there is a pressing need to find innovative drugs that enhance the effectiveness of d...

Delphinium roylei Munz is an indigenous medicinal plant to India where its activity against cancer has not been previously investigated, and its specific interactions of bioactive compounds with vulnerable breast cancer drug targets remain largely unknown. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-breast cancer activity of diff...

Antibiotic resistance development and pathogen cross-dissemination are both considered important risks to human health. Antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRs) are acquired, expressed, disseminated, and traded mostly by integrons, the key players capable of transferring genes from bacterial chromosomes to plasmids and their integration by integrase t...

Interleukin 19 (IL-19) is a cytokine produced by monocytes and belongs to the family of IL-10. The IL-19 protein stimulates fibronectin (FN) expression and assembly, metastasis, and cell division in breast cancer (BC) cells. IL-19, which is connected to breast pathogenesis and has an autocrine action in BC cells, is a key predictor of prognosis for...

Breast cancer represents the leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. Since the complexity of breast cancer as a disease resides in its heterogeneity as it consists of several subtypes such as hormone receptor-positive subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2- overexpressed, basal-like and hormone receptor-negative subtype: TNBC. Among all the...

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Despite the recent treatment options like surgery, chemotherapy etc. the lethality of breast cancer is alarming. Natural compounds are considered a better treatment option against breast carcinoma because of their lower side effects and specificity in targeting important proteins in...

The most recurrent type of cancer among women is breast cancer which is an intricate disease with high intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity. Such variability is a key factor in the failure of current treatments and the emergence of resistance. It is crucial to develop novel therapeutic options to enhance the prognosis for breast cancer patie...

Crystal engineering is one green alternative to organic synthesis that can be used to manipulate molecular behavior promptly and economically. We report the preparation and characterization of the pharmaceutical organic salt (FLC-C) of fluconazole (FLC) and organosulfonate (NDSA-2H), based on the sulfonate-pyridinium supramolecular synthon. Structu...

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects the health of many women around the world. Apart from fundamental metabolic problems connected to PCOS, focus of our study is on the role of quercetin on genes relevant to steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis. Methods: Eighteen mature parkes strain mice (4-5 weeks old) weighing 18-21 g were ran...

Nations' ongoing struggles with a number of novel and reemerging infectious diseases, including the ongoing global health issue, the SARS-Co-V2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) outbreak, serve as proof that infectious diseases constitute a serious threat to the global public health. Moreover, the fatality rate in humans is rising a...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an intricate and multifaceted metabolic-endocrine disorder that typically affects 6–20% of women of reproductive age and accounts for 70–80% of all occurrences of infertility globally. In this study we focussed on the effect of diacerein (DIC) on steroidogenesis and follicle development in addition to the basic met...

The immune system plays a vital role in suppressing tumor cell progression. The tumor microenvironment augmented with significant levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been widely investigated and it is suggested that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have shown a significant role in the prognosis of cancer patients. Compared to ordinary non-in...

The concerning rise in emergence and prevalence of resistant strains to drugs of M. tuberculosis has ,the prompted researchers to look for new and effective treatments. With this motive, biscoumarins were identified as the lead molecules on a whole-cell-based screening of several less explored low molecular weight bioactive compounds against M. tub...

The most recurrent type of cancer among women is breast cancer which is an intricate disease with high intratumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity. Such variability is a key factor in the failure of current treatments and the emergence of resistance. It is crucial to develop novel therapeutic options to enhance the prognosis for breast cancer patie...

Abstract: Around the world, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic condition that typically affects 6–20% of females. Our study’s major goal was to examine how chlorogenic acid (CGA) affected mice with endocrine and metabolic problems brought on by letrozole- induced PCOS. Group I served as the control for 81 days; Group...

Abstract Purpose Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has an impact on numerous women's health issues worldwide. Since the specific aetiology is unknown, the diagnostic criteria are currently insufficient, which contributes to the under diagnosis and under treatment of PCOS in many women. Basic procedure Eighteen mature Parkes strain mice (4–5 weeks...

The extremely complicated chain of associations among cytokines, proteins, enzymes, and cell cycle signaling pathways orchestrates cell cycle control, which is necessary for cell division, repairing, and development. From a single-celled zygote (fertilized egg), succession of cell divisions creates all multicellular creatures with sexual cycles. As...

Breast malignancy is one of the most frequently diagnosed carcinoma in women globally, and it is also the common reason for tumor-associated fatality in females. It has been broadly accepted that the Tumor surrounding (TME) has a major effect on the aggressive deportment of malignant solid tumors. BC often begins as ductal hyperproliferation and im...

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is an anomalous condition in which cell growth bypasses all the normal restraints on cell division and displays inappropriate cell proliferation. So, rather than responding normally to the cues that regulate the cell behaviour cancer cells grow in an uncontrolled manner invading neighbou...

Breast cancer is a familiar malignancy and the major reason for cancer mortality among females worldwide. Research on breast carcinoma has led to extremely good advances in our perception of the illness, follow-on in pretty effective, and fewer unsafe treatments. Nowadays, several ways can be helpful in the treatment of breast tumors, including rad...

Cancer, a condition characterized by abnormal cell growth, is closely linked to the cell cycle. In reaction to mitogenic cues, all malignancies comprise an aberrant buildup of tumor tissues that are promoted toward uncontrollable cell multiplication and growth. Genetic or epigenetic alterations in cell cycle-regulating genes as well as other genes...

One of the deadly diseases in terms of incidence and mortality among females is breast cancer (BC), it is escalating at an alarming rate having 685,000,000 deaths and 2,300,000 cases globally by the end of 2020. These figures represent how this disease is progressing at an alarming rate. There are many causes of breast cancer that can lead to uncon...

Breast cancer (BC) is a worldwide threat to women and it is increasing day by day. There are various types of breast cancers like ER+, HER2+/−, luminal A, luminal B, TNBC. Cancer usually proceeds via abnormalities in the cell cycle. Cell cycle, a dynamic process comprising various protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases, catalyzing numerous...

This book highlights the interrelation between cell cycle regulators and breast cancer phenotypes. It reviews the roles of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK) in driving cell cycle progression, cell cycle checkpoints and dysregulation in breast cancer. It also examines the prognostic significance of CDKs in breast cancer. and CDK inhibitors for the trea...

CDKs require modulatory subunits to bind them, known as cyclins, to exert their effects. The latter are formed and destroyed at various cell cycle stages in a specific and timely manner, thus regulating the cell cycle properly. Specific complexes of CDK-cyclins are deregulated frequently by mutations associated with tumors, and either unscheduled c...

CDKs require modulatory subunits to bind them, known as cyclins, to exert their effects. The latter are formed and destroyed at various cell cycle stages in a specific and timely manner, thus regulating the cell cycle properly. Specific complexes of CDK-cyclins are deregulated frequently by mutations associated with tumors, and either unscheduled c...

Among the various breast cancer subtypes, hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer is frequently diagnosed with nearly thousands of patients affected every year. The main treatment option for breast cancer is the endocrine therapy but that remains ineffective because of the relapse or recurrence of the disease with advanced metastatic spread a...

Breast carcinoma comprises a group of diseases with specific clinical, molecular and histopathologic properties. Tumours have traditionally been classified using morphology into separate categories with differing behaviour and prognosis. But the traditional classification systems, have limitations and new molecular methods are expected to improve c...

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy diagnosed among females worldwide. Due to its heterogenous nature, the type of treatment to be decided is a very crucial thing to treat the disease. Chemotherapy has become the mainstay of breast cancer treatment. The increased understanding of breast cancer made it possible to develop mor...

Dysregulation of the cell cycle, which permits for unrestricted cellular division, is a characteristic of cancer. Cells develop genetic changes that disrupt or bypass regulatory processes in signaling cascades and cell checkpoints that typically inhibit genetic instability and uncontrollable cell multiplication to support this aggressive state. As...

The cooperation of cyclins and their particular cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) controls the progression of the cell cycle. This cyclin–CDK complex triggers a series of processes that move in a straight line from the resting state (G0), through the growth phase (G1), DNA replication (S), the growth phase gap 2 (G2), and cell division at the end (M)...

Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. Being a heterogenous disease it comprises many different subtypes that differ in their pathological features and clinical importance. These distinct subtypes with different histopathological and biological characteristics are responsible for varied responses to treatments and he...

A complicated interaction of Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) drives the mammalian cell cycle and one of the main causes or hallmarks of cancer is the deregulation of this system. The abnormality in the cell cycle regulation often leads to the cancerous growth of cells. The mitogenesis induced by steroids and growth factors in breast epi...

Breast cancer is thought to be the most frequent kind of cancer in women globally. It is crucial to comprehend the biology of this tumor before deciding on the best course of therapy. Many malignancies, including breast cancer, have cell cycle abnormalities. A unique kind of targeted treatment for breast cancer called cyclin-dependent kinase inhibi...

Cell division is driven by nucleic acid metabolism, and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in nucleotide synthesis. As a result, thymidylate synthase has emerged as a critical target in chemotherapy. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is currently being used to treat a wide range of cancers, including breast, pancreatic, head and neck, c...

Cancer remains the second‑leading cause of mortality worldwide and poses a major problem to healthcare systems. Nowadays, various efforts are being made to enhance clinical practices for early detection methods, appropriately classify risk groups, and increase treatment efficiency. Much of this research has led to the characterization of tumors at...

Proteins are the fundamental unit of any living organism. They are made up of different amino acids and differ in their structure, stability, and function. Proteins are the ultimate product of most genes. Despite the complete sequencing of the human genome, the functions of various genes remain unknown. Therefore, to explore novel gene functions, t...

Comprehensive safety and efficacy studies of COVID-19 vaccines might reduce the apprehension of the general population about the adverse reactions and duration of protection offered by them. The study aimed to conduct a systemic review on the four COVID-19 vaccines (AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, and Janssen) approved in Saudi Arabia. The study was...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable malignancy of B-cells. In this study, bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify possible pathogenic roles of CK2α, which is a protein encoded by CSNK2A1, in the progression and aggressiveness of CLL. Furthermore, various computational tools were used to search for a competent inhibitor...

Background: DprE1, which is a flavoenzyme, is very important for cell wall biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and for the pathogenesis, virulence, lethality, and stress resistance of the host. Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a challenging global human health issue, necessitating the development of novel, more effective treatment regime...

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable malignancy of B-cells. In this study, bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify possible pathogenic roles of CK2α, which is a protein encoded by CSNK2A1, in the progression and aggressiveness of CLL. Furthermore, various computational tools were used to search for a competent inhi...

Research question Women are increasingly suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Its pathophysiology is still unknown, though. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how gallic acid affected the pathophysiology of the ovary in an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome. We also showed the potential mechanism of adiponectin involvemen...

Breast cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal types of transformation among women. An anomaly of normal fatty acid metabolism is acknowledged as a critical trigger for malignant transformations including breast cancer, but the prospect of targeting fatty acid metabolism for the treatment of malignancy has remained unrecognized so far. It h...

The tumor microenvironment is composed of various types of cells that show their significance during the progression of cancer. Among these, cell constituents are mesenchymal stem cells which can come up with both antitumor and protumorigenic properties. Cross-talk between mesenchymal stem cells and tumor cells drastically alters the overall featur...

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common types of cancer and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women across the globe. The associated mortality and morbidity account for more therapeutic approaches. The development of therapeutic resistance is one of the most serious clinical issues experienced during the treatment of BC patients....

The tumor microenvironment has been identified as a target-rich setting for the production of new antitumor drugs throughout the last decade. Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs), possessing a spindle shape that contributes to and alters the ECM structure, are prominent constituents of the TME. CAFs possess functional and phenotypic diversity and ar...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an aggregation of an intricate collection of molecules that work together to give cells a structural and functional grasp. Collagenous and elastic fibers, proteoglycans, and proteins such as fibronectin and laminin, all have a function in these qualities. The composition of the ECM varies by tissue and matricellula...

Cancer is presently one of the main causes of death worldwide. Different stages of cancer have been identified, demonstrating that multiple gene alterations are implicated in cancer pathogenesis. The aberrant cell growth is caused by these gene alterations. The rise of cell proliferation is aided by genetic diseases induced by inheritance or heredi...

Mostly tumor is an incurable disease, and this disease is increasing at an alarming rate, and breast cancer too is becoming a serious global issue. One of the main key players in tumor/cancer progression is the tumor microenvironment (TME). It usually consists of the immune cells that play a key role in disease development and progression along wit...

It has been broadly accepted that the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a significant impact on the aggressive behavior of malignant solid tumors. One of the cell types connected with the tumor microenvironment is tumor macrophages, which perform an essential job in promoting cancer cells, especially in breast malignancy. Tumor-associated macrophage...

Regulatory T cells have achieved a key attribute in the immune system that itself immune regulation or prevention from autoreactions under normal conditions, therefore, is the main factor that participates in balancing the defense system of a body, but their disastrous and adverse effects on antitumor mechanism also exist. Regulatory T cells “CD4⁺,...

Breast cancer development is a complicated phenomenon governed by epigenetic and genetic mechanisms that regulate the interaction between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment factors (TME). Immune cells, in particular, perform a dual function in cancer genesis and development, since they can both defend against tumor development by eliminating i...

The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial part in the development, growth, and progression of the tumor and the resistance that is developed against the therapy being applied. It has drawn a lot of attention for treating breast cancer. To address the low penetration and less accessibility which is witnessed in the case of chemotherapy, the propert...

Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer and Targeted Therapies discusses the current understanding of breast cancer tumor microenvironment components, their role in tumorigenicity and the development of therapeutic resistance, along with updates on recent advances.The book presents up-to-date knowledge on the interplays of stromal component...

Antimicrobial resistance has not been a new phenomenon. Still, the number of resistant organisms, the geographic areas affected by emerging drug resistance, and the magnitude of resistance in a single organism are enormous and mounting. Disease and disease-causing agents formerly thought to be contained by antibiotics are now returning in new forms...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cousinia thomsonii is traditionally known for treating various diseases including joint pain, swelling, body ache, asthma, dermatitis, cough and arthritis. Aim of the study: This study employs lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory wistar-rat model to evaluate efficacy of Cousinia thomsonii active-extracts on the...

Aim To synthesize novel uracil derivatives targeting thymidylate synthase for the treatment of high-grade malignancies such as breast cancer. Background Cell division is driven by nucleic acid metabolism, and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) catalyses a rate-limiting step in nucleotide synthesis. As a result, TYMS has emerged as a critical target in ch...

Although advances in diagnostics and therapeutics have prolonged the survival of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and lack of targeted therapies remain the foremost hurdle in the effective management of TNBC. Thus, evaluation of new therapeutic agents and their efficacy in combination therapy is urg...

This study employs lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory wistar-rat model to evaluate efficacy of Cousinia thomsonii active-extracts on the expression of crucial inflammatory markers viz. iNOS, Rel-A, COX-2, PPAR-γ and CRP. Ethyl-acetate and ethanolic-extract was administered orally at 25, 50, 100 mg/kg doses for 21 days. Serum was collected on 2...

The cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are known to play a critical role in cell cycle regulation process. Among the different groups of CDKs, CDK4 overexpression/hyperactivation is found to be present in many cancers and a specific CDK4 inhibitor, palbociclib has been recently approved by the FDA against breast cancer. However, the treatment with pal...

Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet is a well-known medicinal plant in Kashmir Himalya. The evidence for its modern medicinal applications remains majorly unexplored. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the detailed antimicrobial promises of different crude extracts (methanolic, ethanolic, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate) of G. walli...

Human infectious diseases caused by various microbial pathogens, in general, impact a large population of individuals every year. These microbial diseases that spread quickly remain to be a big issue in various health-related domains and to withstand the negative drug impacts, the antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic microbial organisms (pathogenic b...

The Book entitled "Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer and Targeted Therapies" discusses the current understanding of breast cancer tumor microenvironment components, their role in tumorigenicity and development of therapeutic resistance, and the recent advances in targeted therapies. As a heterogeneous disease with more than 20 distinc...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can become a long-term infection by evading the host immune response. Co-evolution of Mtb's with humans has resulted in its ability to hijack the host's immune systems in a variety of ways. So far, every Mtb defense strategy is essentially dependent on a subtle balance that, if shifted, can promote Mtb proliferation...

Background: Due to the fact that pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a highly infectious disease characterized by high herd susceptibility and hard to be treated. Cytokines have a crucial role in eliciting protective and pathologic consequences in infectious diseases, including tuberculosis. This study aimed to investigate the gene expression dataset o...

Cell cycle dysregulation is a characteristic hallmark of malignancies, which results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and eventual tumor formation. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is a member of the family of cell cycle regulatory proteins involved in cell cycle maintenance. Given that overexpression of CDK1 has been associated with cancer, CDK1...

Background Salmonella Typhimurium is a zoonotic pathogen responsible for food and waterborne gastroenteritis in humans. Salmonella Typhimurium expresses Universal stress proteins (USPs) when subjected to different biotic and abiotic stresses. This class of proteins is becoming widely recognizedfor its role in bacterial stress resistance and protrac...

Background: Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 or BIRC5, member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), is a multitasking protein and among the top 100 deregulated genes in breast cancer patients. It negatively regulates apoptosis of tumor cells by inducing gene expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, promoting tumor cell proliferat...

Background: DNA Topoisomerase II Alpha (TOP2A), a protein-coding gene, is central to the replication process and has been found deregulated in several malignancies, including breast cancer. Several therapeutic regimens have been developed and approved for targeting TOP2A and have prolonged the survival of cancer patients. However, due to the inhere...