Manuela Ferreira

• École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Industries Textiles

This study was motivated by the development of new additively manufactured bio-based materials with high performance. Hemp yarn was used in continuous material extrusion additive manufacturing to produce novel hemp yarn-reinforced biocomposites. The hemp yarn was compared to an original hemp/poly(lactic acid) hybrid yarn prepared by commingling bef...

This study represents the first works on the manufacture of reinforcements for composite applications such as yarns and fabrics using a tropical fiber extracted from the bast of the Cola Lepidota (CL) plant. Different types of products were produced, including twisted and untwisted yarns and woven and quasi-unidirectional fabrics to manufacture com...

The use of hemp fibers for the manufacturing of reinforcements for composite materials is not well common, despite a growing interest of natural fibers in this field of application. In addition to the choice of the type of fiber used, the choice of the type of reinforcement plays an important role in the final properties of the composite material....

Hybrid yarn of reinforcement and thermo-plastic fibres gives the composite manufacturing process the advantage to dispense resin transferring task. The objective of this study is to make a hybrid yarn based on hemp and polyamide 11 (PA11) fibre for composite application. The weaveability of the manufactured hybrid yarn will be checked, and the tens...

Plant fibers are being increasingly explored for their use in engineering polymers and composites, and many works have described their properties, especially for flax and hemp fibers. Nevertheless, the availability of plant fibers varies according to the geographical location on the planet. This study presents the first work on the mechanical prope...

The present work investigates the potential of developing bio-composites based on thermoplastic polymers reinforced with natural fibres by using hybrid yarns. The hybrid yarns were produced by the wrapping technique, in which a multifilament of polyamide 11 (PA11) was wrapped around an untreated low-twisted hemp roving to produce a yarn with suffic...

Micro-braiding and co-wrapping techniques have been developed over a few decades and have made important contributions to biocomposites development. In this present study, a set of flax/polypropylene (PP) micro-braided and co-wrapped yarns was developed by varying different PP parameters (PP braiding angles and PP wrapping turns, respectively) to g...

This study focuses on the development and mechanical testing of a quasi-unidirectional woven hemp fabric for composite applications. The fabric is designed to combine the advantages of easy handling, impregnability by resin and fiber alignment. In this sense, low twisted rovings, low crimping characteristics and a high roving density in the main di...

Natural fibers are used to produce environmental-friendly composites with good specific mechanical and acoustical properties. Production of woven reinforcement from natural fibers is challenging because of the distinct length of the fibers. A lot of parameters at fiber extraction, spinning and weaving stages have an impact on the composite produced...

The three-dimensional weaving process enables to produce near-net shaped complex preforms used as reinforcement of composite materials. However, the lack of knowledge on the mechanical behaviour of these three-dimensional woven structures may restrict their use for composite material. To fill this gap, we have tempted to highlight their specific me...

The objective of this study is to develop hybrid hemp/thermoplastic roving adapted for composite manufacture. The hybrid roving has to be enough resistant to sustain the tension and abrasion stresses caused by the textile production processes. For this purpose, a multifilament of polyamide 12 is wrapped around a hemp roving. This wrapped roving is...

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been grown since the antiquity for tis ability to provide fibres for the confection of clothes. It has also been used for the production of technical fabrics such as sails for example. In the 20th century, and particularly in Europe, the vegetal fibres such as flax were progressively replaced by synthetic fibres fr...

Recent developments in the field of bio-based composite materials are mainly focused on the use of unidirectional reinforcements. The production of woven fabrics and required yarns or rovings is still complex for composite applications due to the finite length of plant fibers and to the high number of process parameters which can be tuned. This stu...

Recent developments in the field of bio-based composite materials are mainly focused on the use of unidirectional reinforcements. The production of woven fabrics and required yarns or rovings is still complex for composite applications due to the finite length of plant fibers and to the high number of process parameters which can be tuned. This stu...

The use of composite materials reinforced by flax fibres has been increasing steadily over the last 20 years. These fibres show attractive mechanical properties but also some particularities (naturally limited length, presence of a lumen, fibres grouped in bundles in the plant, complex surface properties and composition). An analysis of the availab...

Les fibres naturelles sont de plus en plus utilisées en remplacement des fibres synthétiques dans la réalisation de préformes pour matériaux composites. Ces fibres naturelles, utilisées notamment pour leur aspect respectueux de l’environnement, sont majoritairement utilisées avec des résines thermodurcissables, qui sont difficilement recyclables. L...

To date, nonwoven fabrics made with natural fibres and thermoplastic commingled fibres have been extensively used in the composite industry for a wide variety of applications. This paper presents an innovative study about the effect of the manufacturing parameters on the mechanical behaviour of flax/PP nonwoven reinforced composites. The mechanical...

Reinforcement permeability represents crucial parameters in the manufacturing of fiber reinforced composites by liquid composite molding processes (LCM) [1]. Evaluation of fabric permeability is usually challenging and it requires several flow experiments. Indeed, permeability usually presents different values due to the anisotropic nature of texti...

Les fibres de chanvre sont de plus en plus utilisées pour le renfort de matériaux composites biosourcés, du fait de leur faible densité, de leur faible coût de production et de leurs bonnes propriétés. Les renforts en fibres de chanvre actuellement disponibles sur le marché sont sous forme de nontissés ou d’unidirectionnels. Les quelques préformes...

The production of nonwoven fabrics from natural fibers is already expanding at an industrial level for simple curvature semi-structural part in the automotive industry. To develop their use for technical applications, this paper provides an experimental study of the mechanical behavior of flax-fiber nonwoven preforms. A comparison between different...

Cette étude décrit à la fois la faisabilité du tissage 3D interlock chaine à base de mèches de lin et la caractérisation multi-échelle de ces renforts secs pour matériaux composites. Le tissage 3D interlock chaine permet de réaliser des structures épaisses, plus résistantes aux délaminages que les empilements de tissus 2D. Les propriétés mécaniques...

Currently, nonwoven fabrics made with natural and thermoplastic commingled fibers have been extensively used in the composite industry due to their light weight and low processing and material costs. As two key parameters in the manufacturing of nonwoven fabrics, the needle-punching and material surface densities influence strongly the mechanical p...

As the strongest natural fibres, flax fibres are being used increasingly for technical advanced products such as composites with a view to reducing the impact of the material on the environment throughout its life cycle. In order to improve the understanding of the mechanical properties of flax fibres and their reinforced preforms and composites, m...

The use of natural fibres for technical advanced products such as composites is widely increasing with the view to reduce the impact of the material throughout its life cycle on the environment. Some work has been performed on natural fibre based reinforcement textiles for composite materials. The mechanical and the formability behaviours of woven...

Polylactide (PLA)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite filaments were produced with a melt-spinning process, with the aim of obtaining antibacterial textiles. ZnO, an inorganic antibacterial nanofiller, is used to impart antibacterial properties to PLA. These nanoparticles suit the melt-spinning process because of their high thermal stability and low gra...

PLA (nano)composites were recently considered for utilization in engineering sectors. For targeted applications requiring flame retardant (FR) properties, PLA can be effectively modified with previously dehydrated gypsum (so-called CaSO4 β-anhydrite II, AII) and selected additives. As evidenced by cone calorimetry, the co-addition of AII and organo...

In competition with petroleum-based polymers, polylactide or polylactic acid (PLA), is one of the most promising candidates for future developments, because it is biode-gradable and produced from renewable natural resources. PLA is currently receiving considerable attention for rather conventional applications such as packaging materials as well as...

In competition with petroleum-based polymers, polylactide or polylactic acid (PLA), is one of the most promising candidates for future developments, because it is biodegradable and produced from renewable natural resources. PLA is currently receiving considerable attention for rather conventional applications such as packaging materials as well as...

Metallic oxides have been successfully investigated for the recycling of polylactide (PLA) via catalyzed unzipping depolymerization allowing for the selective recovery of lactide monomer. In this contribution, a metallic oxide nanofiller, that is, ZnO, has been dispersed into PLA without detrimental polyester degradation yielding PLA/ZnO nanocompos...

An experimental study was carried out to design polylactide (PLA)-clay nanocomposites for developing fibers. PLA and 1–10 wt % of a selected organomodified bentonite (Bentone® 104-B104) were melt mixed to examine the effect of processing conditions (temperature, shear, residence time) on the morphology of performed polymer nanocomposites (PNC). Bec...

An experimental study was carried out in order to check the influence of various parameters on the ageing of PLA filaments performed in a climatic room. Initially, two grades of PLA with different d-isomer contents were analysed. Even after several weeks of ageing, properties of PLA filaments with less than 0.5% d-isomer content did not vary extens...

Polylactide (PLA) filaments produced by melt spin-drawing in different conditions (draw ratio, temperature of the draw roll) have been studied to demonstrate the influence of the process conditions on the tensile properties of the PLA filaments. Draw ratio varies from 2 to 3.5 and temperature of the draw roll from 80°C to 120°C. The thermal charact...

Various quantities of Cloisite® 30B (from 1% to 4% in weight) have been added to a polylactide matrix by melt blending to produce polylactide-based nanocomposites. Then, these blends have been melt-spun to produce multifilaments yarns. It is demonstrated that it is necessary to use a plasticizer to spin a blend with 4% in weight of Cloisite® 30B. T...

Acrylic latexes are among one of the most widely used binders in the chemical bonding of textile nonwovens. This article investigates the crosslinking process of functionalized acrylic latices to understand the binder behavior during the processing of nonwovens and in the final product. Two techniques are used: rheology, to follow the structural de...

The market for protective clothing is growing in many fields, including flame resistance clothing, cut-resistance gloves and so on. High-performance fibres such as aramides are known to be flameproof and resistant to mechanical impacts, but they are sensitive to UV.The purpose of this study was to produce compound yarns with the advantageous proper...