Manuel Sintubin

KU Leuven | ku leuven · Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences

Tectonic structures that developed prior to folding, such as pre- and early-kinematic veins, hold valuable information on the stress state of the paleobasin in which these early structures formed. To derive the parental orientation of these prefolding brittle structures, folds need to be ‘unfold’. In this chapter a fold restoration methodology is p...

The world-class W-Sn Panasqueira deposit consists of an extensive, subhorizontal vein swarm, peripheral to a late-orogenic greisen cupola. The vein swarm consists of hundreds of co-planar quartz veins that are overlapping and connected laterally over large distances. Various segmentation structures, a local zigzag geometry, and the occurrence of st...

The world-class W-Sn Panasaqueira deposit consists of an extensive network of subhorizontal quartz veins, peribatholithic to a late-orogenic greisenised granite cupola. The deposit has many features alike with other greisen-affiliated hydrothermal vein-type deposits, but shows a conspicuous subhorizontal attitude that is cross-cutting the subvertic...

In quartz, multiple sets of fine planar deformation microstructures that have specific crystallographic orientations parallel to planes with low Miller-Bravais indices are commonly considered as shock-induced planar deformation features (PDFs). 1 diagnostic of shock metamorphism. Using polarized light microscopy, we demonstrate that up to three set...

http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/it/pubblicazioni/periodici-tecnici/memorie-descrittive-della-carta-geologica-ditalia/earthquake-environmental-effect-for-seismic-hazard-assessment-the-esi-intensity-scale-and-the-eee-catalogue In the last twenty years, the interest of scientific community towards Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEEs) has progressive...

Flexural flow is thought unlikely to occur in naturally deformed, competent isotropic single-layers. In this study we discuss a particular case of folded bedding-parallel fibrous dolomite veins in shale, in which the internal strain pattern and microstructural deformation features provide new insights in the mechanisms enabling flexural flow foldin...

A regional analysis of the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility on low-grade metamorphic, chloritoid-bearing slates of the Paleozoic in Central Armorica (Brittany, France) revealed very high values for the degree of anisotropy (up to 1.43). Nonetheless, high-field torque magnetometry indicates that the magnetic fabric is dominantly paramagneti...

Near the village of Mousny, Belgium, a peculiar massive quartz occurrence, composed of multiple large, >m³-size, bodies of milky quartz can be found at the locality known as "Les Blancs Cailloux". Strikingly, the quartz bodies contain elongated, cleaved, host-rock fragments, still oriented parallel to the regional cleavage attitude. A detailed petr...

A review of numerous genetic interpretations of the individual low-temperature intracrystalline deformation microstructures in quartz shows that there is no consensus concerning their formation mechanisms. Therefore, we introduce a new, purely descriptive terminology for the three categories of intracrystalline deformation microstructures formed in...

Regional mapping and a detailed geometric analysis of complex, mixed brittle-ductile, fold-related accommodation structures, along the well-exposed banks of the Lesse river between Redu and Daverdisse (Belgium), reveal that the finite strain in the predominantly incompetent Lower Devonian rock sequence in the northwestern part of the High-Ardenne s...

Late Minoan (LM) IIIB (similar to 1300-1200 B.C.) represents a crucial period in the history of Bronze Age Crete, heralding the transition to the Iron Age through a wave of site destruction and abandonment. According to the traditional view, earthquakes may have played a significant role in these events. A new archaeoseismological approach is propo...

The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of monoclinic chloritoid, a relatively common mineral in aluminum-rich, metapelitic rocks, has been determined for the first time by measuring the high-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (HF-AMS), using two independent approaches, i.e., (a) directional magnetic hysteresis measurements and (b) torque magnet...

Large fault-slip data sets from multiphase orogenic regions present a particular challenge in paleostress reconstructions. The Lufilian Arc is an arcuate fold-and-thrust belt that formed during the late Pan-African times as the result of combined N-S and E-W amalgamation of Gondwana in SE-DRCongo and N-Zambia. We studied more than 22 sites in the L...

Paleostress studies commonly call upon (1) a fault slip data inversion technique, (2) a calcite twin stress inversion technique, (3) recrystallized grain size piezometry for quartz, or (4) direct measurements of residual lattice strain. Recent advances in orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) on a scanni...

Pan-African orogenic processes in Centra Africa involve intracontinental collision but also late-orogenic and intraplate processes that occurred in dominantly brittle conditions and can be documented by fault kinematic analysis and paleostress reconstructions. The Congo and Tanzania cratons in Central Africa are surrounded by Pan-African belts orog...

A regional analysis of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) has been performed on low-grade metamorphic, deformed homogeneous siltstone beds (HSBs) of the Plougastel Formation in the Central Armorican Domain together with exhaustive compositional analyses of the studied specimens. Despite sampling a single horizon, different paramagnetic...

In the history of earthquake archeology in the Mediterranean region, the names of Sir Arthur Evans (1851–1941) and Claude Schaeffer (1898–1982) have become intimately related to the formative stages of the discipline through their association with pioneering theories (cf. Evans, 1928; Schaeffer, 1948) regarding the effects of earthquakes on ancient...

Mechanical anisotropy caused by layering in rocks and the occurrence of pre-existing layer-parallel veins can have an influence on formation of subsequent layer-parallel veins. To study what controls formation and distribution of these layer-parallel veins, we use Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) with ESyS-Particle [1] to systematically vary interna...

. Since the first and paroxysmal deformation stages of the Lufilian orogeny at ~ 550 Ma and the late Neogene to Quaternary development of the south-western branch of the East African rift system, the tectonic evolution of the Lufilian arc and Kundelungu foreland in the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of Congo remains poorly known althou...

SynonymsArchaeological seismicity; Earthquake archaeology; Seismic archaeologyIntroductionIn 1991 an international conference was held in Athens (Greece), marking the beginning of the modern research field of archaeoseismology, described as “the study of ancient earthquakes from the complementary standpoints of their social, cultural, historical an...

Fluid flow related to tectonic inversions has extensively been studied in the High-Ardenne slate belt (Germany, Belgium, France), as evidenced by the widespread occurrence of quartz veins. Veining linked to the main Variscan orogenic stage is far less abundant and strictly related to localized folding and faulting. In the northwestern part of the H...

Compressional tectonic inversions are classically represented in 2D brittle failure mode (BFM) plots that illustrate the change in differential stress (s1 2s3) versus the pore-fluid pressure during orogenic shortening. In these BFM plots, the tectonic switch between extension and compression occurs at a differential stress state of zero. However, m...

Since its discovery in the beginning of the twentieth century by British archaeologist Arthur Evans, the Bronze Age (Minoan) civilization of Crete (Greece, ca. 3000–1200 B.C.) received considerable scholarly, scientific, and popular attention (e.g., Papadopoulos, 2005). Although subject to critique and revision (e.g., Hamilakis, 2002), Evans’s idea...

The Konkola ore deposit in the Central African Copperbelt is a high-grade stratiform copper-cobalt deposit in northern Zambia. The ore occurs disseminated in the Ore Shale Formation host rock, in diagenetic quartz lenses and layers and also in layer-parallel and irregular carbonate-quartz veins. Copper and cobalt grade maps show a strong structural...

Between the paroxysm of the Lufilian orogeny at ~ 550 Ma and the late Neogene to Quaternary development of the south-western branch of the East African rift system, the tectonic evolution of the Lufilian Arc and Kundelungu foreland in the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of Congo remains poorly unknown although it caused important Cu-domin...

A complex of salt lakes, fringing the Mediterranean Sea between Larnaca and Cape Kiti, marks the Larnaca coastal plain in Eastern Cyprus. The ancient city of Hala Sultan Tekke is situated directly to the west of the main salt lake, and has been abandoned at the end of the Late Bronze Age (LBA; ~1200 BC). Several hypotheses circulate with respect to...

A complex of salt lakes, fringing the Mediterranean Sea between Larnaca and Cape Kiti, marks the Larnaca coastal plain in Eastern Cyprus. The ancient city of Hala Sultan Tekke is situated directly to the west of the main salt lake, and has been abandoned at the end of the Late Bronze Age (LBA; ~1200 BC). Several hypotheses circulate with respect to...

Geologists, seismologists, as well as archaeologists increasingly apply archaeoseismological investigations to study possible natural causes of damage of a site and to assess the regional seismic hazard risks. Archaeoseismological investigations enable the obtaining of diverse data on past earthquakes and allow for an application of different metho...

Reflecting on the burgeoning scientific discipline of archaeoseismology, a clear trend can be discerned. What started as an “extravaganza” in a good story (archaeological perspective) became a multidisciplinary effort to get a maximum amount of information on the parameters of ancient earthquakes out of archaeological evidence (seismological and ar...

AbstractIn the frontal part of the Rhenohercynian fold-and-thrust belt (High-Ardenne slate belt, Germany), two successive types of quartz veins, oriented normal and parallel to bedding respectively, are interpreted to reflect the early Variscan compressional tectonic inversion of the Ardenne-Eifel sedimentary basin. Fracturing and sealing occurred...

Most of the courses in the bachelor and master of geology at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium) has one or more one-day field trips, each with their particular disciplinary focus. Field trips commonly serve to illustrate subject matter treated during lectures; others aim at training field skills. The students experience each field trip –...

Seismic-related damages of archaeological structures play an important role in increasing our knowledge about the timing and magnitudes of historical earthquakes. Although quantitative data should form the basis of objective archaeoseismological methods, most studies still do not rely on such methods. Ground-based LIDAR (light detection and ranging...

Within the Lower Palaeozoic Anglo-Brabant Deformation Belt, magnetic susceptibility on its own does not allow for a straightforward distinction between different lithostratigraphic units, except for the high-susceptibility levels of the Lower Cambrian Tubize Formation. Moreover, the variation in magnetic susceptibility within individual lithostrati...

In recent decades various research studies have focused on the reconstruction of Palaeozoic Europe, reflecting the complex geodynamic history related to the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea. It has been demonstrated that Palaeozoic Europe comprises a series of tectonostratigraphical units, or 'terranes', located between the remnants of three...

Theoretically, within a given pelitic rock in which the main paramagnetic carriers are white mica and chlorite and in which, judging from the AMS parameters, AMS is controlled by the paramagnetic carriers, the results of X-ray pole figure goniometry should show a qualitative relationship with AMS. This idea is tested on single-phase deformed, low-g...

The Lower Palaeozoic rocks exposed in the Brabant-Ardenne region (Belgium, France) recorded the Early Palaeozoic history on the southern margin of the perigondwanan microcontinent of Avalonia, north of the Rheic suture. These rocks crop out in the Brabant basement and in the Ardenne basement inliers within the Variscan Ardenne allochthon. The two m...

aBstract. The development of normal faults in carbonates in upper-crustal conditions (< 1-3 km) is a very complex process, because of the interaction of mechanical and chemical processes. This paper investigates the effect of the architecture of normal faults on fluid flow at different depths. This study has been performed on a well-exposed normal...

In the Monts d'Arrée (western Brittany, France) a high-strain slate belt is well-exposed. The slate belt is located in the Central Armorica Terrane, a low-grade middle- to upper-crustal domain in the Armorican Massif, composed of a Cadomian basement and its Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic metasedimentary cover sequence. The slate belt consists of hig...

Investigating the remains of past human activity in search of evidence of ancient earthquakes is the principal objective of archaeoseismology. In this regard, it sits within a continuum of overlapping and complementary subdisciplines that span the broad research realm of earthquake science, specifically bridging the gap between instrumental and his...

Archaeoseismology is currently controversial, with criticisms over the extent to which this research field can contribute to seismic-hazard analysis and, in-deed, as to whether man-made structures can be used as earthquake indicators at all. Addressing these concerns—in other words, refining the utility of archaeologi-cally derived earthquake infor...

Kink bands within two slate belts, the Anglo-Brabant Deformation Belt (Belgium) and the North Dobrogea Orogen (Romania), reveal similar problems with respect to linking kink band geometries to expected palaeostress directions. In the North Dobrogea Orogen, the two opposite kink band sets of two different systems of conjugate kink bands develop for...

Quartz veins in the early Variscan Monts d’Arrée slate belt (Central Armorican Terrane, Western France), have been used to determine fluid-flow characteristics. A combination of a detailed structural analysis, fluid inclusion microthermometry and stable isotope analyses provides insights in the scale of fluid flow and the water–rock interactions. T...

A detailed structural mapping and geometrical analysis of distinct bedding-(sub)perpendicular and beddingparallel quartz veins has been performed in the northeastern part of the High-Ardenne slate belt (Rursee, North Eifel, Germany), with the aim to reconstruct the local fracturing/veining history. The structural relationship of these two types of...

The presence of an angular unconformity in combination with complex structures in the basement, lacking in the cover, is commonly seen as an indication for an orogenic event pre-dating the unconformity. The recognition of such an older orogenic event becomes, however, less evident in areas where both cover and basement were deformed together during...

The Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone (FBFZ) in southwestern Turkey forms an important, but only moderately well studied lineament connecting three tectonic provinces. Each of these are characterised by different processes associated with the incipient and im-minent collision of tectonic plates in the Eastern Mediterranean. The FBFZ is regarded as a single...

In the fine-grained Ordovician siliciclastic deposit surrounding the Quenast plug, a variety of structural features demonstrate that the Quenast plug was emplaced prior to the Brabantian deformation event. These features include: a) a large-scale bending of the cleavage, mimicking the shape of the plug; b) a concomitant change in the orientation of...

Partitioning of strain is a fundamental process during mountain building. It commonly causes a compartmentalisation of a bulk regional strain into deformational domains with contrasting strain characteristics and largely oriented parallel to the orogenic grain. The Monts d'Arrée slate belt (Brittany, France) offers an opportunity to study strain pa...

In dit artikel wensen we aan de hand van een aantal praktijkvoorbeelden te illustreren wat de mogelijkheden zijn van GIS in het kader van werkzaamheden in studiebureaus en bedrijven die geconfronteerd worden met de ruimtelijke aspecten van de ondergrond. Deze compilatie is het resultaat van een studiedag “GIS & Ingenieursgeologie”, georganiseerd in...

The terms 'boudin' and 'boudinage' have been coined in 1908 at Bastogne to describe the geometry of particular structures in Lower Devonian metasedimentary series, resembling an array of sausages lying side by side. Recent research shows that these structures are the expression of a polyphase deformation history in brittle-ductile deformation condi...

In orogenic zones the geometric occurrence of specific tectonic structures can often be related to contrasting rheological properties of rock materials. One of such tectonic structures is layer-perpendicular naturally fractured layers with vein infill that underwent subsequent deformation. Internal deformation by coaxial extension of these segmente...

The archaeological site of Sagalassos (SW Turkey) is located in a region characterized by the absence of any significant recent seismic activity, contrary to adjacent regions. However, the assessment of earthquake-related damage at the site suggests that the earthquakes that have been demonstrated to have struck this Pisidian city in ca. AD 500 and...

Within the Cambrian Jodoigne Formation in the easternmost part of the Anglo-Brabant Deformation Belt, sub-horizontal to gently plunging folds occur within the limbs of steeply plunging folds. The latter folds are cogenetic with cleavage and are attributed to the Brabantian deformation event. In contrast, although cleavage is also (1) virtually axia...

Quantitative appraisal of compaction strain is essential for the study of the burial history of shales in sedimentary basins. The results of a preliminary fabric analysis of Westphalian and Zechstein shales in the Campine Basin (Belgium) show that clay fabric analysis, using an X-ray pole figure goniometer, is suitable for this purpose. Clay fabric...

The Burdur–Isparta region is a transitional zone between two distinct neotectonic domains in Turkey: the Burdur graben system as the northeastern part of the Fethiye–Burdur fault zone and the Kovada graben at the apex of the Isparta angle. Each domain represents a particular stress regime. Fault data from unconsolidated Pliocene and Quaternary depo...

Soft-sediment deformation involves complex interactions between discrete fracturing and diffuse bulk strain, described in terms of volume change and shear strain in a critical state mechanics framework. This study reports on a mesoscale normal fault zone, intraformational in Oligocene argillaceous sediments from the Boom Formation (Belgium), contai...

The Sagalassos Fault is one of the candidate faults for the devastating earthquakes that struck the ancient Pisidian town of Sagalassos, situated some 10km SSW of Isparta (SW Turkey), early in the 6th century a.d. and in the middle or during the second half of the 7th century a.d. The Sagalassos Fault is an at least 150-m wide and ∼10km long active...

Fluid inclusions in quartz veins of the High-Ardenne slate belt have preserved remnants of prograde and retrograde metamorphic fluids. These fluids were examined by petrography, microthermometry and Raman analysis to define the chemical and spatial evolution of the fluids that circulated through the metamorphic area of the High-Ardenne slate belt....