Manuel Salas

Manuel Salas
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México | UNAM · Department of Developmental Neurobiology and Neurophysiology

About

107
Publications
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1,552
Citations
Citations since 2017
13 Research Items
221 Citations
20172018201920202021202220230102030405060
20172018201920202021202220230102030405060
20172018201920202021202220230102030405060
20172018201920202021202220230102030405060

Publications

Publications (107)
Article
En la rata el juego social es una respuesta innata, necesaria para promover el desarrollo de habilidades motrices, el rango social y el aprendizaje de respuestas esenciales para sobrevivir. Asimismo, el desarrollo del juego es un proceso complejo donde los protagonistas son expuestos a múltiples influencias sensoriales, y estresores ambientales inc...
Article
Durante la succión las crías reciben alimento, estimulación sensorial para su desarrollo corporal y protección para sobrevivir. En esta revisión se enfatizan las alteraciones en la postura cifótica de madres lactantes F1 con desnutrición perinatal y su expresión durante la succión. En un grupo de ratas gestantes F0 desnutridas (50%, G6-G12; 30%, G1...
Article
La Neurofisiología en México surge de modestos grupos de trabajo en el área clínica y biológica a finales del siglo XIX, cuando era escaso el personal dedicado a ella, poca infraestructura, y con intereses enfocados principalmente hacia la clínica médica. El análisis de la información documentada revisada muestra que, entre los integrantes de este...
Article
Full-text available
Early food restriction resulted in long-term consequences on physical and brain development. However, long-term skeletal maturity parameters interacting with sensory deprivation are scarcely described. We compare the effects of gestational undernutrition and postnatal ligature (UL) and neonatal undernutrition by using an incubator (UI) with sensory...
Article
Full-text available
Nutrition plays a fundamental role in learning and memory, and early experimental undernutrition interferes with brain memory processes. Social transmission of food preference (STFP) is a natural olfactory paired-associate learning test that has not been used to assess the effects of early undernutrition on memory consolidation. Male Wistar rats we...
Article
Maternal care in the rat is an ancient behavioral response to specific multisensory inputs widely integrated in a complex forebrain, limbic and brain stem network to meet the basic needs of the young. Early undernutrition interferes with the morphofunctional organization of the brain, including maternal circuitry. The late-emerging effects of pre-...
Article
In rodents, the most representative component of maternal behavior that meets the purpose of newborn nutrition is the kyphotic posture. During this posture, the mother maintains a unique environment for the protection, thermal regulation and breast-feeding of the progeny. The aim of this study was to investigate possible deficiencies in the kyphoti...
Article
The expression of different behavioral components in the adult rat depends on a number of early influences, including age, hormones, manipulations of sensory cues, and perinatal undernutrition, all of which impact the development of brain areas underlying adaptive processes, maternal behavior, and the response to novelty. The current study investig...
Article
During the gestation and the lactating periods the gustatory papillae contain taste buds that respond to different flavors and aversive stimuli. The current study analyzed the effects of pre-and neonatal undernutrition on the circumvallate papillae of rats at 12, 20, and 30 days of age. Early undernourishment occurred from gestational days G6 to G1...
Article
In altricial species, early pre- and neonatal undernutrition interferes with the neuronal organization of several brain structures that have critical time windows for synaptic organization, including the prefrontal cortex. In Golgi-Cox stained tissue the basilar dendritic arbor of pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of early underfed...
Article
Full-text available
The insular cortex (IC) of the rat is a major area for the convergence and integration of olfactory, gustatory, and visual information, and at present it is unclear if perinatal undernutrition interferes with the structure and function of the IC neurons. Golgi-Cox-stained cells of the IC were studied in control and undernourished Wistar rats at 12,...
Article
Full-text available
In the neonatal rat, the olfactory system is a fundamental channel to locate and recognize the mother, to survive and develop early social behavior, and to distinguish related or unrelated members of a litter. Perinatal undernutrition in rats alters the neuronal organization and functioning of the olfactory system and its ascending relays, possibly...
Article
Full-text available
In the rat, the taste system plays a critical role in motivating the animal to consume nutrients and avoid toxic substances. In neonatal rat the orofacial movements can be modified by the application of sucrose and quinine in the mouth, producing ingestion or rejection responses, respectively, but there is no information available on the gusto faci...
Article
The heart rates of rats aged 4, 7, and 12 days were recorded for control (CG), undernourished (UG), control-handled (CHG), and undernourished-handled (UHG) groups after exposure to amyl acetate and menthol. Pregnant dams were undernourished and received 50% of a balanced diet from gestational day (G) 6 to G12, 60% from G13–G18, and 100% from G19–G2...
Article
Full-text available
Cell alterations in the central nervous system are consistent consequences of early undernourishment. Because little is known about the effects of neonatal udernourishment upon the main olfactory bulb (OB) in Golgi-Cox stained material, we evaluated the total OB cross-sectional area, the area of individual OB layers, and the area of type II mitral...
Article
In chronically movement-restricted Wistar rats, we described a significant decrease of spines along apical shafts of layer V cortical pyramids. Current study indicates that the liberation at 40 days of rats whose movements had been restricted since 20 days of age produces a gradual recovery of the number of spines, reaching the control values at 80...
Article
Full-text available
The maternal aggressive response (MAR) against intruders is temporarily expressed during lactation in association with the rearing and protection of offspring to promote their survival and growth in the nest. This normal component of maternal behaviour requires both the hormonal changes occurring at the end of pregnancy and the presence of pups for...
Article
When newborn rats are separated from the mother, they consistently exhibit the huddling response to maintain body temperature and physical contact. Therefore, we investigated if preweaning handling/sensory stimulation may overcome the huddling deficiencies associated to neonatal undernourishment/maternal deprivation of Wistar rats maintained at con...
Article
The effects of perinatal undernutrition on the number of neurons and apoptotic cells of the locus coeruleus (LC) of female and male rats at postpartum days 7, 12, 20, 30 and 60 were studied. Undernutrition reduces the number of neurons in both sexes without affecting cell death, as indicated by the ratio of apoptotic cells to neurons. The data sugg...
Article
Full-text available
Newborn rats maintain mother-litter bonds by using olfactory signals. At birth, units in the olfactory glomeruli (OG) are immature and vulnerable to noxious epigenetic factors like undernutrition. Because little is known about the effects of neonatal undernutrition upon the OG morphological organization, different OG parameters were studied in unde...
Article
Golgi-Cox-impregnated pyramidal neurons of layer five motor cortical area were investigated in control, binaural ear-occluded control, undernourished and binaural ear-occluded undernourished Wistar rats of 12, 20 and 30 days of age. In neonatally undernourished, binaural ear-occluded-undernourished and partly in ear-occluded-control subjects, there...
Article
Golgi-Cox-impregnated pyramidal neurons of layer five motor cortical area were investigated in control, binaural ear-occluded control, undernourished and binaural ear-occluded undernourished Wistar rats of 12, 20 and 30 days of age. In neonatally undernourished, binaural ear-occluded-undernourished and partly in ear-occluded-control subjects, there...
Article
The number and distribution of spines along apical shafts of rapid-Golgi-stained layer V pyramidal cells from visual, motor and somatosensory cortical areas were analyzed in control and movement-restricted (beginning at 20 days old) Wistar rats killed at 30, 40, 80 and 120 days of age (experiment A). In other group of rats, spine density was analyz...
Article
Newborn of altricial species maintain functional gustatory communication with the mother because the neural substrate and the capacity to discriminate and promote gustofacial responses are already operating. Because little is known about the effects of perinatal food restriction upon gustatory neuronal brain stem structures, we characterized neuron...
Article
Perinatal nutrition plays a fundamental role on the morphological organization and function of a number of brain stem structures. Because little is known of the effects of perinatal undernutrition upon sexually dimorphic structures underlying reproductive behavior, the locus coeruleus morphology of 60-day-old male and female Wistar rats was analyze...
Article
The effects of neonatal food restriction upon the dendritic development of facial nucleus (FN) motor neurons of Wistar rats were analyzed. Rats neonatally underfed by daily (12 h) mother-litter separation in an incubator from 5-30 days after birth exhibited, in brain stem Golgi-Cox sections, significant reductions in the number and extension of ste...
Article
Perinatal undernutrition as a deficiency of nutrient availability, affects body and brain developmental processes and promotes recurrent health problems. Thus, altered mother-litter bonds and deficient environmental interactions may interfere with the brain pluripotential capabilities of the newborn. To gather information concerning the mechanisms...
Article
Full-text available
In the rat, perinatal food and maternal deprivation provoke long-lasting effects upon the retrieving responses of dams to displaced pups. In the current study, the retrieving latency and the disruption in the body area of pups chosen by the mother to transport them to a new location was investigated on days 4, 8 and 12 postpartum in lactating Wista...
Article
The role of reduced or increased olfactory stimulation upon social play was investigated in male and female juvenile Wistar rats. One group of subjects was unilaterally deprived of olfactory input through the occlusion of a nasal pore by thermocauterization on postnatal day 3 (Experiment 1). In another group of animals the olfactory input was incre...
Article
Undernutrition alters facial motoneurons development. Here, we evaluated the plastic characteristics of facial motoneurons in response to neonatal rehabilitation. Prenatally undernourished rat pups derived from pregnant rats fed with 50% of the diet from gestational days G6 to G12, and with 60% of food from G13 to G21 and rehabilitated after birth...
Article
The effect of neonatal unilateral restriction or increased olfactory stimulation upon the development of social play behavior in Wistar strain rats was investigated. Pups were unilaterally thermocauterized in one of the nares on postnatal day 3 (experiment 1), or exposed to amyl acetate from 3 to 19 days of age (experiment 2). Unilateral odor depri...
Article
Full-text available
The facial nucleus (FN) of the rat is composed of multipolar neurons generated between gestational days G12 and G15. This nucleus is involved in the mechanisms underlying muscle contraction during the sucking reflex. After birth, the neuronal substrate of this reflex is gradually organized to allow the performance of other functions such as gnawing...
Article
Full-text available
The study examines the effects of two paradigms of neonatal food deprivation (daily mother-litter separation, Experiment 1 or nipple-ligation of mothers, Experiment 2) associated or not to early sensory stimulation (daily handling or the exposure to an enriched sensory environment) during the pre-weaning period of Wistar strain female rats. The eff...
Article
Alterations in the sucking activity of neonatally undernourished Wistar strain pups were observed by using a surrogate nipple procedure. Rats, neonatally underfed by daily (12h) mother-litter separation in an incubator from days 1-16 postpartum, showed a significant reduction in the mean number of sucking bouts within a 10 min span, in the number o...
Article
The effects of neonatal food and sensory deprivation on the development of play social behavior were studied in Wistar strain rats between 20 to 60 days of age. Neonatal undernutrition was carried out by transferring daily (12h) the same half of the litter (n=4) to an incubator (28°C) from postnatal days 1 to 23, and followed by a normal diet until...
Article
The effects of neonatal food and sensory deprivation on play social behavior (boxing, wrestling, and pinning) were studied in male and female Wistar strain rats from 20 to 60 days of age. Data showed that the mean frequency of total play was markedly increased in neonatally underfed subjects. Play did also increase in the females and during the int...
Article
Golgi-Cox-impregnated neurons of the superior olivary complex were investigated in control, binaural ear-occluded control, undernourished, and binaural ear-occluded undernourished Wistar rats of 12, 20, and 30 days of age. In neonatally undernourished and binaural ear-occluded animals, a significant reduction in the number of dendrites and dendriti...
Article
The interaction between neonatal food deprivation and early sensory stimulation on four maternal behavioral components of Wistar strain rats was investigated. Dams neonatally underfed by daily mother-litter separation (Experiment 1), showed significant reductions in nest-rating and nursing time as well as increased retrieving latencies and self-gro...
Article
The purpose of this study was to show that the occurrence of skin ulcers observed in animals neonatally treated with the neurotoxin capsaicin coincide with trophic disturbances. In addition, cutaneous lesions increased when self-grooming and scratching behaviors reached maturity. The temporal course of cephalic cutaneous wounds in neonatally capsai...
Article
Full-text available
Swimming and self-grooming development were analyzed in experimental animals nursed by neonatally underfed dams by a method including the deprivation of both food and sensory cues which provoke long-term altered maternal behavior. Experimental animals obtained from these dams manifested a significant retardation in physical growth, as evidenced by...
Article
The aim of the study was to investigate how neonatal undernutrition interacts with mother-infant relationships to interfere with the expression of the urogenital response in the newborn. The hyperextensive reflex components associated to the urogenital response (HUR) were measured between postnatal days 1-21, in control and neonatally undernourishe...
Article
Golgi-Cox-impregnated neurons of the claustrum were studied in control and undernourished Wistar strain rats at 12, 20, and 40 days of age. A reduced cross-sectional somatic area was observed in the 20-day-old undernourished rats and a significant reduction in the dendritic area was observed in the three ages studied. Dendritic arbor alteration was...
Article
Interaction between neonatal undernutrition and the increased self-grooming activity upon hair growth of several body areas was analyzed in rats of 10, 20 and 30 days of age. Light microscopic observations on methylene blue impregnated hairs showed that these perinatal influences delayed the growth of hair follicles and thickness and length of hair...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
La respuesta de la rata recién nacida al estrés no existe o es muy pobre, lo que permite el neonato pueda tolerar extremos de temperatura ambiental, desnutirición, hambre y dolor, que eventualmente pueden presentarse por ausencia de la madre. ...
Article
The effect of a single dose of capsaicin administered neonatally on the development of six motor behavioral patterns (scratching, rearing, grooming, searching, remaining still, and sniffing) was examined in Wistar rats. Treated animals exhibited a significant increment in scratching, rearing, grooming, and searching. Capsaicin also provoked precoci...
Article
Pain threshold was determined in female rats using the tail flick test. Latency to respond depended on the locus of the tail heated, with the most distal sites resulting in the shortest response times (Experiment 1). Tail flick latency also varied according to the time of day, with shorter response times recorded around the middle of the dark phase...
Article
Golgi-Cox-stained bipolar cells of the medial superior olive (MSO) were analyzed in control and undernourished Wistar strain rats at 12, 20, 30 and 40 days of age. Undernutrition significantly reduced the number of dendrites and the extension of ipsilateral dendritic prolongations, with no effects upon the cross-sectional somal area and minimal alt...
Article
This study describes the morphology of neurons from the basolateral (ABL), central (ACE), and medial (AM) nuclei of the amygdaloid complex in neonatally undernourished (U) and control (C) Wistar strain rats. The cells were impregnated with the Golgi-Cox technique and studied at the ages of 12, 20, and 40 days postnatally. In the U-pups the neurons...
Article
Golgi-Cox impregnated loci of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) of normal and neonatally T4-treated Wistar strain rats at 12, 20 and 30 days of age were analyzed. In a total of 120 TRN camera lucida drawings. The number of visible neurons, the area and the maximal transverse TRN length were quantitated. T4-treated rats showed a significant incre...
Article
The effect of neonatal undernutrition on six different self-grooming components was examined in male rats during the pre- and postweaning periods. Rats underfed by the maternal nipple-ligation procedure before weaning did not exhibit significant score differences in the various self-grooming measurements. In contrast, after weaning they showed a si...
Article
The dietary quality of several generations of inhabitants living in the Valley of Mexico City, was examined on the light of recent information obtained from experimental undernutrition studies. Socioeconomic status and environmental limitations were also considered. This essay proposes that some transgenerational effects described in animal models,...
Article
The effects of acute and chronic toluene exposure on the hypnotic effect, the righting reflex latencies and the blood and tissue toluene contents were studied in rats during development. The data showed a progressive significant prolongation of the hypnotic effect latencies until the third and fourth postnatal weeks, followed by a significant conti...
Article
The electrocortical effects provoked by neonatal undernutrition and the environmental sensorial stimuli were studied in the cortical association areas of developing Wistar rats. When the interaction between these two factors was interfered (Experiment 1), the average frequency of the ECoG in the early starved rats was significantly increased than c...
Article
The effects of intraperitoneal thyroxine administration (1 microgram/body weight) on postnatal days 1-3 and the subsequent alterations upon the development of six self-grooming components were measured postnatally in male Wistar rats between days 1-60. Observations on self-grooming components showed that thyroxine-treated rats did not show consiste...
Article
A Golgi-Cox study was conducted in neurons of the reticular and lateralis thalamic nuclei in normally and early undernourished Wistar rats at 12, 20, and 30 days of age. In a total of 630 neurons the cell body and the dendritic field areas, as well as the number of dendritic prolongations from camera lucida drawings were quantitated. A general and...
Article
The effects of neonatal toluene exposure on the development of cortical evoked responses to sciatic nerve and light stimulation, as well as the spontaneous Electrocorticogram (ECoG) of frontal and occipital regions, were studied in rats at different developmental ages. The major findings following the solvent exposure were a significant prolongatio...
Article
The effect of early food and sensory deprivation on the maternal responsiveness of female rats was investigated. Animals that were neonatally undernourished by daily mother-litter separation (involving both food and sensory deprivation) showed significant deficits in maternal care, consisting of a reduction in nest rating, nursing time, and retriev...
Article
Rats were exposed to toluene twice a day for a period of 15 minutes on Days 2 through 32 of postnatal life. The subsequent effects upon swimming ability, escape latency from water, locomotor activity and physical development were evaluated. Maturation of swimming behavior and physical development were delayed about 3-4 days in experimental animals....
Article
Unilateral electrolytic lesions of the amygdaloid nucleus were made in rats during development to study the timing of sequential connectivity. The patterns of neural degeneration were detected by the Fink-Heimer technique and light microscopy. The main projections were to the accumbens, caudate, septal area, habenula, hypothalamus, cingulum, thalam...
Article
Small electrolytic lesions were placed on the head of the caudate nucleus of kittens between 8 and 21 days postnatally and in adult cats. Coronal sections of the whole brain were studied under the light microscope with the Fink and Heimer staining method. Degenerating axon terminals could be recognized after a survival period of 30 h for kittens an...
Article
Rats were exposed to paint thinner twice a day for a period of 10 minutes on Days 1 through 30 of postnatal life. The subsequent effects upon physical development, swimming ability and escape latency from water were evaluated. Maturation of swimming behavior and general physical development were delayed about 2-4 days in the experimental animals co...
Article
Restricted food intake in male rats between birth and 20 days of age reduced the density of spines of layer V pyramidal cells in the frontal, parietal and occipital cortices. The loss of dendritic spines was more marked in pyramidal cell areas receiving projections from nonspecific multisynaptic systems than in cell areas associated with specific a...
Article
Using cortical evoked potentials and number of dendritic spines as indicators of degree of neocortical maturation, the effects produced by an excess of thyroxine early in life were studied in rats. Before Day 20 postnatally, thyroxine caused shortened mean peak latencies, advanced the organization of the configuration of potentials, caused higher a...
Article
The effect of early malnutrition on the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of the rat was studied at eight different developmental stages. Gross observations of the ECoG records indicated that the normal ECoG activity developed from the fifth day; its characteristics consisted of low amplitude slow waves in the 1–15 cps range with a dominant frequency rangi...
Article
The large cortical pyramidal cells of layer V of the frontal and occipital areas have been examined with Golgi staining in normal and malnourished infant rats.The number of spines, the basilar dendritic density and the dendritic thickness were significantly reduced in the group of starved rats. The functional significance of these findings is discu...
Article
Taking the evoked responses as indicators of CNS maturation, the effects of neonatal starvation on cortical evoked activity were studied in rats at different ages during development. Early malnutrition delayed the electrophysiological development of both primary and secondary responses, with the effects upon the secondary slow potentials being more...