Manuel Martín-Martín

• University of Alicante

In the Betic-Rif Cordilleras, recent works have evidenced the existence of well-developed Eocene (Ypresian-Bartonian) carbonate platforms rich in Larger Benthic Foraminifera (LBF). Contrarily to other sectors of the western Tethys, like the Pyrenean domain in the North Iberian Margin, where these platforms started in the early Ypresian (Ilerdian),...

In the Betic-Rif Cordilleras, recent works have evidenced the existence of well-developed Eocene (Ypresian-Bartonian) carbonate platforms rich in Larger Benthic Foraminifera (LBF). Contrarily to other sectors of the western Tethys, as the Pyrenean domain in the North Iberian Margin where these platforms started in the early Ypresian (Ilerdian), in...

An interactive 3D visualization of stratigraphic and structural architecture of the Crotone Basin, has been tested by using an open-source Python libraries for machine learning KNN and linear interpolation algorithms, together with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A preliminary test was performed within the onshore-offshore Crotone area (south...

The 3D modeling and representation of geological data have experienced significant growth within last years, due to the use of new technologies derived from advancements in land representation methods. These technologies enable interactive, intuitive and clear geological visualizations. This paper shows how, by using the open-source Python software...

A synthesis of Cenozoic detrital suites from the Internal Betic-Rif Cordilleras is discussed in relations with major paleotectonic phases during growth of orogenic belts. The discussion has been focused on the Malaguide and Ghomaride complexes that have a Cenozoic sedimentary detritic cover. The heterogeneous petrographic composition of coarse detr...

This paper introduces a Python application for visualizing an imbricate thrust system. The application uses the traditional geologic information to create an HTML geological map with real topography and a set of geological cross-sections with the essential structural and stratigraphic elements. On the basis of the high geological knowledge gained d...

No existe un inventario exhaustivo oficial de Sitios de Interés Geológico (SGI) en Marruecos. El Servicio Geológico de Marruecos ha promovido en los últimos unos años iniciativas para identificar estos sitios y las ha publicado, en 9 volúmenes, en forma de guías geológicas y mineras de Marruecos. Esta iniciativa sólo se limitaba a identificar los S...

The widely debated late Oligocene-middle Miocene Numidian Fm (NF) consists of supermature quartzose sediments deposited in the Maghrebian Flysch Basin (MFB) outcropping from the Betic Cordillera to the Southern Apennine passing by the Maghrebian Chain. The NF is commonly composed of three lithostratigraphic members and is characterized by two verti...

The Cenozoic sedimentary cover from the Ghomaride Complex (Internal Rif Belt) has been studied in the Tetuan area (N Morocco) where a suite of sedimentary successions from shallow-marine to deep-marine environments crops out. For that purpose stratigraphic relations and petrological and geochemical signatures have been analyzed. Sandstone suites of...

The changing nature of detrital signatures in clastic wedges of the Circum-Mediterranean orogenic systems reflect the provenance relations from different source rocks of evolving geo-puzzle terranes, including ophiolite bearing, uplifted continental crust (both shallow to deep crust terranes), volcanic and sedimentary source rocks. We selected here...

The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm is a non-parametric supervised machine learning classifier; which uses proximity and similarity to make classifications or predictions about the grouping of an individual data point. This ability makes the KNN algorithm ideal for classifying datasets of geological variables and parameters prior to 3D visualiz...

Two main groups of geological models on paleogeographic and kinematic Alpine evolution of the central-western Mediterranean area presented in the last decades were compared. One interpretation provides for a single Mesozoic Tethyan Ocean, located between Africa and Europe and from which both Eo-Alpine and Neo-Alpine chains derived during Cretaceous...

Salobreña consist of a touristic area with a typical Andalusian white town built on a hill and crowned with a Castle from the medieval era of Moors occupation. The urban area is bordered by fields of tropical crops and fruit trees that, together with its location by the sea, confer on Salobreña a beautiful postcard. These features, as a whole, are...

The coastal strip between the Volta River delta and the westernmost portion of Benin (West Africa Margin of Atlantic Basin) is highly populated (e.g., Lomé) due to migrations from inland areas. The coastal zone has proved to be very vulnerable because of the potential development of sometimes catastrophic events related to different and interacting...

A study of the paleoenvironmental evolution of the middle Eocene platforms recognized in the westernmost Tethys has been carried out in the well exposed middle Eocene succession from Sierra Espuña-Mula basin (Betic Cordillera, S Spain). Eight microfacies (Mf1 to Mf8) have been recognized, based mainly on fossil assemblages (principally larger benth...

The Cenozoic Malaguide Basin from Sierra Espuña (Internal Betic Zone, S Spain) due to the quality of outcropping, areal representation, and continuity in the sedimentation can be considered a key-basin. In the last 30 years, a large number of studies with very different methodological approaches have been done in the area. Models indicate an evolut...

Four main unconformities (1–4) were recognized in the sedimentary record of the Cenozoic basins of the eastern External Betic Zone (SE, Spain). They are located at different stratigraphic levels, as follows: (1) Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, even if this unconformity was also recorded at the early Paleocene (Murcia sector) and early Eocene (Alican...

The Cenozoic sedimentary cover of the Malaguide Complex (Internal Betic Cordillera, Spain), in the Almería and Málaga areas, consists of a suite of sedimentary successions from continental and shallow-marine to deep-marine environments. Structural and stratigraphic relations, and petrological and geochemical signatures reveal the sedimentary evolut...

In the last 40 years, several models based on very different methodological approaches have been proposed to interpret the complex geodynamic evolution of the central-western Mediterranean area and, in particular, of the Cenozoic basins. The persistence of numerous interpretations and still-open problems resulted in the proliferation of very differ...

El Parque Nacional de Talassemtane (TNP), recogido en la lista tentativa de Marruecos para su nominación como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO, se caracteriza por su gran biodiversidad y está integrado en la Reserva de la Biosfera Intercontinental del Mediterráneo. Aunque las autoridades están muy interesadas en la puesta en valor y protecc...

Two main groups of geological models presented over the last four decades on the palaeogeographic, paleotectonic and geodynamic eo-Alpine and neo-Alpine evolution of the central-western Mediterranean area were compared. The comparison was carried out mainly considering the main stratigraphic, sedimentological, petrographic, structural and plate tec...

High amounts of Chattian-Langhian orogenic magmatism have generated volcaniclastic deposits that are interbedded within the penecontemporaneous sedimentary marine successions in several central-western peri-Mediterranean chains. These deposits are widespread in at least 41 units of different basins located in different geotectonic provinces: (1) th...

Subsidence analysis is an important technique in the study of sedimentary basins but the effects of compaction must be “backstripped”. The compaction of sediments is also of importance for petroleum and water reservoir research with very important economic derivations. Most methods for calculating compaction are based on empirically derived porosit...

Mesozoic lithological successions of the Alborán domain record two rifting events. An initial Triassic rifting stage is characterized by thick stratigraphic successions showing typical Alpine facies, both siliciclastic and carbonatic, respectively deposited in continental to coastal and shallow to moderately deep marine environments. A second rifti...

The studied Cenozoic sedimentary successions consist of deposits from continental/shallow-water to deep-marine environments of the Malaguide Complex (Betic Cordillera) outcropping in the Sierra Espuña area (SE Spain). The aim of this study is to characterize the composition, source area(s) provenance and weathering processes of these sedimentary su...

A hydrological-economic model is introduced to describe the dynamics of groundwater-dependent economics (agriculture and tourism) for sustainable use in sparse-data drylands. The Amtoudi Oasis, a remote area in southern Morocco, in the northern Sahara attractive for tourism and with evidence of groundwater degradation, was chosen to show the model...

Medieval fortified granaries known as “agadirs” are very common in southern Morocco, being catalogued as world cultural heritage by United Nations. These Berber buildings (made of stones and tree trunks) usually located on rocky promontories, constitute historical testimonials related to the origin of Morocco, and, as tourist attractions, have a po...

Interdisciplinary studies combining field data (geological and tectonic mapping, lithostratigraphic reconstructions, lithofacies characterization, correlations and sampling) and laboratory analyses (biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, clay mineralogy and sandstone petrography) of eight Senonian-Paleogene successions from the Sierra de La Pila and...

Sandstone petrography and mudstone mineralogy and geochemistry of Triassic mudstones and sandstones from continental redbeds of the Malaguide Complex (Betic Cordillera, southern Spain) provide useful information on provenance, palaeoclimate and geodynamics during the early stages of the Pangea break-up, and on their diagenetic evolution. The sandst...

Abstract: The sedimentary record of the Tarcău and Vrancea Nappes, belonging to the flysch accretionary zone of the Eastern Carpathians (Eastern Carpathian Outer Flysch), registered Cretaceous-Miocene events during the evolution of the Moldavidian Basin. Our biostratigraphic data indicate that the deposits studied are younger than previously report...

The Kasbahs of Chellah and Oudayas (world cultural heritage) are the most important archaeological Roman and Islamic sites of the imperial city Rabat (Morocco). Submitted to natural hazards and environmental aggressions, these monuments have undergone marked degradation, visible on all sides. An interdisciplinary analysis involving different geolog...

Compositional and chemical analyses suggest that Middle Triassic-Lower Liassic continental redbeds (in the internal domains of the Betic, Maghrebian, and Apenninic chains) can be considered a regional lithosome marking the Triassic-Jurassic rift-valley stage of Tethyan rifting, which led to the Pangaea breakup and subsequent development of a mosaic...

In this paper, we present the results of the stratigraphic and structural study of the Orihuela and Callosa Mountains (Alicante province, SE Spain), belonging to the Internal Betic Zone. The terrains cropping out in this area had been assigned by previous authors to the Ballabona-Cucharón Complex, lately redefi ned as the Almágride Complex. New dat...

\The Anisian-Camian Verrucano Group of the Tuscan Metamorphic Units and the Triassic-Hettangian Pseudoverrucano Formation of the homonymous unit are mainly continental redbeds occurring in Tuscany at the base of the Alpine orogenic cycle. A study carried out throughout the Apennine, Maghrebian and Betic Chains emphasized the presence in all these o...

The evolution of the oceanic Maghrebian Flysch Basin and its continuation in the Southern Apennines was studied by reconstructing mainly representative stratigraphic successions. In all sectors a common evolution has been identified. Rifting and drifting phases are indicated by remnants of oceanic crust, Jurassic limestones, Cretaceous–Palaeogene t...

The Calabria–Peloritani Arc southern terrane is a stack of crystalline basement nappes, some of them provided with a widely outcropping Alpine sedimentary cover, sealed by clastics of the Stilo–Capo d’Orlando Formation (SCOF). New field observations in the Stilo area lead to define a Pignolo Formation as a sedimentary cycle predating the emplacemen...

No formal formations have been defined taking into account the structural deformation and low quality of the Paleocene outcroppings open platform sediments from the High Chain area (Interna1 Subbetic, Málaga Province). Nevertheless, the better series are indicated, and a division in two depositional sequences are proposed: Lower Paleocene Depositio...

New studies have been carried out on the Tertiary of the Stilo Unit, the uppermost of the Calabria-Peloritani Arc southern sector, and the Stilo-Capo d'Orlando Formation, sealing the whole nappe stack. The Tertiary terrains linked to the Mesozoic cover of the Stilo Unit consist of the lowermost Oligocene Palizzi Formation and the Late Rupelian-Aqui...

The Oligo-Aquitanian deposits of the Mula-Pliego basin consist of a marine carbonate platform assemblage (bottom), transitioning into a turbidite wedge (top). This evolution was controlled by tectonics in a piggy-back basin by means of three main mechanisms: first, a flexural tectonic event created the basin; later on, blind-fault-propagation folds...

The clay mineralogy of a set of Tertiary marine sediments from the Internal Subbetic of the Betic External Zone was examined. Two types of sedimentary environment were distinguished: a platform environment consisting of limestones, marls organogenic limestones, conglomerates and silexites distributed heterogeneously in time and space; and deep envi...

During the Eocene in the Corbie Áres±Minervois foreland basin, southern France, there was a transition from marine carbonate to ¯uvial±lacustrine sedimentation. This evolution took place in six depositional sequences, the ®rst controlled by a eustatic rise or ¯exural downwarping, then following under compressive tectonic conditions. The second to t...

The Internal-External Zone boundary (IEZB) in the eastern Betic Cordillera partially coincides with the Cadiz-Alicante Accident, mainly a major transcurrent fault of N060E direction. The study of an area located along the IEZB at a point where it separates from the Cadiz-Alicante accident has provided details concerning the geodynamic evolution of...

En la parte sur de Sierra Espuña existen cinco unidades tectónicas, la superior del complejo Maláguide, debajo tres de carácter intermedio y en posición inferior una unidad alpujárride. Varias escamas tectónicas descritas en anteriores trabajos dentro de la unidad maláguide no existen sino que corresponden alternancias puramente estratigráficas. El...

The Malaguide-Ghomaride Complex is capped by Upper Oligocene-Aquitanian clastic deposits postdating early Alpine orogenesis but predating the main tectonic-metamorphic evolution, end of nappe emplacement, unroofing, and exhumation of the metamorphic units of the Betic-Rif Orogen. Two conglomerate intervals within these deposits are characterized by...

There are five tectonic units in the south part of Sierra Espuña; The upper one belongs to the Malaguide Complex, below there are three units of an intermediate character between the Malaguide and Alpujarride complexes, and in the lowest position exists one Alpujarride unit. Several thrust sheets, formely distinguished in previous papers, affecting...

The mapping, lithostratigraphical analysis and palaeontological dating of the Tertiary formations of the Malaguide Complex in Sierra Espuna allow us to define the As Formation and to recognize its tectonic position. This formation is made of conglomerates, sandstones and lithoclastic limestones, mainly characterized by the generalized presence of r...

Sierra Espuña is located in the Eastern Betic Cordillera. The contact between the Malaguide Complex (Internal Betic Zone) and the External Betic Zone cropouts in this area. Sierra Espuña area is a great antiformal stack that is followed by a great synforme (Mula-Pliego Depression). In the upper part of the Malaguide Complex, two nappes, with numero...

Sierra Espuna is located in the Eastern Betic Cordillera. The contact between the Malaguide Complex (Internal Betic Zone) and the External Betic Zone cropouts in this area. Sierra Espuna area is a great antiformal stack that is followed by a great synform (Mula-Pliego Depression). In the upper part of the Malaguide Complex, two nappes, with numerou...

The character and timing of deformation along the Internal-External Zone Boundary in the Betic Cordillera, Spain has under discussion over the three last decades. This paper believes that the Boundary was only active at the end of the early Burdigalian, whereas in the late Burdigalian to Serravalian times, the Internal-External Zone Boundary was on...

New biostratigraphic data on calcareous nannoplankton and larger foraminifera of the Tertiary of the Malaguide Complex in the Sierra Espuña area show the presence of previously unknown Upper Eocene sediments. The timing of the deformation in the Malaguide Complex of the Sierra Espuña area is analysed, and a Late Oligocene to Late Aquitanian age is...

A lower Burdigalian clayey-turbiditic formation lying on the Beni Hozmar Ghomaride nappe has been found at Boujarrah (NNE of Tetouan). It shows very different facies, deeper than those of the older Fnideq formation. The new data corroborate, in the Rif, the existence of two sedimentary cycles within the 'Oligo-Miocene' successions of the Betic-Rifi...

In this paper, we present the results of the stratigraphic and structural study of the Orihuela and Callosa Mountains (Alicante prov- ince, SE Spain), belonging to the Internal Betic Zone. The terrains cropping out in this area had been assigned by previous authors to the Ballabona-Cucharón Complex, lately redefi ned as the Almágride Complex. New d...

The knowledge of the stratigraphical Quaternary materials architecture from the Llobregat Delta has deepened by means of stratigraphic correlation using sedimentological and lithological criteria. For it, data from more than 500 mechanical borehole columns have been used, allowing the construction of several vertical and horizontal geological cross...