Manuel Aviles

Universidad de Sevilla | US · Departamento de Agronomía

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae and Macrophomina phaseolina are soilborne fungi leading impactful economical losses to strawberry growers worldwide. Symptoms caused by both pathogens are very similar and include vascular discoloration, wilting, stunting, and dieback of plants, but no fruit damage. An extraction of phenolic and volatile compound...

The imminent removal of agrochemicals in Europe is directly affecting the strawberry sector in Spain, specifically in the Huelva Province. Huelva is currently the main producer in the country. The lack of efficient fumigants has led to the rise of soilborne diseases. Macrophomina phaseolina (the causal agent of charcoal rot in strawberries) is gene...

Fusarium wilt is one of the most widespread diseases in carnation crops in a large number of countries. Plant protection products commonly used to remedy the disease have been considered ineffective and environmentally unsafe for commercial use. As an alternative, the use of suppressive growth media has been proposed. The aim of this study was to e...

Waterborne diseases pose a significant risk in hydroponic crops, especially those caused by some species such as Fusarium, Pythium and Phytophthora. However, there is evidence of an increase in suppressiveness when using aquaculture effluents, as is the case with aquaponic systems. In this work, the incidence of diseases in hydroponic and aquaponic...

Huelva (Spain) is the largest European producer of blueberry for early spring harvest. Blueberry fields in Huelva are intensively cultured. Canker or stem blight of blueberry and the resultant twig dieback caused mostly by botryosphaeriaceous species has become a serious problem throughout blueberry producing areas worldwide; although the presence...

• The genes required for host-specific pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum can be acquired through horizontal chromosome transfer (HCT). However, it is unknown if HCT commonly contributes to the diversification of pathotypes. • Using comparative genomics and pathogenicity phenotyping, we explored the role of HCT in the evolution of F. oxysporum f....

Two hundred and twenty-five Diaporthe isolates were collected from 2005 to 2019 in almond orchards showing twig cankers and shoot blight symptoms in five different regions across Spain. Multilocus DNA sequence analysis with five loci (ITS, tub, tef-1α, cal and his), allowed the identification of four known Diaporthe species, namely: D. amygdali, D....

Soil microorganisms may play a pivotal role in the uptake of Fe and other micronutrients by plants. However, direct evidence of the effects of changes in microbial community structure on micronutrient availability to plants is scant. In this work, we hypothesized that shifts in microbial community structure and diversity in soil influence Fe availa...

Earthworms are soil invertebrates that play an important environmental role and are often referred to as “ecosystem engineers”. These invertebrates can influence several organisms, from microscopic life forms to plants. Although many works had reported positive effects of earthworms on plant growth, studies combining these invertebrates and soil pa...

Purpose The effect on P uptake by plants after inoculation with P-mobilizing microorganisms may be modulated by soil properties, including natural microbiota. However, to put this theory into practical use, research is needed to shed new light on the soil factors which affect the capability of improving P nutrition in plants. The aim of this study...

Strawberry Fusarium wilt is becoming an important disease after methyl bromide banning. In southwestern Spain, this disease was previously detected in a soilless culture system and several years later only one isolation was reported from plant cultivated in soil. This study reports the appearance of new foci of strawberry Fusarium wilt in plants cu...

The aims of this study were to assess the potential suppressive effects of different olive mill composts on Verticillium wilt and to elucidate the suppressive mechanisms. To this end, four olive mill composts from different crop areas with two maturation levels were selected. After conducting the Verticillium wilt bioassays in cotton, the suppressi...

Rhizospheric microorganisms can increase P availability to plants. The objective of this work was to elucidate the effects of two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and biocontrol agents (Bacillus subtilis QST713 and B. Amyloliquefaciens FZB24), a biocontrol agent (the fungus Trichoderma asperellum T34), and Aspergillus niger CBS513.88 on P uptak...

The contribution of Trichoderma asperellum T34 to the plant uptake of phosphorus (P) from sparingly phytoavailable forms such as insoluble calcium (Ca) phosphates and phytates was studied. Two experiments with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) on siliceous sand were performed involving two factors, namely: (i) P source, viz., KH2PO4, phytate (Ins6P), a...

Thediversity of races and prevalence of pathogenic populations of Fusariumoxysporumf. sp. dianthi (Fod) were surveyed in an area in southern Spain. From 54 farms, 132 isolates were collected from wilted carnation plants. Isolates were characterized by RAPDPCR, DNA sequence analysis of the TEF1-𝛼 gene, and race-specific molecular markers. Selected i...

The diversity of races and prevalence of pathogenic populations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (Fod) were surveyed in an area in southern Spain. From 54 farms, 132 isolates were collected from wilted carnation plants. Isolates were characterized by RAPD-PCR, DNA sequence analysis of the TEF1 - α gene, and race-specific molecular markers. Sele...

In Europe, chestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr was first seen in Italy in 1938 (1). In Spain, the disease was first detected in Basque country in 1947 and later in other areas of northern Spain: Galicia, León, Navarra, and Catalonia, and in Trás-os-Montes in Portugal (2). In November 2012, in an orchard (2 ha) in Almon...

Inoculation with biocontrol agents can affect iron (Fe) uptake by plants. The objective of this research was to study the necessity of defining a Fe threshold in growth media for the inoculation with the biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum T34. A completely randomized experiment with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was performed involving two fac...

Suppressive composts are a viable alternative to fungicides for biologically controlling diseases of plants grown in pots. However, not all composts suppress plant diseases, and the range of pathogens affected and level of suppression vary. Moreover, the formulation of composts is sometimes necessary in order to improve their physical and chemical...

Diseases caused by Verticillium dahliae in crops such as artichokes, sunflowers, peaches, tomatoes, peppers, olives and cotton are of varying importance in Spain. Certain composts have the capacity to suppress plant diseases while minimizing organic waste and they thus lead to a reduction in the use of fertilizers and fungicides in crop production....

Composted residues from different agricultural industries that are used as plant growth media have been shown to suppress different plant diseases. Those media are: cork compost (used alone or mixed with rice hulls); grape marc compost; olive marc and cotton gin trash (2/3, v/v) composted and mixed with rice hulls (1/1,v/v); and spent mushroom comp...

A field survey conducted in September 2009 at five plantations of six different cultivars of southern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) in Huelva, Spain, yielded 35 diseased plants. Diseased plants exhibited red-brown cankers and stem dieback. Blueberry cultivation in Huelva rose from 290 ha in 2007 to 777 ha in 2012, and the increase of these...

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), one of the most widely grown vegetables worldwide, is susceptible to root rot caused by Phytophthora capsici. Many biocides have recently been banned in Europe because of human health and environmental concerns. Integrated pest management is a European priority, where biological control together with other agronomic pra...

The fungus Trichoderma asperellum T34 is a biological control agent which has been shown to enhance Fe uptake by plants. The objective of this research was to study the contribution of T34 to Fe availability to cucumber plants in soils and how this potential supply can be affected by soil properties and in particular, by soil microbial activity. To...

Composts produced from different types of agricultural residues can be a suitable material for growth media or for use in field soils as amendment. The use of these composts in soilless growing systems (SGS) can improve sustainability. Using a randomized complete block design with three replicates, three growth media were compared in three soilless...

To study the process of composting of grape marc and test the resulting compost as a substrate for the cultivation of ornamental plants, six composting processes, with mixtures of dealcoholised grapevine marc and grape stalk (DM + GS) in a 1:1 ratio (v:v), were carried out in Seville (Spain) between 2000 and 2006. The duration of the composting ran...

An experiment was conducted to study the potential of compost made from dealcoholised grapevine marc and grape stalk (GM) as growing medium component in plug seedlings production of lettuce, tomato, pepper and melon. Four media were prepared: GM, a commercial peatmoss-based plug medium (Pt), used as control, and two GM + Pt mixtures (1:1 and 1:2, v...

Soil tillage significantly affects organic carbon accumulation, microbial biomass, and subsequently enzymatic activity in surface soil. Microbial activity in soil is a crucial parameter contributing to soil functioning, and thus a basic quality factor for soil. Since enzymes remain soil after excretion by living or disintegrating cells, shifts in t...

The behaviour of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) and the effectiveness of the microbial control agent Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 were examined in hydroponically grown tomato plants under five ammonium/nitrate ratios. The results showed that disease severity was reduced by the action of T34 under increasing concentrations of ammoni...

Two biological control practices are the use of suppressive growing media and the application of biological control agents (BCAs). The goals of this study were: (i) to screen 584 potential BCAs obtained from Fusarium wilt (FW) suppressive growing media; (ii) to evaluate in greenhouse conditions selected BCAs in three growing media with different de...

The aim of this research was to study the effect of different growth media on the microbiologic characteristics in rhizosphere of strawberry plants in closed soilless growing systems. We used 3 substrates: composted cork and rice hulls (CC) (1:1 v:v), peat (P) and coir fiber (CF). Chemical variables and microbial community profile of the growth med...

The aim of this research was to study the effect of different growth media on the microbiologic characteristics in rhizosphere of strawberry plants in closed soilless growing systems. We used 3 substrates: composted cork and rice hulls (CC) (1:1 v:v), peat (P) and coir fiber (CF). Chemical variables and microbial community profile of the growth med...

Con el objetivo de evaluar el uso de distintos métodos de control biológico contra enfermedades fúngicas de césped en campos de golf se realizó un ensayo en bandejas de alveolos en invernadero donde se sembró Agrostis stolonifera en arena mezclada con turba. Los patógenos a controlar fueron Rhizoctonia solani y Sclerotium rolfsii. Los tratamientos...

Closed (recirculating) growing systems provide a greater potential for the dispersal of water-borne plant pathogens and disease expression compared to open (run-to-waste) systems. Here we studied the effects of three soilless growing systems (open, closed, and closed with slow sand filtration) on the dispersion of Phytophthora cactorum propagules a...

Suppressive composts are viable alternative growth media for the biological control of plant diseases. To adapt the physical properties of these composts to growth conditions, formulation is sometimes required and consequently their suppressive capacity is reduced. Green house experiments show that plant growth medium based on grape marc compost (c...

Rhizosphere microbes may enhance nutrient uptake by plants. Here we studied the effect of Trichoderma asperellum inoculation on the uptake of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn by wheat (Triticum aestivum L) grown in a calcareous medium. To this end, an experiment involving two factors, namely Fe enrichment (ferrihydrite enrichment and non-enrichment of the growin...

The production of chelating compounds (siderophores) by microorganisms increases Fe availability to plants. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of Trichoderma asperellum strain 134, a commercially available biocontrol agent, on Fe availability to white lupin (Lupinus albus L). To this end, experiments involving three factors [vi...

Fresas Nuevos Materiales S.A. initiated a breeding program in 2002 to develop strawberry cultivars resistant to Colletotrichum spp. and adapted to the Southern Spain conditions. Some preliminary work was done during the seasons 2002/3 and 2003/4 resulting 101 first-year selections. During the seasons 2004/5, 2005/6 and 2006/7 were made 31, 26 and 2...

The presence of the soil-borne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina which causes crown and root rot of strawberries has recently been reported in Huelva, Spain. The response toward this pathogen of the cultivars: 'Camarosa', 'Candonga' and 'Ventana' (the most common strawberry cultivars planted in this area) was characterized by artificial inoculation un...

Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 has been reported to control the disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) on tomato plants. To study the importance of iron concentration in the growth media for the activity and competitiveness of T34 and the pathogen, we tested four iron concentrations in the nutrient solution [1, 10, 100, and...

The dispersion of soilborne plant pathogens could be greater in closed soilless growing systems than in open ones .The effect of three soilless growing systems (open, closed and closed with slow sand filtration) on the dispersion of Verticilli - um dahliae propagules and the severity of the disease in strawberry (Fragaria ◊ ananassa Duch.) has been...

Fusarium wilt is now a major disease of carnation crops worldwide. Methyl bromide, which is used to remedy it, is environmentally unsafe. An alternative approach integrated into biological control is to grow crops in suppressive media. Suppressiveness of seven plant growth media to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi was evaluated in bioassays with c...

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of sanitized (Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digested, ATAD) and non-sanitized (Anaerobic Mesophile Digested) sewage sludge on the activity and functional diversity of soil microbial community and the physiology of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Piquillo). ATAD and anaerobic m...

The incidence/severity of soil-borne plant diseases is often reduced when composts are used as growth media. However, much less information is available about the effects of composts on the development of foliar diseases. Here we studied the suppressive capacity of five composts (from olive marc-cotton gin trash, grape marc, cork, spent mushroom an...

Using composts in agriculture to minimize organic wastes and to reduce the addition of fertilizers and fungicides in crop production is highly effective. Our results show that among those tested composts aged 0.5–1 year, cork compost reduced diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani in cucumber plants (53% of diseased plants) in comparison to peat (up...

It is important to know about the mechanisms that suppress plant diseases when compost from vegetable residues and/or their liquid extracts (compost tea) are used in order to improve the efficiency of this suppressing effect on pathogens. In this study, we assessed the presence of siderophores in various grape marc aerated compost teas (ACT) and th...

Fusarium wilts are economically important diseases for which there are no effective chemical control measures. Biological control strategies are becoming efficient alternatives for controlling this disease. The suppressiveness to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 1 of grape marc compost and cork compost was evaluated in comparison to peat...

The microflora present in the nutrient solution of a closed soilless growing system (CSGS) is important for the suppression of root pathogens. In this experiment, the slow sand filtration (SSF) treatment was used on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants grown in CSGS to assess its efficacy for reducing the dispersion of Phytophthora cactoru...

Tomato Fusarium wilt suppressiveness of three growth media, with respect to peat and vermiculite, and the relationship between microbial populations of growth media in the severity of this pathogen were examined. The growth media evaluated were olive oil husk + cotton gin trash composted and mixed with rice husk (OC+R), spent mushroom composted and...

Cotton seedling damping-off is considered a disease complex, in which several pathogens can be involved. In SW Spain, postemergence damping-off seems to be mainly associated with Rhizoctonia solani and Thielaviopsis basicola, posing a serious limitation for crop, especially in cold springs. Ninety-seven commercial plots, where postemergence damping...

Resumen El compostaje de residuos orgánicos permite la recuperación de estos materiales para su utilización en el cultivo de plantas, bien sea para su incorporación en el suelo o como sustrato para el cultivo sin suelo, pudiendo algunos de ellos sustituir total o parcialmente el empleo de la turba. Los efectos supresores de composts obtenidos de co...

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilts are economically important diseases for which there are no effective chemical control measures. However, biological control and fertility management are becoming efficient alternatives for controlling this disease. Growth media formulated with composts that are able to suppress Fusarium wilt of tomato provide a control syste...

ABSTRACT

This work describes the granulometry of industrial cork residue (bark of Quercus suber L.) and its possible alteration during composting to eliminate the high content of phytotoxic substances. Because of the differences in density of the different-sized cork particles, expression of the granulometric distribution in relation to volume reflected the...

Static hydrological properties [aeration capacity, easily available water, reserve water, water release curves: θv(Ψm), and specific humidity curves] and dynamic hydrological properties (saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity) of substrates based on industrial cork residue (the bark of Quercus suber L.) and cork compost were studied. Samp...

During December 1999, root and stem rot was observed on greenhouse-grown cucumber (cvs. Albatros, Brunex, Acapulco, and Cerrucho) plants in Almeria, Spain, using rock wool cultures. The disease caused severe damage, estimated at a loss of up to 75% of the plants, in the first greenhouse affected; afterward, the disease was found in eight additional...

Se describen los resultados de dos prospecciones sobre Caída de plántulas de algodonero efectuadas en 1999 en 28 parcelas con historia de incidencia de la enfermedad en Andalucía occidental. En la prospección temprana se recogieron 401 plantas de rodales con problemas y se encontró una mayor incidencia de Rhizoctonia solani. En la tardía se recogie...

RESUMEN Los agentes de control biológico son microorganismos que deben ser capaces de establecerse en la rizosfera y la filosfera compitiendo con los microorganismos residentes, además de minimizar las enfermedades producidas por los patógenos, y adaptarse a un ambiente cambiante. Además, algunos de estos microorganismos activan en las plantas meca...