Manoj Kumar Singh

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Verified

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• MTech. PhD
• Professor (Assistant) at Shiv Nadar University

The building sector is the third-largest consumer of primary energy in Belgium. This is partly because of the high percentage of old buildings (buildings constructed before 1945) in its building stock. Existing international standards on thermal comfort focus primarily on new construction and commercial buildings but tend to overlook old buildings....

Thermal comfort study provides crucial information about thermal performance of naturally ventilated buildings. Humphreys and Auliciems comfort model uses indoor and outdoor temperatures to predict comfort temperatures. It is found that the comfort temperatures obtained by using these methods do not take into account the occupant behavioral adaptab...

Built environment is responsible for 60% of total energy consumption in European countries and 128 million BOE of primary energy in Belgium. The average energy consumption in the residential buildings of Belgium is 70% higher than the EU average and stands at 348 kW h/m(2)/year. Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) provides guidelines for e...

Thermal comfort standards ISO 7730 and ASHRAE 55-2004 are based on the experimental results conducted in climatic chambers and the adaptive opportunities are usually limited in these experiments. However, in naturally ventilated buildings, adaptive opportunities are not fixed and occupants always have the liberty to modify the opportunities in orde...

Efficient use of energy in buildings has become a necessity due to increasing heating and cooling energy demand. Degree-days are a versatile climatic indicator that can be used to estimate the heating and cooling energy requirement for a building. In this study, heating degree-days (HDD) and cooling degree-days (CDD) are estimated for warm and humi...

The research is to understand the thermal performance of non-air-conditioned Hostel rooms using building energy simulation, and through this, we would get to know about the comfort hours (temperature is between 18 0 C to 27 0 C) in the building throughout the year. The research is carried out by zoning and dimensioning the building. Modelling and i...

This study investigates the potential to enhance the thermal comfort of non-airconditioned hostel rooms in a university by applying building energy simulation techniques. As the global focus on indoor environmental quality (IEQ), energy consumption, and building energy efficiency grows, it is evident that these factors are interconnected and crucia...

This study presents a comprehensive study aimed at enhancing the thermal comfort of non-airconditioned hostel rooms at Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence using building energy simulation techniques. Building upon previous research that focused on understanding the thermal comfort levels in these hostel rooms, this study employs advanced simulations...

Heat waves continually intensify due to climate change, putting school children’s health and well-being at risk as they spend more time in warm environments. A field study was conducted to investigate the thermal comfort and CO2 concentration in three secondary schools in Malaysia. Field measurements in four classrooms at each school were carried o...

The desk fan as a personal thermal comfort (PTC) device remains an effective thermal adaptation method for office building applications, offering indoor thermal comfort to occupants. However, there are research gaps related to its effect on the skin temperature of office occupants. This study addresses these research gaps by conducting field measur...

Students in naturally ventilated school classrooms are exposed to warmer conditions for extended periods due to intensified heat waves brought on by global warming. This study aims to investigate thermal comfort and assess the overheating risk in three secondary schools in Malaysia. Four classrooms, which consist of students aged 13 to 16 years, we...

Driven by evolving lifestyles and the escalating demand for thermal comfort, Sri Lanka faces a critical absence of climate zone classifications necessary for constructing energy-efficient and climateresponsive buildings. This study addresses this gap by implementing bioclimatic zoning using a comprehensive 31-year weather dataset of 25 locations ac...

As heat waves increase in intensity and duration, the risk of heat exposure in dwellings in countries with mixed humid climates is expected to rise. The impact of heat waves on building performance has been extensively researched. However, building performance during concurrent heat waves and power outages needs further investigation to reduce the...

The study aimed to develop a holistic, evidence-based calibration strategy and define a hybrid step-by-step methodology for building thermal simulations during the warm season. The methodology was demonstrated using the thermal performance of a naturally ventilated single-family log house in a temperate climate. The calibration process was supporte...

Thermal comfort in the building affects occupants' health, productivity, and electricity use. Predicting occupants' thermal comfort in advance will be helpful. Nowadays, a widely used model for thermal comfort prediction is the predicted mean vote (PMV). However, studies have found discrepancies between PMV and thermal sensation votes. In this pape...

The utilization of a desk fan in the personal thermal comfort (PTC) method is a thermal adaptation that provides indoor comfort and energy-saving for office applications due to the high energy consumption of ACs in the HVAC sector. Researchers have conducted numerous studies on this utilization. However, the question of which wind direction provide...

This study aimed to identify the most effective passive design measures to prevent overheating in a log house in a temperate climate. The study was conducted with a calibrated thermal model under a future climate projection (SRES A2 scenario) utilising an EN 16798–1 adaptive comfort model for the building operated under free-run mode during summer....

Over last decade, performance of direct absorption solar collector (DASC) system has displayed better prospects than conventional surface absorption solar collector. More recently, nano-sized metallic particles have been introduced to enhance the optical signature of the working fluids and hence the overall thermal performance of DASC systems. Howe...

The building sector is considered to be one of the most energy-intensive sectors across the world. The building sector consumes about 40% of the world's primary energy and is responsible for a third of total CO2 emissions. Unprecedented high temperatures and heat waves experienced in many parts of India have disrupted everyday life and increased th...

Climate zoning is fundamental to improving building energy efficiency through bioclimatic design principles and passive design strategies. In Sri Lanka, buildings consume approximately 37 % of primary energy and about 33 % of total generated electricity. This study aims to carry out bioclimatic zoning and estimate the passive design potential for e...

The study deals with a three-storey log house located in the suburbs of Ljubljana, Slovenia (temperate climate). Firstly, the calibrated thermal model of the log house was defined. The calibrated model had an hourly NMBE between −2.12 % and 1.84 % and a CV(RMSE) between 3.16 % and 3.57 %. Then, the adaptive thermal comfort during the warmer part of...

In the context of climate change and global warming, the nexus between energy and buildings is self-explanatory. As per the ministry of statistics and program implementation, Govt. of India data, the primary energy consumption in the building sector is 37% of total primary energy consumption and about 24% to total CO2 emissions. It is evident from...

As a result of lifestyle changes, the energy requirement for thermal comfort has increased. To increase energy efficiency and reduce global warming, building design should consider the climate. An energy-efficient building code has been developed with the goal of reducing energy demand by 25%-40%. However, the code cannot be used because different...

Buildings not only provide shelter to the occupants but also security, safety and comfort, as well as signifying economic and socio-cultural status. The high energy intensity of buildings has become a matter of concern worldwide in the context of climate change and global warming. Adaptive comfort principles and guidelines afford greater design opp...

In the last few decades, building design has been shifting toward more energy-efficient and better-performing buildings. Although the main focus is usually on the reduction of energy use for the operation and construction of buildings, the awareness regarding the benefits of higher occupant comfort and health has shifted the focus toward a more hol...

The aim of this research is to develop an architectural style commensurate with the requirements of residential buildings in the hot and dry climate of Najran. The courtyard concept is one of the most important passive design strategies most in tune with the desert climate. The courtyard concept also meets the sociocultural requirements of the regi...

A seasonal adaptive thermal comfort study was done on university students in naturally ventilated dormitories in the composite climate zone of India. A total of 1462 responses were collected from the students during the field study spread over the autumn, winter, spring, and summer seasons of the academic year for 2018 and 2019. A “Right Here Right...

In the present research work, the authors investigated the seasonal thermal environment and thermal perception of university subjects in a naturally ventilated workshop building under the composite climate of India. Total 1460 subjective responses were collected during the field study in the year, 2019. In this research, Standard Effective Temperat...

Providing a comfortable thermal environment to workers for better health and productivity is one of the necessary conditions for sustainable industrial development. However, there is a dearth of field studies on the thermal comfort status and adaptation of workers in naturally ventilated industrial buildings across the world. Therefore, an adaptive...

Indoor thermal comfort is dynamic because of complex interactions between occupants, season-specific climatic parameters, and region-specific socio-cultural setup. A thermally comfortable environment is a key requirement for obtaining good classroom performance. Providing adequate thermal comfort is considered to be the greatest challenge in natura...

An adaptive thermal comfort study was carried for assessing the thermal comfort requirements of students working in naturally ventilated (NV) university workshop building in the composite climate of India over two seasons (Autumn and Winter). 1332 complete surveys, 516 and 816 from autumn and winter season, respectively were collected and analyzed....

In Pakistan, reinforced concrete frame houses are the most widely used and common construction technology. In a country that experiences extreme hot and cold seasons throughout the year, buildings need to be adaptable to the climate to improve the thermal comfort of the inhabitants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve thermal comfort in...

In India, there is a scarcity of field data reported on occupant's comfort preferences and expectations in multi-storey naturally ventilated (NV) hostel buildings over the last three decades. To fill the research gap, a field study of adaptive thermal comfort was carried out in twelve NV hostel buildings in a composite climate of India, six from ea...

The energy consumption and thermal comfort in buildings are heavily affected by weather conditions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the bioclimatic potential of Algerian climate zones. This analysis was made based on eight representative locations using recent weather datasets (2003–2017). The thermal comfort and passive design poten...

The prime objective of the hostel buildings is to provide an adequate thermal environment to the students for their good health and learning performance. However, a few studies have been reported so far in such buildings around the world. This paper reports the findings of a questionnaire based thermal comfort study in six naturally ventilated host...

Assessing human health under climate change in hot climates is of particular importance in the Middle East. Cairo is one of those cities that have an estimated 2018 population as high as 13 million, with a metropolitan population of 21 million, which makes it the largest city in Africa and the Middle East. In and around Cairo, many of the summer se...

A classroom thermal environment quality has an important role in a student’s life as it influences student’s performance and well-being. It is well known that at each educational stage, curricula demands different activities, different learning approaches and systematic thinking, requiring increasing levels of concentration. With increasing awarene...

Hostel buildings prime objective is to provide better thermal environments to the students for their good health and learning performance. In India, a very few studies are done on the thermal environments of multi-storied naturally ventilated hostel buildings. We carried out a thermal comfort study in two mid-rise (~G+5 floors) naturally ventilated...

This study assesses the applicability of thermal mass as a passive design strategy in naturally ventilated office spaces in composite climate of India. The research is an experimental study of two high thermal mass office buildings with different thermal properties, operated under natural ventilation mode for the year 2015-2016 in Jaipur city, Indi...

A transverse questionnaire based thermal comfort field study was conducted in 30 naturally ventilated university classrooms during peak summer months in composite climate of India. A detailed statistical analysis was carried out on 900 thermal comfort surveys database containing information about sensation and preference for different indoor enviro...

This review presents an overview of the existing stateof- the-art practices of improved performance in buildings required for the algorithmic logic and/or hardware. The main focus is on sensor-actuator based applications in intelligent buildings like air quality, lighting, heating/cooling, ventilation, power management, water management, cooking ga...

Recognizing the value of open-source research databases in advancing the art and science of HVAC, in 2014 the ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database II project was launched under the leadership of University of California at Berkeley's Center for the Built Environment and The University of Sydney's Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Laboratory. The...

Classrooms play an important role in every student’s life as the quality of thermal environments also influences a student’s performance and well-being. It is well known that at each educational stage, curricula demand different learning approaches and types of systematic thinking, requiring increasing levels of concentration. The absence of any st...

Adequate ventilation system and difficulty in operating/maintain ventilators at higher levels in temples and high rise historical buildings is a major problem. In this regard a wireless sensor actuator network based ventilation monitoring and control system is developed for temples and high rise historical buildings. Sensor array modules are implem...

India is a large country with vast climate, social cultural and economic diversity. Despite this India is growing rapidly with an aim to provide better amenities and shelter to all by 2022. India rapid growth is creating the need for infrastructure and high rate of increase in energy consumption in building sector of tropical and developing country...

This study aims to explore the status of thermal comfort in the offices of North-East India. There are very few studies done on assessment of thermal comfort in the offices of India. Previous studies covered five climatic zones of India but not in North-East India. The climate as well as office buildings operation is quite different compared to res...

Feld surveys in naturally ventilated (NV), and free running (FR) buildings around the world shows that comfort temperature varies with outdoor air temperature [1]. This indicates a strong influence of prevailing outdoor environmental conditions on thermal comfort [1]. Adaptive thermal comfort model based on field study database is now incorporated...

India has a large diversity in climate, socio-cultural setup, and economy, but it aims to provide better amenities and shelter to all by 2022. India is also progressing on the path towards high-energy efficiency in the building sector to reduce the energy usage in this sector. In India, decisions are generally made based on energy efficiency as the...

Buildings are responsible for consumption of around 35% of India’s total final energy consumption and building energy use is growing at the rate of 8% per year. Thermal performance improvement of building is one of the major areas to address the energy efficiency in buildings. It is also important to note that constructions of traditional residenti...

Globally, old and historic settlements exhibit efficient urban planning in terms of compactness, walkability, energy efficiency and social cohesiveness. However, with the passage of time, usually a city's old settlements undergo numerous socio-economic and physical transformations leading to an urban chaos. The walled city of Alwar in the state of...

This paper discusses the relationship between thermal environment and adaptive thermal comfort in office buildings of Japan where occupants are able to open the windows. With the use of adaptive thermal control opportunities in offices, it is possible to reduce the heating and cooling energy consumption. There are very limited studies on buildings...

Thermal comfort standards such as ASHRAE 55-2013 defines comfort boundaries which are based on the experimental results conducted in climatic chambers and field studies. The current comfort standards do not reflect the cultural and climatic diversity of India. A thermal comfort field study was conducted in 32 naturally ventilated buildings, collect...

High rate of increase in energy consumption in building sector of tropical and developing country like India is a matter of concern. This study is carried out to analyze the effectiveness of cool roof in composite (Delhi) and hot and dry (Jodhpur, Rajasthan) climatic zones of India. A sample building is constructed in TRNSYS and yearlong simulation...

This paper discusses the relationship between thermal environment and adaptive thermal comfort in office buildings of Japan where occupants are able to open the windows. We conducted a questionnaire based field survey in naturally ventilated office buildings. Analyzing the data we found that the measured value of comfort temperature can be closely...

The formal urban planning framework for modern Indian cities is not enough for its historical cities which are usually characterised by multi-functional spaces, heterogeneous societies, compact urban form and diverse economic linkages. The study establishes the need of a micro-level assessment of old neighbourhoods for community-based urban regener...

Energy consumption in Indian building sector is increasing at high rate. The National Building Code of India specifies a narrow comfort temperature range between 21 °C and 26 °C for all types of buildings and for all seasons. A thermal comfort field study was conducted in 32 naturally ventilated buildings, collecting a total of 2610 samples spread...

Human spend most of time inside the buildings. It is an inherent nature of human beings to always look for an enhanced level of thermal comfort, which resulted in increased energy consumption of the buildings. Hence, it becomes a necessity to design building which provide optimal thermal comfort with minimum artificial energy consumption. North Eas...

This paper discusses the relationship between thermal environment and adaptive thermal comfort in Japanese office buildings of Japan where occupants are able to open the windows. With the use of adaptive thermal control opportunities in offices, it is possible to reduce the heating and cooling energy consumption. There are very limited studies on b...

Cities across the world have witnessed the positive impact of synchronized use of hard and soft infrastructure in improving the quality of services at a personalized level. The success has become an inspiration for others, pushed by the ever-increasing demand for improved quality of life in cities and personalized experience. The Government of Indi...

Increasing intensity of extreme events due to climate change and disasters disrupts basic urban services, especially if the city does not function in a sustainable manner even under normal circumstances. Hazards can be faced with adequate Infrastructure, efficient governance and strong socio - economic conditions. The authors, in this study adopted...

In this paper, we have discussed the sensor-based applications and what is necessary for the dissimilarities in hardware realization and algorithm. This paper presents the existing state-of-the-art of IEEE 1451 standard-based sensor applications and is mainly focused on standard transducer interface module (STIM), network capable application proces...

Climate responsive building design is determined by the local micro-climate and the ability of the building envelope to regulate the indoor thermal environment. The building envelope characteristics are based on the available/accessible building materials and technology. Studies on vernacular architecture across the world showed that wall configura...

Thermal comfort study is very important because it correlates occupants comfort in built environment to the functioning of the building and energy consumption. PMV-PPD method works fairly well for conditioned buildings. However, this method does not provide expected results when applied to naturally ventilated buildings. Naturally ventilated buildi...

Vernacular buildings are evolved through trial and error method over the period of time. These buildings are constructed more on ‘design-based approach’ suited to a particular climatic condition and socio-cultural setup rather than emphasizing technological solutions or prescriptive requirements. However, in recent times, due to quest for better th...

In this paper, we have discussed the sensor-based applications and what is necessary for the dissimilarities in hardware realization and algorithm. This paper presents the existing state-of-the-art of IEEE 1451 standard-based sensor applications and is mainly focused on standard transducer interface module (STIM), network capable application proces...

Indoor thermal environment monitoring has been done in 20 residential buildings of Liege city followed by questionnaire based comfort survey amongst the occupants of 85 houses in order to record their preference and expectations about indoor thermal environment in winter and spring season. It is found from the analysis that change of glazing has a...

The present paper presents a full procedure to develop an adaptive comfort model for South-East Asia. Meta-analysis on large number of observations from field surveys which were conducted in this region was employed. Standardization and bias control of the database were fully reported. Statistical tests of significance and weighted regression metho...

Energy, built environment and thermal comforts are closely inter-related. The unprecedented growth in building sector due to growth in population and enhanced thermal comfort standards leads to more primary energy consumption and consequently increases the green house gas (GHG) emissions to the environment. The construction industry in India is one...

Energy consumption in the buildings sector is very high and is expected to increase further due to improvements in living standard and increase in the world’s population. Incorporating appropriate solar passive features in climate responsive buildings are good options for energy conservation. This kind of building design integrates the micro-climat...

Thermal performance study is one of the critical aspects of the natural ventilated vernacular buildings. Thermal comfort studies of built environment mainly focussed on two different approaches, one is heat balance approach and the other is adaptive approach. Thermal comfort survey has been carried out in 50 houses covering over 100 occupants of co...

Design plays an important role in making buildings comfortable for human beings. Human beings spend most of their time in buildings. So the built environment must be designed for optimal thermal comfort to support the life and its sustainability. It is inherent in the human being to always look for the enhanced level of comfort. This activity leads...

Vernacular architecture is still very popular and constructed widely in North-East India. In this paper, the result of long-term monitoring of two vernacular houses selected one in Tezpur (warm and humid climate) and other one in Cherrapunjee (cold and cloudy climate) are presented. Long-term monitoring work includes the measurements of temperature...

Solar passive techniques are being used in vernacular buildings throughout the world. Researchers have done extensive study on thermal performance of vernacular buildings in the different parts of the world. Vernacular architecture of North-Eastern India represents the principle of climate-responsive architecture, which still lacks experimental val...

Vernacular buildings are region specific and governed by local climate, building materials availability and socio-economic status. So there cannot be a universal assigned standard for energy efficient sustainable buildings. ASHRAE 55-2004 and ISO 7730 also impart emphasis on more field experiments regarding naturally ventilated buildings to address...

Vernacular architecture based on bioclimatism concepts was developed and used through the centuries by many civilizations across the world. Different civilizations have produced their own architectural styles based on the local conditions. This study is carried out on the vernacular buildings of north-east India across all the bioclimatic zones. A...

A field study has been carried out to evaluate the thermal comfort perception of the occupants in naturally ventilated buildings at different bioclimatic zones of North-East India. The survey also examined the adaptive behaviour of the occupants in the usage of climatic control such as windows and fans to modify the indoor environment. The survey w...

Building construction and operation have an enormous direct and indirect impact on the environment. The issues of sustainable building design are multi-facets and highly lateral in nature. However building sustainability largely focus on the operation of the building and construction process. Bioclimatism is a critical parameter for achieving susta...

Thermal comfort not only makes the occupants comfortable but also decides the energy consumption in the building and thus its sustainability. Throughout the world, from ancient times people have used solar passive techniques that have evolved through generations. These structures got attention for detailed study among the researchers. Different res...

This paper represents the very basic work of bio-climatic classification of north-east India into warm and humid, cool and humid and cold and cloudy zones. This classification is extremely useful to the building design for wide range of objectives such as climate responsive building design, building energy conservation, thermal comfort, out door de...